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A notary deed is an authentic deed drawn up by or before a notary according to the form and procedure stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Office of a Notary. Article 15 of the law on the position of a notary regulates the authority of a notary, and Article 16 of the law on the position of a notary regulates the obligations of a notary. In carrying out these powers and obligations, a role is required in the form of a series of actions that are supportive in carrying out the duties of a notary in accordance with his position if the Notary does not play a role in causing the deed to be canceled, as in the Supreme Court Decision No. 535 PK/Pdt/2017 (1) the cancellation was due to an imbalance between what was written in the sale and purchase agreement deed and the facts of the parties. The decision of the Surabaya District Court (2) stated that the deed made by a notary was valid according to legal provisions. In contrast, the decision of the Surabaya High Court (3) stated that the deed was legally flawed. The decision of the Supreme Court (4) at the cassation and review level upheld the decision. This study analyzes the juridical factors that cause the deed of sale and purchase agreement made before a notary to be void based on a court decision and analyzes the role of the Notary in making a sale and purchase agreement deed. The research method used is normative juridical, using secondary data obtained from literature studies, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources. The juridical factor that caused the cancellation of the sale and purchases agreement deed by the Notary, according to the Supreme Court's decision upholding the high court's decision, was because the plaintiff of the convention could prove the argument for his lawsuit regarding bilyet giro not for land payment in the sale and purchase agreement deed but for the sale and purchase of scrap metal where the plaintiff (seller) is an intermediary in buying and selling scrap metal. The Notary has yet to play a role in making the sale and purchase agreement deed, which resulted in the sale and purchase agreement deed being canceled based on a court decision. The problem is caused by the Notary not carrying out roles, such as providing legal counseling in connection with doing the deed as stipulated in the notary position law Article 15 paragraph (2) letter (e), carrying out the task carefully as stipulated in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter a, Reading the deed before the parties attended by at least 2 (two) witnesses as referred to in Article 16 paragraph (1) letter (m).

Вивчено та проаналізовано роботи провідних учених Великобританії, що досліджують епоху Стюартів і роль придворної маски в культурній та політичній системі Англії цього періоду. Виявлено різні підходи дослідників до жанру маски: від її сприйняття як схематичної, стереотипної та негнучкої форми до надмірно політизованої і позбавленої естетичного аспекту форми. Встановлено, що маски були культовим символом епохи Стюартів і частиною політичної культури Англії. Завдяки впливу масок на політичне та культурне життя Англії в першій половині XVII ст. Лондон перетворюється на світовий космополітичний центр. Визначено, що маска є посередником між монархом і його придворними і виконує допоміжні функції, спрямовані на утримання влади Стюартів. Розкрито, що маски ретранслювали атмосферу консенсусу і довіри, сублімували конфлікт в естетичну згоду та демонстрували сильні сторони королівської влади Стюартів. ; The aim of this paper is to determine the place and role of the court Masque of the Kings of the house of Stuart era in the political life of England in the first half of the 17th century, as well as to identify the level of influence of the court Masque on the values and priorities of the royal court, as well as the effect on strengthening the authority of the monarch.Research methodology. Twelve publications by leading English scholars on this subject were considered, including archival data and historical choirs. The materials of the specific literature were studied using logical, historical, chronological, problem-chronological and historical-retrospective methods.Results. The Court Masque became a model of the Renaissance culture, in which politics, aesthetics, culture, and history closely interacted.Masques were designed to emphasize the harmony, unity, and consolidation of English society. Thanks to the huge influence of the Masques on the political and cultural life of England, the Palace of Whitehall gradually turned into a world center of influence. Masques become a cult example of the Stuart era. The Court Masque becomes an intermediary between the crown and the court, a channel of communication between the monarch and his elites, performing auxiliary functions in maintaining the power of the Stuarts. Masques strengthened the authority of the King of England in the political arena and asserted his right to national leadership. The Masques sublimated the conflict into aesthetic harmony and submission to the will of the monarch, demonstrating the strengths of the royal Stuart house.Novelty. An attempt is made to analyze the works of leading researchers of the Renaissance, in order to identify the influence of the court Masque on the political culture of England.The practical significance. The key results of this research can be used in lecture materials, practical classes and seminars on the history of foreign culture.

The aim of this paper is to determine the place and role of the court Masque of the Kings of the house of Stuart era in the political life of England in the first half of the 17th century, as well as to identify the level of influence of the court Masque on the values and priorities of the royal court, as well as the effect on strengthening the authority of the monarch.Research methodology. Twelve publications by leading English scholars on this subject were considered, including archival data and historical choirs. The materials of the specific literature were studied using logical, historical, chronological, problem-chronological and historical-retrospective methods.Results. The Court Masque became a model of the Renaissance culture, in which politics, aesthetics, culture, and history closely interacted.Masques were designed to emphasize the harmony, unity, and consolidation of English society. Thanks to the huge influence of the Masques on the political and cultural life of England, the Palace of Whitehall gradually turned into a world center of influence. Masques become a cult example of the Stuart era. The Court Masque becomes an intermediary between the crown and the court, a channel of communication between the monarch and his elites, performing auxiliary functions in maintaining the power of the Stuarts. Masques strengthened the authority of the King of England in the political arena and asserted his right to national leadership. The Masques sublimated the conflict into aesthetic harmony and submission to the will of the monarch, demonstrating the strengths of the royal Stuart house.Novelty. An attempt is made to analyze the works of leading researchers of the Renaissance, in order to identify the influence of the court Masque on the political culture of England.The practical significance. The key results of this research can be used in lecture materials, practical classes and seminars on the history of foreign culture. ; Вивчено та проаналізовано роботи провідних учених Великобританії, що досліджують епоху Стюартів і роль придворної маски в культурній та політичній системі Англії цього періоду. Виявлено різні підходи дослідників до жанру маски: від її сприйняття як схематичної, стереотипної та негнучкої форми до надмірно політизованої і позбавленої естетичного аспекту форми. Встановлено, що маски були культовим символом епохи Стюартів і частиною політичної культури Англії. Завдяки впливу масок на політичне та культурне життя Англії в першій половині XVII ст. Лондон перетворюється на світовий космополітичний центр. Визначено, що маска є посередником між монархом і його придворними і виконує допоміжні функції, спрямовані на утримання влади Стюартів. Розкрито, що маски ретранслювали атмосферу консенсусу і довіри, сублімували конфлікт в естетичну згоду та демонстрували сильні сторони королівської влади Стюартів.

The research is motivated by increasing population and demand community to meet housing needs. Related to this, how is the Bank's Strategy Syariah Mandiri Samarinda Branch as one of the banks that has an important role as Intermediary institutions, to realize the desire of customers to have decent housing through its products are Griya BSM and How to Implement Home Ownership financing with The Murabahah Agreement is in the context of achieving company goals amid the bank's world competition increasingly sharp. This type of research is field research, which is a study carried out systematically by lifting data in the field. The purpose of this research is to find out the Strategy and Implementation of Home Ownership Financing With Murabahah Agreement at Bank Syariah Mandiri Samarinda Branch. The nature of the research this is Descriptive Qualitative. The research uses observation, interview and documentation techniques with management resource persons / related bank parties.The research uses Analysis of Miles And Hubberman. The results of the research, it was found that BSM determined the segmentation of BSM Griya products based on demographic segmentation which is based on income level and employment level. Determination of market targeting on BSM Griya products, through two categories, namely permanent employees such as civil servants and professional jobs such as doctors or equivalent. Positioning Griya BSM products in the minds of consumers is the Sharia brand itself, flat installments, speed and accuracy of the process, and fewer costs incurred by customers than conventional home financing. The results of the research indicate that the strategies carried out by the Mandiri Branch Syariah Bank Samarinda is determining Segmentation, namely dividing customers based on income level and job, Positioning that is offering superior products that have unique and sharia values, and Targeting is aiming at fixed income customers by cooperating with agencies and doing individual prospects. In order for the strategy to be achieved, the marketing mix is carried out includes 4 P namely Product, Price, Place, and Promotion which done by displaying the uniqueness of the product, affordable prices with flat installments and low margin compared to other banks, convenient service locations, and promotional uses reference of friends of BSM, advertisements, brochures, social media, sticking to running advertisements as well as collaborate and presentations to government and private agencies and individuals. Implementation of home ownership financing is carried out through 4 stages namely : submission of application, inspection and analysis, signing of agreement and disbursement. Procedure stages based on 5 C (Character, Capital, Capability, Collateral, and Condition of Economy) with the most disbursement time 1 week long and using a Murabahah contract with flat / fixed installments, Fixed an 11% margin,mild down payment, and free final.

Scholastic ability & SC together form the traditional foundation for investigating youngsters' Coll plans. But the Nat'l HSch Study directed by Natalie Rogoff finds that seniors attending certain HSch's are more likely to enter Coll than their cohorts in other HSch's, even though their scholastic abilities & fam backgrounds are similar. In addition to class & ability it was hyped that larger soc milieu influences youngsters' Coll decisions, esp the educ'al milieu (the HSch climate) in which the Sch's & seniors are located. In a nat'ally representative sample of over 500 public HSch's, information on the Coll plans of more than 35,000 seniors was collected in 1955 by the Educ'al Testing Service. At the same time a 20-item test was administered, the quartile score of which is used to represent ability. Seniors also provided fam background data such as their fathers' occup and educ. From this information an index of socio-educ'al status of the fam was constructed & S's were classified into 5 fam types. 5 educ'al milieus are delineated, from the 5th climate in which a majority of the Sch's senior class are from professional & businessmen's homes, to the first climate in which less than 20% of the Sch's senior class are from such homes. Sch's are examined in these milieus using various educ'al features & cultural facilities of the HSch & its community which are highly r'ed with planning Coll (eg, the presence of a guidance counselor). The 5th climate possesses all these desired characteristics, whereas the first displays a consistent lack of such educ'al features. With few exceptions the 4th, 3rd, & 2nd climates stand in intermediary position between the 2 extremes, in the expected order. When examining the influence of class & climate on ability simultaneously in order to observe the independent effects of each on ability, it is found that a youngster's fam background & his educ'al milieu are equally determinant of above mean/average abilities. But very high abilities are determined more by fain background than by the educ'al setting. By simultaneously examining the influence of the milieu, class, & ability on entering Coll, class & ability are found to be equally determinant. The HSch climate has a lesser effect on Coll plans. Nevertheless in the 5th climate the educ'al milieu which developes proportionately more capable seniors no matter what their soc origins, a child's ability is more important for planning Coll than his fam background. Conversely, in the first climate whichdevelops fewest capable youngsters, a senior's fam background is more important for entering Coll than is his ability. Furthermore, in the 5th climate class & ability together account for 73% of the variation in planning Coll, while in the first they account for only 55% of the variation. AA.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan "Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun" ile 18.06.2018 tarihli "Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge" gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. ; Bu tezin amacı; "Türkiye'deki firmaların ihracat faaliyet ve performansı üzerinde, iki merkez kurum olan devlet ve finansal sistemin ne tür etkileri olduğunu" anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, kurumsal kuram hakkında zengin bir literatür araştırması yapılıp; kurumsal kurama temel oluşturan kurum, kurumsal kuramın temel tezi, eski ve yeni kurumsal kuram, çevre kavramı, eşbiçimlilik mekanizmaları ve kurumsal ögeler hakkında araştırmanın amacı kapsamında genel bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk bölümde genel bir alt yapı oluşturulduktan sonra araştırma sorularımızın temelini oluşturacak olan ikinci bölümde ise "iş sistemlerinin kurumsal yapısı" ele alınmış, Whitley'in "ulusal iş sistemleri" olarak adlandırdığı devlet, finansal sistemler, beceri geliştirme ve kontrol sistemi, güven-yetki ilişkisi dört başlık altında incelenmiş; bunlardan esas olarak konumuzla doğrudan bağlantılı olan "devlet" ve "finansal sistemler" üzerinde önemle durulmuştur. Devamında, Türkiye özelinde bu sistemlerin uygulanma şekli ve etkinliğine değinilmiştir. Üçüncü ve son bölüm tezin ampirik kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda Türkiye'de ihracat faaliyetinde bulunan firmaların üst düzey yöneticileri ile mülakatlar gerçekleştirilerek veriler toplanmıştır. Bu bölümde ilk olarak devletin ve kurumlarının ihracat faaliyeti üzerinde ne tür etkileri olduğu irdelenip, finansal sistemlerin firmaların ihracat faaliyet ve performansına ne derecede etkisinin olduğu üzerinde durulmuştur. Devamında aracı kurumların ne derece etkin olduğu açıklandıktan sonra dış politikanın ihracat faaliyetlerine etkisi araştırılmış ve son olarak elde edilen veriler ışığında bir takım çıkarımlara gidilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar ve veri analizleri sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; devletin, kurumların ve devletin dış politikasının ihracat faaliyet ve performansını çoğu zaman doğrudan bazı durumlarda da dolaylı olarak etkilediği, finansal sistemlerin firmaların ihracat performansı üzerinde önemli bir etken olduğu görülmektedir. Bazı şirketlerin aracı kurumlardan etkin şekilde faydalandığı bazı şirketlerin de aracı kurum kullanmaktan kaçındıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. ; The main aim of our thesis was to try to find out "what kinds of effects the state and financial system, that are two central institutions, have on export activities and performance of the companies in Turkey". For this purpose, the study consist of three parts. In the first section, it was aimed to perform a rich literature review on institutional theory and to provide general information about institution, institutionalization, basic theory of institutional theory, old and new institutional theory, the concept of environment, uniformity mechanisms and institutional elements that provide a basis for institutional theory. After a general infrastructure was created in the first section, "the institutional structure of business system" was discussed, and the relationships between the state, financial systems, skill development and control system, trust-authority, that are called as "national business system" by Whitley, were examined in detail under four main headings in the second section that would constitute the basis of our research questions. From fundamentally of these "the state" and "financial systems", which are directly related with our topic, is emphasized. After these systems were examined, it was focused on the way these systems are implemented in Turkey in particular, and their effectiveness. Our third and the last section is the empirical part of the thesis. For the purposesof the study, interviews with senior managers of firms in export activities in turkey were carried out and the data were callected. In this section, at first, what kinds of effects the state and its institutions have on export activity was examined, and it was focused on to what extent financial systems have effects on export activities and performance of the companies. Then, after explaining to what extent intermediary institutions are effective, the effect of foreign policy on export activities was investigated, and finally, some inferences were made using the inductive method based on the data obtained. According to the findings of researhes and data analysis, it is seen that the foreign policy of state, foundations and the state directly or indirectly affect the state and financial systems are an important factor on the export performance of firms. ıt has been concluded that some companies benefit from brokerage effectively and some companies do not use any brokerage

From the seminal work of Kydland and Prescott (1982) a huge amount of ef- fort and work has been devoted in order to improve our understanding of how an economy works. After the breakthrough of general equilibrium analysis, macroeconomics rapidly became a mathematical science based on the paradigm that economies can be described as intertemporal equilibria. A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model (DSGE) describes the over time evolution of an economy as function of primitive objects, so called deep pa- rameters, which relate to preference, technology and endowments of economic agents, namely firms, households and government. It is a Stochastic model as the source of economic fluctuations is provided by random shocks. Those latter can be measured and named, but their ultimate explanation is left out of the model. It is Dynamic General Equilibrium since agents take optimal intertem- poral decisions (under the constraints they face) which are mutually consistent, without being necessarily optimal from a social welfare point of view. This thesis is an attempt to add one further page to the book of knowledge of DSGE models. In particular, in each chapter I treat a different issue concerning the link between exogenous shocks and macroeconomic variables. In the first chapter I answer the following: 'How does credit relate to the transmission mechanism of shocks into macroeconomic variables ?' We introduce liquidity frictions into a standard Real Business Cycle model. While stan- dard models assume that business projects can immediately find financing, in our set-up we introduce a lengthy search process for potential Entrepreneurs to match with loans from financial intermediaries. Every period spent on the search process entails a cost. When a match occurs the Entrepreneur can start a business and she is willing to give up part of her profit to the intermediary in exchange for not getting back into the search process. This is a kind of liquidity premium which is paid by active firms on top of the risk-free rate: when credit markets are tight, meaning that Entrepreneurs are abundant compared to avail- able loans, the premium is higher. We show that when labor markets are perfect, the effects of our liquidity premium on economic dynamics are small. Instead, when also labor markets are subject to frictions, i.e. workers and firms are in another search process to find one another, credit frictions can either accelerate or reduce the impact of the stochastic shocks hitting the economy, depending on the value of deep parameters. For realistic calibrations of the model, based one US data, an accelerating effect seems to be in place. The second chapter deals with the econometric estimation of DSGE mod- els. Earlier contributions used simple models as small laboratory experiments which could be calibrated in order to reproduce relevant features of an econ- omy. As the discipline evolved, models were taken to the data by the means of more formal econometric techniques. Our second question is as follows: 'Pro- vided the generating process of shocks is unknown to researchers what is the best way to bring a model to the data ?'. This work relaxes one of the com- mon assumption used in the literature, that is the statistical form of exogenous shocks is known to the researcher. We extend Kalman Filter Maximum Like- lihood methods to cope with the problem at hand. We report better estimates of the deep parameters of the economy (i.e. more in line with those obtained by using other sources of data) and a large and statistically significant improve- ment in out-of-sample forecast of macroeconomic variables. We also provide empirical reasons to believe that long memory can be a relevant issue concern- ing DSGE models, a feature much overlooked in the literature. The ingenuity of our method is that it is an effective way of filtering out from the data the amount of persistence which would be left unexplained by the model. In the last chapter I take a Bayesian point of view to estimating DSGE mod- els. A bayesian researcher uses not only the set of data at hand, but also his prior knowledge. The contribution of the chapter is twofold. On the one hand we investigate some earlier problematic results, namely those of Negro and Schorfheide (2008). A critical issue in their procedure is fully exposed and some ways to solve it are outlined. Then we propose a simple way of eliciting priors, which is to use information concerning so called impulse response functions. Impulse responses are the responses of macroeconomic variables, conditional on some exogenous shock occurring in the economy. Those are the most stud- ied object in modern macroeconomics and they constitute an ideal source of prior knowledge. Some implications of the use of impulse responses as prior knowledge are explored in this chapter. The technical evolution of the chapters (from calibration to Bayesian Esti- mation) reflects the evolution of the literature on DSGE models and also the learning process of the author himself. ; (ECON 3) -- UCL, 2010

From the seminal work of Kydland and Prescott (1982) a huge amount of ef- fort and work has been devoted in order to improve our understanding of how an economy works. After the breakthrough of general equilibrium analysis, macroeconomics rapidly became a mathematical science based on the paradigm that economies can be described as intertemporal equilibria. A Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model (DSGE) describes the over time evolution of an economy as function of primitive objects, so called deep pa- rameters, which relate to preference, technology and endowments of economic agents, namely firms, households and government. It is a Stochastic model as the source of economic fluctuations is provided by random shocks. Those latter can be measured and named, but their ultimate explanation is left out of the model. It is Dynamic General Equilibrium since agents take optimal intertem- poral decisions (under the constraints they face) which are mutually consistent, without being necessarily optimal from a social welfare point of view. This thesis is an attempt to add one further page to the book of knowledge of DSGE models. In particular, in each chapter I treat a different issue concerning the link between exogenous shocks and macroeconomic variables. In the first chapter I answer the following: 'How does credit relate to the transmission mechanism of shocks into macroeconomic variables ?' We introduce liquidity frictions into a standard Real Business Cycle model. While stan- dard models assume that business projects can immediately find financing, in our set-up we introduce a lengthy search process for potential Entrepreneurs to match with loans from financial intermediaries. Every period spent on the search process entails a cost. When a match occurs the Entrepreneur can start a business and she is willing to give up part of her profit to the intermediary in exchange for not getting back into the search process. This is a kind of liquidity premium which is paid by active firms on top of the risk-free rate: when credit markets are tight, meaning that Entrepreneurs are abundant compared to avail- able loans, the premium is higher. We show that when labor markets are perfect, the effects of our liquidity premium on economic dynamics are small. Instead, when also labor markets are subject to frictions, i.e. workers and firms are in another search process to find one another, credit frictions can either accelerate or reduce the impact of the stochastic shocks hitting the economy, depending on the value of deep parameters. For realistic calibrations of the model, based one US data, an accelerating effect seems to be in place. The second chapter deals with the econometric estimation of DSGE mod- els. Earlier contributions used simple models as small laboratory experiments which could be calibrated in order to reproduce relevant features of an econ- omy. As the discipline evolved, models were taken to the data by the means of more formal econometric techniques. Our second question is as follows: 'Pro- vided the generating process of shocks is unknown to researchers what is the best way to bring a model to the data ?'. This work relaxes one of the com- mon assumption used in the literature, that is the statistical form of exogenous shocks is known to the researcher. We extend Kalman Filter Maximum Like- lihood methods to cope with the problem at hand. We report better estimates of the deep parameters of the economy (i.e. more in line with those obtained by using other sources of data) and a large and statistically significant improve- ment in out-of-sample forecast of macroeconomic variables. We also provide empirical reasons to believe that long memory can be a relevant issue concern- ing DSGE models, a feature much overlooked in the literature. The ingenuity of our method is that it is an effective way of filtering out from the data the amount of persistence which would be left unexplained by the model. In the last chapter I take a Bayesian point of view to estimating DSGE mod- els. A bayesian researcher uses not only the set of data at hand, but also his prior knowledge. The contribution of the chapter is twofold. On the one hand we investigate some earlier problematic results, namely those of Negro and Schorfheide (2008). A critical issue in their procedure is fully exposed and some ways to solve it are outlined. Then we propose a simple way of eliciting priors, which is to use information concerning so called impulse response functions. Impulse responses are the responses of macroeconomic variables, conditional on some exogenous shock occurring in the economy. Those are the most stud- ied object in modern macroeconomics and they constitute an ideal source of prior knowledge. Some implications of the use of impulse responses as prior knowledge are explored in this chapter. The technical evolution of the chapters (from calibration to Bayesian Esti- mation) reflects the evolution of the literature on DSGE models and also the learning process of the author himself. ; (ECON 3) -- UCL, 2010

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of legislative regulation of the provision of legal services in electronic form and to determine the prospects for improving the corresponding. The author substantiates that in Ukraine legal on-line services can be of two types: those providing online communication with a "real" lawyer/lawyer, who answers the user's questions through electronic communications; those that are fully provided through a special program that independently creates documents, consultations, etc. It is determined that the peculiarity of providing an electronic legal service of both types is that, in addition to the customer and the service provider, the obligatory party to the legal relations in the sphere of its provision is the intermediary service provider.Based on the analysis of the legislative regulation of the electronic form of providing legal services, it is argued that the following issues remain unresolved in the legislation of Ukraine, such as: the procedure for concluding and the legal status of the electronic legal services contract; providing information security in the context of guaranteeing the confidentiality of personal data and other information provided by the service user; guarantees of quality of legal service and responsibility of the executor.The author has developed proposals to improve the legislation governing the provision of electronic legal services, in particular, justified the need for: introduction of ESITS, which will allow to provide some types of legal services through the capabilities of the specified system (filing claims and other procedural documents in electronic form; obtaining information on time , place of trial in electronic form; representation of a person in court through video conferencing etc.); legal regulation of how to resolve such issues arising from the provision of an electronic legal service: the right of the service recipient to be informed of the providerof the ancillary information service, the distribution of responsibility for the preservation and confidentiality of the personal data of the recipient of the service and other information provided by him services. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу сучасного стану законодавчого регулювання надання юридичних послуг в електронній формі та визначенню перспектив відповідного вдосконалення. Автором обґрунтовано, що в Україні юридичні он-лайн послуги можуть бути двох видів: ті, що передбачають спілкування он-лайн із «реальним» юристом/адвокатом, який надає відповіді на запитання користувача за допомого засобів електронного зв'язку; ті, що повністю надаються за допомогою спеціальної програми, яка самостійно формує документи, консультації тощо. Визначено, що особливістю надання електронної юридичної послуги обох видів є те, що, крім замовника й виконавця послуги, обов'язковим учасником правовідносин у сфері її надання є постачальник послуги проміжного характеру.На підставі проведеного аналізу законодавчого регулювання електронної форми надання юридичних послуг аргументовано, що в законодавстві України залишаються неврегульовані такі питання, як порядок укладення та правовий статус електронного договору про надання юридичних послуг; забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в контексті гарантування конфіденційності персональних даних та іншої інформації, яка надається користувачем послуги; гарантії якості юридичної послуги й відповідальність виконавця.Автором розроблено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення законодавства, що регламентує надання електронних юридичних послуг, зокрема обґрунтовано необхідність запровадження ЄСІТС, що дасть змогу надавати деякі види юридичних послуг за допомогою можливостей указаної системи (подання позовних заяв та інших процесуальних документів в електронній формі; отримання інформації про час, місце розгляду судової справи в електронній формі; представництво інтересів особи в суді через засоби відеоконференцзв'язку тощо); урегулювання в законодавстві способу вирішення таких питань, які виникають у зв'язку з наданням електронної юридичної послуги: право отримувача послуги бути проінформованим про постачальника допоміжної інформаційної послуги, розподіл відповідальності за збереження та конфіденційність персональних даних отримувача послуги й іншої інформації, що надається ним для отримання послуги.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of legislative regulation of the provision of legal services in electronic form and to determine the prospects for improving the corresponding. The author substantiates that in Ukraine legal on-line services can be of two types: those providing online communication with a "real" lawyer/lawyer, who answers the user's questions through electronic communications; those that are fully provided through a special program that independently creates documents, consultations, etc. It is determined that the peculiarity of providing an electronic legal service of both types is that, in addition to the customer and the service provider, the obligatory party to the legal relations in the sphere of its provision is the intermediary service provider.Based on the analysis of the legislative regulation of the electronic form of providing legal services, it is argued that the following issues remain unresolved in the legislation of Ukraine, such as: the procedure for concluding and the legal status of the electronic legal services contract; providing information security in the context of guaranteeing the confidentiality of personal data and other information provided by the service user; guarantees of quality of legal service and responsibility of the executor.The author has developed proposals to improve the legislation governing the provision of electronic legal services, in particular, justified the need for: introduction of ESITS, which will allow to provide some types of legal services through the capabilities of the specified system (filing claims and other procedural documents in electronic form; obtaining information on time , place of trial in electronic form; representation of a person in court through video conferencing etc.); legal regulation of how to resolve such issues arising from the provision of an electronic legal service: the right of the service recipient to be informed of the providerof the ancillary information service, the distribution of responsibility for the preservation and confidentiality of the personal data of the recipient of the service and other information provided by him services. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу сучасного стану законодавчого регулювання надання юридичних послуг в електронній формі та визначенню перспектив відповідного вдосконалення. Автором обґрунтовано, що в Україні юридичні он-лайн послуги можуть бути двох видів: ті, що передбачають спілкування он-лайн із «реальним» юристом/адвокатом, який надає відповіді на запитання користувача за допомого засобів електронного зв'язку; ті, що повністю надаються за допомогою спеціальної програми, яка самостійно формує документи, консультації тощо. Визначено, що особливістю надання електронної юридичної послуги обох видів є те, що, крім замовника й виконавця послуги, обов'язковим учасником правовідносин у сфері її надання є постачальник послуги проміжного характеру.На підставі проведеного аналізу законодавчого регулювання електронної форми надання юридичних послуг аргументовано, що в законодавстві України залишаються неврегульовані такі питання, як порядок укладення та правовий статус електронного договору про надання юридичних послуг; забезпечення інформаційної безпеки в контексті гарантування конфіденційності персональних даних та іншої інформації, яка надається користувачем послуги; гарантії якості юридичної послуги й відповідальність виконавця.Автором розроблено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення законодавства, що регламентує надання електронних юридичних послуг, зокрема обґрунтовано необхідність запровадження ЄСІТС, що дасть змогу надавати деякі види юридичних послуг за допомогою можливостей указаної системи (подання позовних заяв та інших процесуальних документів в електронній формі; отримання інформації про час, місце розгляду судової справи в електронній формі; представництво інтересів особи в суді через засоби відеоконференцзв'язку тощо); урегулювання в законодавстві способу вирішення таких питань, які виникають у зв'язку з наданням електронної юридичної послуги: право отримувача послуги бути проінформованим про постачальника допоміжної інформаційної послуги, розподіл відповідальності за збереження та конфіденційність персональних даних отримувача послуги й іншої інформації, що надається ним для отримання послуги.

Intergenerational knowledge inheritance has gradually attracted attention in family business inheritance literature, but there is still lack of research, and the exist ing research is more qualitative. The empirical research on the influencing factors and results of intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior has not been found yet. Snowball web survey method was employed and the data from one hundred and fifty nine Chinese family firms were collected to be analyzed empirically. It is found predecessor's willingness to hand over knowledge positively affects intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior, and then promotes enterprise's contextual and task performances, in which intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior plays a mediating role. Similarly, succession intention of successors positively affects intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior, thereby promoting contextual and task performances, and intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior plays an intermediary role. The higher the successor's political skills are, the stronger the positive relationship between predecessor's intention to inherit (successor's intention to inherit) and intergenerational knowledge transfer behavior will be which further promotes contextual and task performances. This thesis also used case study to analyze the inheritance processes of classical Chinese family firms, which demonstrated the research results as well . The research findings establish a theoretical framework and empirical verification of intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior of family business. In practice, it reminds family enterprises to pay attention to intergenerational knowledge inheritance behavior, improve inheritance intentions, and cultivate the political skills of successors, so as to provide guarantee for the smooth transition and future development of family enterprises. ; O tema da transferência de conhecimento intergeracional tem gradualmente atraído a atenção da literatura referente às empresas familiares, contudo existe ainda muitas lacunas, e a pesquisa existente é maioritariamente qualitativa. A pesquisa quantitativa sobre os fatores que influenciam a transferência de conhecimento entre gerações está pouco desenvolvida. Para distribuição dos questionários utilizamos o método "bola de neve" e foram recolhidos e analisados dados respeitantes a 15 9 empresas familiares chinesas. Concluímos que a vontade do antecessor para passar o conhecimento afeta positivamente o comportamento relativo à transferência entre gerações, e consequentemente promove o desempenho global das empresas familiares. Similarmente, a intenção de sucessão dos sucessores afeta positivamente o comportamento da transferência de conhecimento intergeracional, promovendo também deste modo o desempenho global. Quanto maiores forem as habilidades políticas dos sucessores, mais forte será a relação positiva entre a intenção do antecessor para transferir o conhecimento. Para testar as conclusões extraídas da pesquisa quantitativa, esta tese utiliza também casos de estudo para analisar os processos de transferência de conhecimento de empresas Chinesas bem conhecidas. Os resultados da pesquisa estabelecem um quadro teórico e uma verificação empírica do comportamento entre gerações relacionado com a transferência de conhecimento. Em termos práticos, enfatiza a necessidade das empresas chinesas prestarem atenção ao comportamento relacionado com a transferência intergeracional de conhecimento, a melhorarem as intenções de transferência e a cultivarem as habilidades políticas dos sucessores, assim como providenciarem garantias para uma transição suave e ajudarem o futuro desenvolvimento das empresas familiares.

Do judicial dissents affect mass politics? Many people, including judges, scholars, political commentators, and public officials claim that they do. The conventional wisdom is that unanimous rulings boost support for court decisions, while judicial division fuels popular opposition. As such, it has been suggested that courts present a united front on controversial cases as a strategy for garnering support and quelling resistance. However, empirical analysis of the public perception of judicial unanimity and dissent is sparse, incomplete, and inconsistent.This dissertation is broadly guided by the question of whether unity/division among judges can in fact influence media coverage of and popular attitudes toward court decisions. In doing so, I consider both the role of the news media as an intermediary between the courts and the public and direct public reaction to information about court unity. Using a combination of existing and original data, I analyze newspaper coverage patterns to determine if judicial consensus has an independent effect on the visibility and favorability of Supreme Court coverage. While previous work has assumed that the correlation between coverage and division is the result of the most newsworthy cases producing the most divided outcomes, I find that dissent on the Supreme Court generates press coverage independent of other factors associated with a case's newsworthiness. Moreover, this dissertation is the first study to find that narrower Supreme Court majorities attract more critical coverage. In addition, using a series of original survey experiments from a nationally representative sample, I expand and improve upon existing research of the direct popular reaction to judicial unanimity and dissent. Though most previous work on this subject had found no link between judicial consensus and public opinion, recently published findings have suggested that unanimity does indeed boost agreement with Supreme Court decisions across a variety of issue areas. Breaking with this, I find that popular reaction to judicial consensus is highly dependent on the ideological salience of the issue involved and that, contrary to the conventional wisdom, dissent can actually foster acceptance of rulings among the Court's opponents by suggesting evidence of procedural justice. However, this effect of majority size on public opinion appears limited to the Supreme Court: I find no evidence of a similar effect at the lower court level.This dissertation improves upon the existing body of knowledge regarding the judiciary's role in the political world. Not only does it reveal potential evidence of a news media bias toward judicial conflict, its public opinion findings buck both the conventional wisdom and the extant literature. Rather than suggesting that unanimity generally leads to a more supportive populace, as the conventional wisdom argues, or that there is no connection at all, as much of the scholarly literature claims, my findings show that the relationship between judicial consensus is more nuanced and is frequently the opposite of what the conventional wisdom suggests.

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the dynamics of cyberbullying among minority youths, focusing on its increasing prevalence in the digital realm, which does not necessitate technical expertise from the offenders. It explores a shift from conventional bully characteristics to individuals assuming new digital personas, merging traditional criminology with flag theory to analyze violent behavior online, specifically in educational environments, and studying the correlation between low self-control, affiliations with delinquent peers and the likelihood of cyberbullying occurrences.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses structural equation modeling to examine survey data from 237 eleventh-grade students in St. Louis public schools, focusing on the relationships between cyberbullying, low self-control and association with delinquent peers within a comprehensive theoretical framework that includes the flag theory and demographic factors, as well as using multigroup analysis to investigate racial dynamics and confirming indirect effects using bootstrapping techniques.

Findings
The research establishes strong connections between low self-control, delinquent peer involvement, and cyberbullying, supporting the flag theory in digital violence contexts, while also showing that low self-control and peer engagement play a mediating role in cyberbullying incidents among minority youth, with racial composition having no significant impact on these dynamics.

Research limitations/implications
The study is restricted by its focus on a particular geographical area, in conjunction with its reliance on self-reported information obtained exclusively from a specific age group. This specificity raises concerns about the applicability of the findings to diverse populations. Furthermore, the study's dependence on a three-item assessment for cyberbullying, combined with the challenges encountered in achieving complete scalar invariance during multigroup analysis, emphasizes the need for more precise measurement tools and improved methodological frameworks.

Practical implications
This research discloses actionable insights fundamental to the advancement of cyberbullying prevention strategies. The finding that the connection between race and the effects of peer association and self-control on cyberbullying is minimal suggests that these interventions can be generally applied, transcending racial boundaries. Moreover, identifying self-control as a critical intermediary offers fresh avenues for cybercrime research, shifting the conventional focus from established predictors. By zeroing in on peer influence as a fundamental element, this study provides innovative angles to bolster the understanding of digital violence mitigation in educational settings.

Social implications
This research emphasizes the urgent concern of cyberbullying among minority youths, along with its psychological and academic impacts. By elucidating the interaction between personal traits and social networks, the findings can guide comprehensive strategies aimed at cultivating safer digital spaces and bolstering social wellness within educational frameworks.

Originality/value
This research presents an original and ground-breaking method that combines various theories in criminology specifically in the context of cyberbullying among minority youths. By proposing a new and redefined role for self-control, which is not seen as the common main predictor but rather as a crucial mediator, this study provides fresh insights into the dynamics of cyber aggression. Through the detailed examination of the flag theory framework, the study uncovers the complex reciprocal relationship between self-control and peer engagement, revealing previously overlooked mechanisms in a broader landscape of digital violence.

Contemporary health policies constitute a real challenge in terms of collaborations, in the sense that they request cross-sectoral or cross-organisational collaborations (Clavier & Gagnon, 2013; Crosby & Bryson, 2010) as an answer to complex societal problems (Daviter, 2017). Beside this, those new policies also show an evolution in the policy piloting process as an increasing responsibility is delegated to field actors for interpreting those policy plans, strengthening the role of local communities within the production of public action (Bureau & Sainsaulieu, 2011; Dubois & Orianne, 2012; Genard, 2007). Those new health policies open the doors for the emergence of new intermediary professional roles, including the network coordinators. With this paper, our objective is to empirically illustrate and understand those coordinators' place and role in the Belgian forensic mental health (FMH) policy piloting and implementation processes. The FMH policy shows a clear evidence regarding this twofold trend. Six mandated local networks gathering local stakeholders were created in order to (1) organise the development of (cross-) sectoral collaborations as well as to (2) implement the policy vision at the local level. For each network two coordinators were mandated by the public federal authorities. This paper is based on a qualitative research combining three different methods of data collection. It includes policy and network document analysis, thirty-five semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from the FMH field and fifteen observations of (federal and network) meetings. This methodology allowed us to follow the implementation and construction processes of the FMH policy plan since 2016 at different levels of action. Our research allowed us to understand that FMH coordinators play a key role regarding the twofold trend of contemporary health policies. The paper will show that they are sorts of "reform leaders" (Denis & Van Gestel, 2015), responsible for managing the implementation process. Each coordinator is both the "delegated translator" (Thunus, 2014) of a policy plan as well as the local stakeholders' spokesperson. Furthermore, as for middle managers and boundary spanners, they are responsible for disseminating new ideas and knowledge across organisational and sectoral boundaries (Kimble, Grenier, & Goglio-Primard, 2010; Oldenhof, Stoopendaal, & Putters, 2016; Pichault & Schoenaers, 2012; Radaelli & Sitton-Kent, 2016). Coordinators are thus "more than passive linking pins, transmitting senior manager instructions unquestioningly down the organization" (Harding et al., 2014, p.1215). This knowledge translation and sharing allow to articulate the different stakeholders' visions, interests and to 'align among differences' (Quick & Feldman, 2014). Horizontally, the coordinator draws linkages between local actors, allowing him to produce a coordinated action. Vertically, the coordinator forms the link between street-level implementation actions and formal stated policy (Gofen, 2013) and thus ensure a continuous mutual adaption between 'what is wanted' and 'what is done'. In conclusion, we aim to demonstrate that the coordinator thus emerges as one of the key players of contemporary policy making and implementing processes, to whom a certain political responsibility is indirectly transferred since they directly influence the production and the structuring of the public action.

There are many components and techniques which are driven by populist radical right parties from top to down. The most important issue can be seen here the populist radical right parties' linkages with civil society organizations, especially NGOs and social movements. Therefore, a question occurs from this point of view; How do populist radical right parties manifest themselves over civil society organizations? Does the relationship lead to a top-down mobilization? To address these questions, I need to determinate my framework about far-right political extremism and its populist manifestations. Mudde identifies the three defining features of populism which are also experienced and used in its far-right extremism version. These are anti­establishment, authoritarianism, and nativism. This three features are also crucial points to understand situation of civil society organizations and which are mobilized and organized from above. In first place; nativist character of populist radical right parties provide an identification for represented people, they declare who is "us" and who is "other", and who is "foe", and who is "enemy". This distinction is important, because the most important base and appeal is derived from here. Implication of this distinction to the relationship between the party-civil society organizations can be observed like who is going to be mobilized? Secondly, this party family also manifests itself with authoritarian attitude and it mostly relies on a charismatic leader. This perspective and political style also determinate how relationship will constitute between party and civil society organizations. This is going to bring a new understanding on civil society, social movements and NGOs' literature. How can we identify it as a democratic governance and organization or what? In other words, is there a new way of politics or formation of civil society? Thirdly, the most important onset of the populist radical right parties are derived from their anti­establishment characteristics. In this sense, they represent the voice of ordinary people. From this point, when populist radical right parties destroy established institutions and intellectual ideas in both society and the state level, it generates the new ones to replace them. The civil society organizations are going to be the most important apparatus during this demolition and reconstruction process. The reason why, they are going to use civil society organizations not as an intermediary institution, but also keeping closer to people. In these sense, how should civil society organizations be analyzed; as an objective and non-political institution, or instruments of the populist radical right parties? To develop deeper understanding and apply established research techniques to conduct my research, I will make an empirical study in Turkey and Hungary. With the abovementioned framework, I will analyze the relationship between the governing JDP (Justice and Development Party) and Anatolian Youth Association in Turkey on the one hand and Fidesz and Civic Circle Movement on the other hand. In this sense, 1 aim to put empirical data on my work which is collected by in-depth interviews in Turkish case and secondary material for Hungarian case.