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Immigration is the driving force behind the rapidly growing ethnic, racial, and religious diversity of Western welfare states. This essay reviews research on the effects of immigration and diversity on the political support for redistributive social programs. A growing body of scholarship finds negative relationships between indicators of ethnic heterogeneity and measures of immigration, on the one hand, and attitudes towards welfare measures and state expenditures on welfare, on the other. Responding to these results, scholars have searched for mediating factors that slow or reverse these effects. As empirical studies multiply it is important to develop theories to make sense of the data. I discuss in-group and out-group theory, reciprocal altruism, and the neoDarwinian theory of ethnic nepotism. I argue that while no theory has been shown to be clearly superior to the others, neoDarwinism is the most comprehensive and should not be dismissed because of its pessimistic implications for immigration, diversity, and welfare states.

This book offers a practical guide to the most pressing ethical issues faced by those working in food manufacturing and associated industries. Early chapters look at the fundamentals of ethical thinking and how lessons of medical ethics might be applied to the food industry. The book then addresses some issues specifically relevant to the food industry, including treatment of animals; the use of genetically modified organisms; food product advertising; health claims and sustainability. Several further chapters present case studies which show how ethical thinking can be applied in real life examples.This volume should be on the desk of every food industry professional responsible for important decisions about science, marketing, resources, sustainability, the environment and people.

Internal communications strategy influences and determines the way employees behave, observe, and maintain good vibes in their respective workplace. No company should allow the occurrence of inefficient communication between their workers and the management bodies, otherwise, it is doomed for failure. What happens inside organizations in terms of administering good communication channels, affects their business success equally so as to what happens outside them when public relations staff brings forth all the successful results to the society at large. Internal communication is very often neglected, which only shows the immaturity and lack of knowledge or incompetence of the leading figures in an organization about effective communication. This paper deals with the efficient execution of internal communication and its importance for the successful ranking and positioning of any business, whether it be small or big. First, it examines the main prerequisites for success such as trust and connecting with the employees and their establishment in big and small businesses as well, because small organizations find it easier to implement good internal communications than the big ones. Second, the paper explores higher education organizations and their ways to achieve excellent results through the positive impact of running good internal communication to the satisfaction of their employees, management bodies, and their wider community. The paper also argues that the essential preconditions of the organization's good positioning are mutual trust, stemming from the efficient internal communication strategy implementation, and the creation of a good business climate. Labour market as a catalyst and a sieve distinguishes good from bad, recognizes good social interrelating competencies focusing on perceiving identities and favourable working contexts. Third, the paper deals with the working place language knowledge which facilitates human resources management, enables efficient implementation of the internal communication strategy, and provides for the efficient running of the organization. Conclusions are that the successful implementation of the all above said will consequently result in a good positioning and high ranking of the organization on the volatile labour market.

Flexibility in work schedule and work location have been suggested as being work features that may promote prolonged employment among older workers. This study focuses on the question whether access to workplace flexibility differs between male and female older workers and how potential differences can be explained. Analyses are based on data collected in 2015 among 4,813 Dutch older workers (age 60-65 years), who were employed in the government, education, care, and welfare sectors. Results show that the studied women on average perceive to have less workplace flexibility than men, both in work schedule and in work location. The gender difference in perceived location flexibility can be fully explained by differences in the human capital and job characteristics of male and female older workers. The gender difference in perceived schedule flexibility can be captured less clearly by these factors. This disadvantaged position of late-career women warrants attention in discussions about prolonged employment.

Over the past decade, the field of biocultural diversity has arisen as an area of transdisciplinary research concerned with investigating the links between the world's linguistic, cultural, and biological diversity as manifestations of the diversity of life. The impetus for the emergence of this field came from the observation that all three diversities are under threat by some of the same forces and from the perception that loss of diversity at all levels spells dramatic consequences for humanity and the earth. Accordingly, the field of biocultural diversity has developed with both a theoretical and a practical side, the latter focusing on on-the-ground work and policy, as well as with an ethics and human rights component. This review provides some background on the historical antecedents and beginnings of this field and on its philosophical and ethical underpinnings, and then surveys the key literature on biocultural diversity, concentrating on three main aspects: global and regional studies on the links between linguistic, cultural, and biological diversity; the measurement and assessment of biocultural diversity; and the protection and maintenance of biocultural diversity. The review concludes with some considerations about future prospects for this emerging field.