Suchergebnisse

From a governmental perspective, multiculturalism tends to be reduced to a hollow celebration of superficial differences, a strategic policy to control and contain forms of difference that actually require a process of community awareness to open towards the other, rather than merely tolerate it. This essay examines the writing of several Mexican-Americans and Chicano authors through the approach of their thought border. Gloria Anzaldúa's and Cherrie Moraga's poems illuminate perspectives of such conceptual strength as Chandra Talpade Mohanty's most theoretical and academic discourse. The poets, performative artists and academics I consider in this work build intercultural bridges as solidary and collective response against commercial, military and government powers who speak of erasing borders when it comes to the free flow of money and hand cheap labor, but that want close them to prohibit the free flow of ideas and creative beings who seek a better life. ; Desde una perspectiva gubernamental, el multiculturalismo tiende a reducirse a una hueca celebración de diferencias superficiales; una política estratégica para controlar y contener las formas de diferencia que en realidad requieren un proceso de conscientización comunitaria para abrirse hacia el otro, en vez de simplemente tolerarlo. Este ensayo examina la escritura de varios autores mexicano-americanos y chicanas/os a través del enfoque de su pensamiento fronterizo. Poemas de Gloria Anzaldúa y Cherríe Moraga iluminan perspectives con tanta fuerza conceptual como el discurso más teórico-académico de Chandra Talpade Mohanty. Tanto los poetas, los artistas performativos y los académicos que considero en este trabajo construyen puentes interculturales como respuesta colectiva y solidaria en contra de los poderes comerciales, militares, y gubernamentales que hablan de borrar las fronteras cuando se trata del libre flujo de dinero y mano de obra barata, pero que las quieren cerrar para prohibir el flujo libre de ideas creativas y seres que buscan una vida mejor.

This thesis studies the effects of multi-professional primary care structures (MSPs) considered as a policy instrument that contributes to rationalizing the ambulatory health care sector. Introduced in France at the end of the 2000s and bringing together self-employed primary care professionals, mainly GPs and paramedics, these new organizations are presented by the State and a growing number of professionals as one of the main responses to the problem of care access, making it possible to attract GPs to certain territories and facilitate the transfer of tasks to paramedics. In a predominantly private sector, the government has chosen an incentive and contractual policy to encourage professionals to regroup in MSPs, which involves the labeling of structures by the health administration and the allocation of new remunerations by the health insurance, in addition to individual fee-for-service revenues. Without calling into question their private status, this contractual relationship comes with rules and procedures, unprecedented in the private sector, which affect care access, types of care services and coordination between professionals. Why do self-employed practitioners willingly enter into a contractual relationship that inherently limits their sacrosanct autonomy? What are the effects of these new procedures on their practices? Through a qualitative sociological analysis at both national and local levels in 6 MSPs, we show that professionals manage to maintain their autonomy by appropriating the new rationalization procedures in order to limit their constraining dimension and even turn them into a new resource. Moreover, the organizational context creates new situations of cooperation leading to a reconfiguration of professional jurisdictions. ; Cette thèse étudie les effets des Maisons de Santé Pluriprofessionnelles, considérées comme un instrument d'action publique participant d'un processus de rationalisation du secteur ambulatoire. Introduites à la fin des années 2000 en France et regroupant des ...

The diplomatic relations between the Medici Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Safavid Persia constitute a very interesting subject of study in the context of deepening of relations between Europe and what was called the 'Levant.' Although there were never any practical political or commercial consequences, the analysis of the Medicis' 'Persian diplomacy' may still reveal something about diplomacy in the early modern period, its practices and, more generally, how Europe and Persia 'looked at' and related to each other. The documentation produced by the grand ducal secretariat in the course of more than a century of roughly regular interaction is incredibly rich and varied and even if some of it is already known, a very large part of it remains unexploited.The main aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the genesis and development of diplomatic relations between Tuscany and Persia in the seventeenth century through careful and scrupulous archive research and the continuous comparison of manuscript and printed sources with recent studies. The aim is to frame these relations within a broader Mediterranean and global context in which knowledge, the ability to gather information and, to a certain extent, the ambition to be able to project oneself beyond one's own 'local' dimension, also played an important role. In addition to an in-depth analysis of Medici-Safavid diplomacy in the strict sense, the research also aims to provide a new 'case study' of modern diplomacy, its practices and networks. Finally, thanks to the identification of unpublished documentation, its comparative analysis with that which is known (and a reinterpretation of this through new perspectives) and the publication of several documents in the thesis, the research also aims to provide a solid corpus of sources on which to base further future research work. ; Les rapports diplomatiques entre le Grand-Duché de Toscane des Médicis et la Perse safavide au XVIIe siècle constituent un sujet d'étude très intéressant concernant l'approfondissement des relations ...

Summary. Objective/Context: in 1872, indigenous leader Santiago Mayas was murdered. The events that led to this outcome, together with the political race in Mayas in general, highlight the challenges faced by indigenous communities in Talamanca, a border area located in south-eastern Costa Rica. At the time of Mayas, talamanqueños were being hit by the parallel, albeit sometimes discording, progress in the capitalist economy and the system of national states. Methodology: the use of primary sources created by a variety of actors makes it possible to critically read the few and unilateral stories previously used to interpret this period. Originality: this work shows that the talamanquean world of the time, like the political activities of the Mayas cake, was substantially different from what has been accepted so far. Far from being isolated from the world or frozen in time, Talamanca was an area where they converged and struck external political and economic interests. Maybe was not a tidal of few lights, but a social actor who tried to navigate a complex and unstable environment. Conclusions: in the mid-19th century Talamanca was flooded by a multitude of external pressures. Officers of the incipient global capitalism, together with officials from Colombia and Costa Rica, were rivalled to control their territory, resources and inhabitants. At the same time, the notions and political structures of indigenous bribris and cabinets were changing to survive in the new environment. Mayas' initial success in finding his own path in the midst of this aggrieved context transformed it into a powerful figure. In the long run, growing contradictions within indigenous communities, as well as persistent machinery of external forces, put it in an unsustainable position, paving the way for its collapse. ; Resumen. Objetivo/Contexto: en 1872 fue asesinado el líder indígena Santiago Mayas. Los eventos que llevaron a este desenlace, junto con la carrera política de Mayas en general, visibilizan los desafíos que enfrentaban las ...

International audience In his work, the Mexican sculptor Alfredo López Casanova pushes the boundaries of both art and politics. For Violence: An international journal, he takes a look back at his personal and collective trajectory, from his early and "natural" political and social commitment in his neighborhood to the tragic reality of contemporary Mexico. He reflects on several of his previous individual works, such as the bronze sculpture Fray Antonio Alcalde, and collective projects he is a part of, such as "Huellas de la Memoria" (Footprints of Memory). For the latter initiative, the intimate recollections of the families of disappeared persons are engraved on the soles of shoes, powerfully illustrating how the construction of memory goes hand in hand with calls for justice and truth.Author biographiesAlfredo López Casanova is a Mexican sculptor from the city of Guadalajara. He studied at the University of Guadalajara's School of Plastic Arts and has won several sculpture awards and commissions. He is the creator of more than 20 public works, both figurative and geometric, in a number of cities, including Guadalajara, Mexico City, and Havana (Cuba). Alfredo López Casanova is also well known for his long-standing political and social commitment to several causes. In recent years he has been particularly involved with the relatives of the disappeared, especially through his participation in the Footprints of Memory collective, which carries out the important work of denunciation, awareness-raising, and memory for the disappeared in Mexico and other parts of the worldSabrina Melenotte is a research fellow at the Research Institute for Development (IRD), a member of the Migrations and Societies Research Unit (URMIS), and a member of the editorial board of Violence: An international journal. Following a doctoral research on the armed conflict in theChiapas Highlands region (Mexico), she now conducts her political anthropology research on missing persons and the government of the dead in Mexico. Her forthcoming ...

Summary This article presents the results of a cogenerative action research, the objective of which was to assess a teaching module designed from the Chilean presidential election in 2017, which was aimed at developing citizen competences and encouraging expectations of future electoral participation in young people in secondary schools. To take it forward, a collaborative partnership was established between the professional research team and a school teacher, following Greenwood and Levin's approaches. In particular, 29 students inquired and discussed for four weeks the proposals of the various candidates and candidates, as well as the socially living issues associated with them. It was subsequently explored in his ideas on the activities carried out, by means of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and a discussion group. In addition, classroom observations were made and the teacher was interviewed. The information obtained was then processed on the basis of the qualitative analysis method of content. The results point to the effectiveness of the module put in place in the development of citizens' competences and to a high assessment of the student with regard to the discussion of the social reality in classes in an atmosphere of respect for the various opinions. The conclusions set out a number of strengths and weaknesses to be taken into account in their future applications. They also highlight the active role of students and the importance of discussing social living issues in civic education, and it is therefore suggested that such elements be considered in the new Chilean citizenship subject. ; Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación-acción cogenerativa, cuyo objetivo de indagación fue valorar un módulo didáctico diseñado a partir de la elección presidencial chilena de 2017, el cual estuvo destinado al desarrollo de competencias ciudadanas y al incentivo de las expectativas de participación electoral futura en jóvenes de secundaria. Para llevarla adelante, se estableció ...

national audience With the COVID-19 outbreak, vaccination has once again become a continuous object of social and political concern. The daily monitoring of the number of doses administered, the order in which people should be vaccinated, conflicts of interest and accelerated authorisation procedures, monitoring of adverse effects and effectiveness, the responsibility attributed to non-vaccinated people, are all controversial topics dealt with on a daily basis in the media, on social media, in families. Jennifer Reich describes to us on a small scale a similar world in his book based on a field mainly carried out in Colorado. It focuses on parents and families who reject all or part of the vaccination recommendations for children. Most often silent, with few activists, they make a form of informed choice which they place at the heart of their parenthood vis-à-vis public authorities and institutions, considering vaccinations as an indispensable pillar of collective and public health. This rich monography calls for further work, perhaps more easily achievable in the current epidemic context, in order to better understand how well collective and governmental constraints can be confronted with other logic, reasoning, based on diffuse and often unvisible knowledge, values and practices. ; National audience Avec l'épidémie de COVID-19, la vaccination est redevenue un objet continu de préoccupation sociale et politique.Le suivi quotidien du nombre dedoses administrées, l'ordre suivant lequel les personnes devraient être vaccinées, les conflits d'intérêt et les procéduresaccélérées d'autorisation, le suivi des effets indésirables et de l'efficacité, laresponsabilité attribuée aux non-vaccinés, sont autant de sujets controversés traités quotidiennement dans les médias, sur les réseaux sociaux, dans les familles. Dans son ouvrage fondé sur un terrain principalement mené dans le Colorado, Jennifer Reich nous décrit à toute petite échelle un monde similaire. Elle s'intéresse en effet aux parents et aux familles qui ...

Summary In this investigation, the performance of two titanium dioxide photocatalysts, one sensitised with a copper trimer (Cu3 (dpa) 4Cl2) (dpa = 2,2 ´-dipyridilamine), was evaluated and the other with a cobalt trimer (Co3 (dpa) 4Cl2) specifically in the photoreduction of carbon dioxide in aqueous medium. In a first experimental step, the TiO2 sensitisation process, which occurs in two successive reactions, was studied using a microwave reactor: on the first, the TiO2 surface is operated with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) which acts as a binder molecule between TiO2 and the respective trimer; then, in the second reaction, the metal trimer is anchored. Three levels of temperature, power and reaction time were analysed for each of the two reactions; however, robust Taguchi statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference between treatments for the selected conditions. As a result, it was established that for the sensitisation process of the photocatalysts it is possible to work under the following conditions without affecting the final composition of each catalyst: 70 °C, 100 W and 5 min at the PABA operation stage and 80 °C, 150 W and 5 min at the anchor of both dyes. In the second experimental stage, the photocatalysts synthesised for CO2 reduction in aqueous medium were evaluated using a medium pressure ultraviolet lamp and a photoreactor at atmospheric pressure and 25 °C. The catalyst with the best performance was sensitised to the cobalt trimer, as it showed increased production of methane and carbon monoxide; the copper sensitised catalyst did not produce quantifiable carbon monoxide generation and methane production was considerably lower. The production of hydrogen by both catalysts was particularly important for the catalyst sensitised with the copper trimer. No other CO2 reduction products were detected in the liquid phase. ; Resumen En la presente investigación, se evaluó el desempeño de dos fotocatalizadores de dióxido de titanio, uno sensibilizado con un trímero de cobre ...

If "prostitution" is currently constituted in France as a public problem, this phenomenon is oftenonly presented under the angle of a relationship between men and women. This thesis proposes toexplore the practices and paths of men who have sexual relations with men in exchange for financialremuneration, and who use the Internet as a meeting interface to do so. At the crossroad of sociologyof work, deviance, digital and gender studies, this works proposes, by an interactionist perspective,to explore the different stages and configurations of this type of sex work, from the carrier entry tothe management of time, passing by the stratetegies used on the creation of an electronic avatarused as a digital native way of self-presentation, to the analysis of interactions lead by the website'sinterface and the norms of conduct that happen in the face-to-face encounter. This PhD thesis isbased on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of digital espaces and online profiles, but also onthe speech of forty escort boys, in order to reconstruct their life and work experience, their usageof the platform and also their practices. The thesis shows the plurality of their paths, theirmotivations such as the meaning given to their engagement in prostitutional practices, but it alsomakes emerge the activity as a service profession imposing a number of specific know-hows andskills that urges an emotional work that the transition from the street to the screen seems to havereinforced. That reinforcement happens due to the privatization of the meeting places, the service'stemporal stretch, as well as the specific logic created by the use of online platforms. Finally, thethesis shows that if male prostituition is largely absent from political, media and scientificdiscourses, it remains an activity fueled with a two sided stigma (immoral or victim prostitute) thatneeds to be put at a distance and in which impacts the relationship between escort-boys and theirrelatives or even possible projections. ; Si « la prostitution » est ...

International audience ; The social and solidarity-based economy (SSE) plays a pivotal role in the territorial processing of public problems, as evidenced by the French Territorial Groupings of Economic Cooperation (TGEC). Far from limiting itself to an addition of corporate legal statuses, the SSE aims here at nurturing the very models of territorial developments. Significantly, the South Aquitaine TGEC, based in Tarnos (Landes) aggregates around twenty SSE bodies, public authorities and for-profit companies within one project of territorial cooperation. Constituting a TGEC consists in a discrete and contained construction and processing of territorial public problems. Nevertheless, public problems are subject to constant political work on the part of stakeholders. This political work aims first at bringing together initially distinct sector-based public problems (youth employment, social and economic development, equilibrium between productive and residential economy, gender equality, creation of economic activity, territorial short circuits, small farming, food) in order to merge them into a shared territorial project. The political work then aims at harmonizing distinct social constructions of public problems, varying according to the territories engaged in the cooperation. These public problems can aggregate on a virtuous manner, but they can also be subject to potential tensions when prioritization is needed. ; L'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) joue un rôle central dans l'inscription territoriale des problèmes publics, comme en témoigne en France le cas des pôles territoriaux de coopération économique (PTCE). Loin de se limiter à une addition de statuts entrepreneuriaux, l'ESS ambitionne ici de nourrir les modèles de développement territorial. À ce titre, le PTCE Sud Aquitaine, basé à Tarnos (Landes), associe une vingtaine de structures de l'ESS, collectivités et acteurs privés marchands dans une démarche de coopération territoriale. La constitution du PTCE témoigne d'un registre de construction et de ...

Introduction and objectives: Recurrence rates for patients presenting with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) can be as high as 60% during the first year after a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Currently, an immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy (IPOIC) is recommended for the prevention of recurrences in patients with low to intermediate risk disease. Although in real clinical practice this specific instillation of chemotherapy has many difficulties to be standardized, including its contraindications (suspected or confirmed bladder perforation, wide or extensive resection and, continuous bladder irrigation requirement), which will only make it feasible for around 30% of patients. We propose in this controlled study, to administer an immediate neoadjuvant instillation of chemotherapy (INAIC), which can be applied technically to all patients, no matter the surgical outcomes and compare it with a control group. We expect to find a reduction in the recurrence rate in the experimental group of at least 15%. Methods: We designed a phase IV, randomized, controlled, open label clinical trial. Main inclusion criteria are: patients with a clinical diagnosis of localized, papillary-type bladder cancer (suspected low to intermediate risk) with a disease-free interval of at least 6 months. Eligible patients will be allocated into group A (INAIC plus TURBT) or group B (TURBT) using a computer-generated block randomization sequence/ratio 1:1. Time to recurrence of both groups will be analyzed and compared using Kaplan- Meier estimates, log-rank tests and, Cox-regression. Univariate and multivariate analyzes will be performed to determine factors which influence recurrence. The study has received the approval of the Ethics Committee for Drug Research (CEIm) of La Paz University Hospital and the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products ; This study received funding from grants ''Rafael Molla y Rodrigo" from the Foundation for Research in Urology (Spanish Urological Association) and Immunothercan-CM(B2017/BM D3733) from the Local Government of the Community of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

The diplomatic relations between the Medici Grand Duchy of Tuscany and Safavid Persia constitute a very interesting subject of study in the context of deepening of relations between Europe and what was called the 'Levant.' Although there were never any practical political or commercial consequences, the analysis of the Medicis' 'Persian diplomacy' may still reveal something about diplomacy in the early modern period, its practices and, more generally, how Europe and Persia 'looked at' and related to each other. The documentation produced by the grand ducal secretariat in the course of more than a century of roughly regular interaction is incredibly rich and varied and even if some of it is already known, a very large part of it remains unexploited.The main aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the genesis and development of diplomatic relations between Tuscany and Persia in the seventeenth century through careful and scrupulous archive research and the continuous comparison of manuscript and printed sources with recent studies. The aim is to frame these relations within a broader Mediterranean and global context in which knowledge, the ability to gather information and, to a certain extent, the ambition to be able to project oneself beyond one's own 'local' dimension, also played an important role. In addition to an in-depth analysis of Medici-Safavid diplomacy in the strict sense, the research also aims to provide a new 'case study' of modern diplomacy, its practices and networks. Finally, thanks to the identification of unpublished documentation, its comparative analysis with that which is known (and a reinterpretation of this through new perspectives) and the publication of several documents in the thesis, the research also aims to provide a solid corpus of sources on which to base further future research work. ; Les rapports diplomatiques entre le Grand-Duché de Toscane des Médicis et la Perse safavide au XVIIe siècle constituent un sujet d'étude très intéressant concernant l'approfondissement des relations ...

While utopias of (political) autonomy or an independent (Tuareg) state have for long been part and parcel of internal debates among Tuareg, it was only recently that the claim for independence was formulated to the outside world. A Tuareg state, Azawad, was even put into practice, albeit for some months only. A second characteristic is that there has never been a serious attempt at integrating all Tuareg, regardless of the country they are living in, into a unique nation-state. Is the 'national identity' of the respective post-colonial states so strong that it supplants the 'claim for independence'? Or is the pre-colonial form of political organisation among Tuareg, the regional drum-group (ettebel), still so vivid that it impedes the establishment of a state that would encompass all Tuareg? Apart from the independence movement MNLA (Mouvement National pour la Libération de l'Azawad) operating in Northern Mali, there are Islamist groups which fight for the spread of an Islamic mode of life. Some of these succeeded in recruiting Tuareg, particularly among the Tuareg of the Kidal region. The appeal of the 'Islamic claim' to the Kidal Tuareg goes back to their genesis as a political entity during the period of colonial conquest when the French installed a regional 'drum-group' within the framework of administrative chieftainship. As nearly all regional Tuareg claim descent from members of the Islamic army that conquered North Africa in the 7th century, regional power differs from power structures in all other regions inhabited by Tuareg. It is based on a double legitimacy: that of Islamic nobility, and that of the Tuareg warrior class. For several months, however, there has been ideological dissent among the Tuareg followers of the Islamic movements. This debate revolves around several issues, particularly the question as to whether or not the Islamic mode of life is to be limited to the sole region of Kidal.

The authors would like to thank the children and their parents for their participation in the study. ; High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and sodium consumption is related to high BP. Moreover, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) influence BP. For this reason, we investigated whether: 1) children with risk of elevated BP had a higher consumption frequency (CF) of energy-dense salty foods (EDSF), high-sugary foods (HSF) and SSB or a low DASH score; and 2) children with a higher CF of EDSF showed a worse anthropometric and metabolic profile. Anthropometry, BP and general biochemical parameters were measured in 687 Spanish children (5–16 years) with normal or excess weight. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate EDSF, HSF and SSB consumption, and modified DASH score. Results showed that sex and pubertal stage influenced modified DASH score. Diastolic hypertension was associated to higher CF of EDSF in the whole sample and to higher CF of SSB in pubertal children, both independently of nutritional status. In addition, CF of EDSF was positively associated with CF of HSF and SSB and inversely associated with modified DASH score. Targeted policies and intervention programs, specific for different age ranges, should be established that aim to reduce salt consumption from snacks and processed foods, which could reduce HSF and SSB consumption as well. ; Funded by the Ministry for Science and Innovation (GENOBOX PI11/01425, PI11/02042, PI11/02059; PUBMEP PI16/00871, PI16/01301, PI16/012) and SAMID (RD08/0072/0028) and CIBEROBN (CB15/00131, CB15/00043) networks. AIR was funded by a Juan de la Cierva-Formación stipend (FJCI-2014-19795). GPG was funded by a predoctoral fellowship from the Government of Aragón.

Comunicació presentada al I International Conference of language Networking (Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain 16 – 20 July, 2012) ; Residential buildings are great producers of CO2 while the current energy context is trying to minimize these emissions into the atmosphere. In order to achieve the requirements imposed by legislation, we must improve the energy performance of buildings by reducing energy consumed in heating and cooling. The research presented here focuses on the rehabilitation of existing buildings, where there is the greatest potential for savings. We propose the renovation of the thermal envelope of existing buildings applying only passive measures. We selected a building of homes with architectural value as a prototype for this study, which can be extended to other buildings with similar characteristics and rating in the future. Firstly, we analysed the existing building and obtained a rating level energy of E. After applying several improvements involving the implementation of thermal insulation, we determined a rating of D. Even though this is a positive result, the objective was to reach a rating at least of C. In order to do this we needed to analyse the exact influence of the different elements on the energy performance of the building and implement those improvements that will have a greater impact. We ran several simulations in order to quantify different effects and found that facades and windows are the most decisive items on improving the rating of this particular building. Finally, we implemented these measures in the thermal envelope of the building and reached a rating level energy of C. Simulation of the effect improvements allowed us to determine the savings in energy consumption due to the rehabilitation of the building as well as the reduction of CO2 emissions.