Suchergebnisse

Agency or State Administration Official (state administration office) has wide authority in carrying out government affairs (executive). With such wide authority it tends to be misused so as to cause harm and injustice on the part of the community, therefore there must be other institutions that control it. Based on the theory of political trias politics of the executive is politically controlled by the legislative and judicially controlled by the judiciary, because the state administrative officer executive function, the judicial jurisdiction that controls juridically is the court of state administration. In addition, Public services are the basic social rights of the society (social rights). Social rights is the right to receive, the right to receive from the government, therefore the government is obliged to provide the best service to the public. However, in the implementation of public services has not been obtained by the community well. The Governance and Decentralization Survey (GDS) 2002 found three important issues that occur in the field of public service provision: first, the magnitude of service discrimination, Secondly the absence of certainty of cost and service time; third, low level of public satisfaction on public services. From this situation opens opportunities for government officials to perform maladministration actions in public services. The number of maladministration actions in public service can be proven with data that has been reported by Ombudsman RI every year the graph always go up. Therefore, the construction of legal responsibility for maladministration actions carried out by government officials in public services should be reformulated immediately.

"In recent years, new areas of biology, especially epigenetics and neuroscience, have enthralled the public imagination. They have been used as powerful arguments for developing social policy in a particular direction, from early intervention in the lives of disadvantaged children to seeking 'biomarkers' as identifiers of criminality. This timely book, written by leading commentators, critically examines the capabilities and limitations of these biotechnologies, exploring their implications for policy and practice. The book will enable social scientists, policy makers, practitioners and interested general readers to understand how the new biologies of epigenetics and neuroscience have increasingly influenced the fields of family policy, mental health, child development and criminal justice. The book will facilitate much needed debate about what makes a good society and how best to build one. It also draws attention to the ways that the uncertainties of the original science are lost in their translation into the everyday world of practice and policy"

Mentoring Children and Young People for Social Inclusion critically analyses the challenges and possibilities of mentoring approaches to youth welfare and equality. It explores existing youth mentoring programmes targeted towards youth in care, immigrant, and refugee populations, and considers the extent to which these can aid social inclusion. The book compiles works by scholars from different countries focused on how child and youth mentoring has been changing globally in recent years and how these changes are identified and approached in different contexts. The book seeks to address what empowering youth means in different socio-political contexts, how mentoring is approached by governments and NGOs, and how these approaches shape mentoring relationships. It provides insights on how mentoring can tackle structural inequalities and work towards child and youth empowerment. This book will be of great interest for academics, scholars, and postgraduate students in the area of inclusive education and mentoring. It will also be useful reading for social workers, community developers, and practitioners working in NGOs, as well as for governments looking for innovative ways to generate interventions in the educational and social arena.

Food insecurity remains a problem in developing countries yet more than 40 million Kenyans live in dry lands, particularly and undertake agriculture as the prime livelihood activity. However, little is known about gender and generational sustainable intensification. This paper synthesised the available empirical evidence and nuanced the socio-economic dimensions of smallholder farmers, in Kenya, and reproduced the information to support policies and improve practices for sustainable agriculture. The government of Kenya has designed various policies for youth and women empowerment and entrepreneurship. However, there was found to be systematic under-representation of women and youth in policy making process that leads to perpetuation of food insecurity. Furthermore, the policies face challenges of political management, policy pluralism and sometimes lack of policy enforcement plan. Review of literature revealed that the participation of youth in the agriculture sector was low due to high production and marketing risks, land tenure insecurity, inadequacies in extension and financial services. Women are faced with inequality, asymmetry in the production and marketing information, land tenure insecurities and multiple task at household and farm level. Yet, the women and youth are a crucial group in achieving the sustainable development goals 2030 and Kenyan Vision 2030. The process of policy design and development should involve women and youth. Indigenous knowledge and creativity held by women and youth should be integrated with science through mutual learning in design and development of policies. Also, policy makers should take into account the differential vulnerabilities of men, youth and women farmers to environmental and social concerns.

This article focuses on the progress of the Portuguese economy under Salazar's successor, Marcelo Caetano (1968-74). It examines some of its chief features of economic development in this period, noting that change was often double-edged and created new problems and challenges.
Eventually, the direction of the economy became another issue that divided the supporters of the dictatorship as the international crisis triggered by the oil price rises imposed by OPEC in 1973 blew the regime's economic strategy off course. It is argued here that, while it was not
the principal reason for Caetano's demise, the state of the economy did play a significant part in weakening the regime's foundations.