Suchergebnisse

AbstractAimsTo analyze the epidemiological profile and quality of life (QoL) of patients with special needs and overload their caregivers.Methods and resultsHealth‐related QoL was assessed in a quantitative, observational, cross‐sectional study of prospective characteristics using the WHOQOL‐BREF and ZARIT‐22 questionnaires. This study included 122 patients were included; they were divided into patients without caregiver assistance (n = 63) who answered WHOQOL‐BREF, 49 caregivers (n = 49) who responded to ZARIT‐22, and 10 patients were secondarily caregivers of their parents and answered the ZARIT‐22 + WHOQOL‐BREF questionnaires. The WHOQOL‐BREF general score was 71.94 ± 10.58, and patients born in urban areas and married had positive correlations (p < .05) with the QoL scores in the physical and social domains. ZARIT‐22 scores showed an average of 58.63 ± 14.07. Data cross‐checking revealed that patients of white races (p = .030) and who lived in urban regions (p = .003) generated less overload to caregivers.ConclusionIn the WHOQOL‐BREF analysis, family income was a factor with direct impact, and all caregivers referred to moderate‐to‐high overload, with an increase in prevalence as far away from the service the patient resides.

Yasama faaliyetleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar genellikle partilerin ve milletvekillerinin belirli dönemlerdeki ulusal ve yerel çalışmalarına odaklanmaktadır. Kanun tasarı ve tekliflerinin yasalaşma süreçlerine ilişkin yasama dönemlerine ait verilerin incelenmesi ise daha az araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nin 22., 23., 24., 25. ve 26. yasama dönemlerindeki kanun tasarı ve tekliflerini inceleyerek, dönemsel ve bu dönemlerin tamamında değişkenlik göstermeyen partilerin yasa yapma sürecindeki etkilerini tartışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 22., 23., 24., 25. ve 26. yasama dönemlerindeki tüm kanun tasarı ve teklifleri incelenerek kanunlaşan, hükümsüz olan ve karar olan kanun tasarı ve tekliflerine ait veriler tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen kanun tasarı ve tekliflerine dönemsel olarak siyasi partilerin bireysel katkıları, ortak katkıları ve beş dönemde de mecliste bulunan diğer siyasi partilerin katkıları hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki, 22., 23., 24., 25. ve 26. yasama dönemleri faaliyetlerinden esas alınmış olan 7.664 adet kanun tasarısı ve teklifi incelenirken, kanunlaşan tasarı/teklif sayısı ölçütleri kullanılmış olup buna göre 22. yasama dönemindeki kanunlaşan frekansında, yasama verimliliği yüksek düzeydedir.

Background: Health policy is a set of comprehensive principles and legislations that guide how healthcare should be effectively delivered in the community. Medical schools should prepare students to undertake managerial responsibilities by incorporating health policy into the curriculum to deal with the intricacies of healthcare systems and their clinical roles in their future professional careers. Objective: To examine medical students' perception at a Public University in Malaysia regarding teaching health policy and their participation in health policy roles. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study using universal sampling was carried out among the medical students using a paper-based questionnaire to collect the data. Results: Most respondents opined their willingness to learn health policy (80.9%) and that teaching health policy (83.6%) should be compulsory for medical students. The respondents thought health policy should be introduced earlier in Year 1 or 2. The student scores on their knowledge regarding health policy and year of study were significantly associated with their involvement in the health policy roles in both the simple and multiple logistic regression. Both statistical tests reported higher participation in health policy roles with the higher year of study, though only Year 4 and 5 were significant in the simple logistic regression and only Year 5 in the multiple logistic regression compared to Year 1. On the other hand, age and type of admission show significant results only in the simple logistic regression, while the race was only significant at the multivariate level. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that most respondents showed their willingness to learn health policy, participate in the health policy programs, and recommend that health policy be considered an essential topic in the medical curriculum, which should be taught right from the first year of medical school. We recommend encouraging students' participation in health policy activities.

Background: Health policy is a set of comprehensive principles and legislations that guide how healthcare should be effectively delivered in the community. Medical schools should prepare students to undertake managerial responsibilities by incorporating health policy into the curriculum to deal with the intricacies of healthcare systems and their clinical roles in their future professional careers. Objective: To examine medical students' perception at a Public University in Malaysia regarding teaching health policy and their participation in health policy roles. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study using universal sampling was carried out among the medical students using a paper-based questionnaire to collect the data. Results: Most respondents opined their willingness to learn health policy (80.9%) and that teaching health policy (83.6%) should be compulsory for medical students. The respondents thought health policy should be introduced earlier in Year 1 or 2. The student scores on their knowledge regarding health policy and year of study were significantly associated with their involvement in the health policy roles in both the simple and multiple logistic regression. Both statistical tests reported higher participation in health policy roles with the higher year of study, though only Year 4 and 5 were significant in the simple logistic regression and only Year 5 in the multiple logistic regression compared to Year 1. On the other hand, age and type of admission show significant results only in the simple logistic regression, while the race was only significant at the multivariate level. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that most respondents showed their willingness to learn health policy, participate in the health policy programs, and recommend that health policy be considered an essential topic in the medical curriculum, which should be taught right from the first year of medical school. We recommend encouraging students' participation in health policy activities.

"Nanocrystalline double layered La1.2R0.2Ca1.6Mn2O7 manganites with R = Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er were synthesized by sol-gel method. The XRD measurements indicate that all samples are single phase with a Sr3Ti2O7-type tetragonal (I4/mmm) structure and mean crystallite sizes between 22 nm and 27 nm. The magnetic measurements evidence a spin-glass like behavior at low temperatures for all samples, which may be due to frustration of random competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions together with the anisotropy originating from the layered structure. A moderate magnetocaloric effect was found for all samples, with the maximum entropy change located at temperatures near the magnetic transition ones, but high RCP(S) values were obtained due to the broadened magnetic entropy curves. Keywords: nanoparticles, double layered perovskite, magnetocaloric effect. "

The research features letters written by soldiers of the Great Patriotic War. It focuses on the written speech skills of military letter-writers and their written speech personalities. The study involved the method of scientific description and the comparative analysis. The article introduces such terms as natural written speech, linguistic personality, written speech personality, and text. War correspondence is an example of natural written speech. Based on N. B. Lebedeva's authentic typology of the written-speech personality, the authors defined five types of linguistic personalities and arranged them according to the inclusion of the letter-writer in the written code. The scale ranges from letter-writers with a poor command of the written language and those who easily switched from oral to written speech. The latter were eager to use the written channel of communication as a means of self-expression. ; Объект исследования – авторы армейских писем. Предмет – способность авторов фронтовых писем к письменно-речевой деятельности. Цель – выявить типы письменно-речевых личностей авторов военных писем. В качестве методов исследования были использованы метод научного описания и сопоставительный метод. Определяетсятерминологический аппарат исследования (рассматриваются понятия естественная письменная речь, языковая личность, письменно-языковая личность, текст); анализируются оригинальные фронтовые письма рядовых носителей языка, прошедших войну. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что в научный оборот введен новый материал: описаны фронтовые письма, представляющие собой особый объект лингвистики – естественную письменную речь. В результате на основании разработанной Н. Б. Лебедевой типологии письменно-речевой личности рядовых носителей языка выявлено и охарактеризовано пять типов языковых личностей. С учетом полученных результатов выстраивается шкала включенности авторов армейских писем в письменный код. На одном полюсе находятся авторы, являющиеся далекими от письменной культуры людьми, слабо владеющими нормами ...

Die Arbeit diskutiert die Auswirkungen von Technik auf die Inhaltsgestaltung von Verträgen. So können heute etwa E-Books mit einer technischen Schutzmaßnahme versehen werden, die eine Kopiermöglichkeit ausschließt. Eine privatrechtliche Vereinbarung, wonach das Buch nicht mehr kopiert werden darf, ist nicht mehr nötig. Wenn aber eine Vertragspartei Handlungen durch technische Mittel ausschließen kann, weil die Architektur digitaler Güter dies zulässt, tritt diese Architektur an die Stelle der gesetzlichen Regelung. Die Arbeit untersucht daher, welchen Grenzen diese technischen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten unterliegen und welche Auswirkungen ihre Verwendung auf das Institut der Vertragsfreiheit hat. Denn wenn eine vertragliche Regelung durch technisch-faktische Gestaltung ersetzt wird, drohen Regelungen wie §§ 134, 138 BGB, das AGB-Recht oder auch urheberrechtliche Schrankenbestimmungen leer zu laufen. Die Arbeit entwickelt Mechanismen, um einem solchen Unterlaufen von Recht durch Technik entgegenzuwirken.

Este trabajo presenta un balance de las tendencias en materia de política social durante los ciclos políticos de América Latina entre 2000 y 2017. Para este propósito, se discutirán grosso modo casos específicos, tomando ejemplos de distintas experiencias para ilustrar las principales continuidades y rupturas de la protección social en temas como la pobreza y la desigualdad. Se plantea qué además de los factores internacionales y las coyunturas económicas, los actores políticos y sus tendencias ideológicas han tenido un peso importante a la hora de facilitar u obstaculizar cambios en materia de redistribución y política social. ; This work presents a balance of the tendencies in social policies during the political cycles of Latin America between 2000 and 2017. For this purpose, we discuss specific cases in a general way, taking examples from different experiences to illustrate the main continuities and interruptions of social welfare in matters such as poverty and inequality. It is proposed that besides international factors and economic circumstances, political actors and their ideological tendencies have been an important factor in facilitating or hindering changes in matters of redistribution and social policies.

This article analyzes the contextual factors that contributed in different ways to the origins of the university student protests of greater scope in Colombia during 1968-1971 and the resurgence of these mobilizations with a great impact within the framework of the first decade of the 21st century 2007-2011. This analysis is done from a regional perspective, emphasizing the particularities that the dynamics of the student movement of the Universidad del Valle brings to this process. For this purpose, we use the comparative politics method and the political opportunity structure concept, recovered from the North American approach to the theory of social movements. As a preliminary result, it is evident that, during the periods studied, the conjunction of three contextual factors —the educational reforms, the dynamics of the political regime and the cultural turns— was an opportunity for the construction and transformation of the students' interpretative frameworks, leading to the deepening and resignification of student protest. ; Este artículo analiza los factores del contexto que de diversas formas contribuyeron a que se originaran las protestas estudiantiles universitarias de mayor alcance y envergadura en Colombia durante 1968-1971 y el resurgir de estas movilizaciones con un gran impacto en el marco del primer decenio del siglo XXI, 2007-2011. Este análisis se realiza desde una perspectiva regional, haciendo énfasis en las particularidades que le imprimen a este proceso las dinámicas del movimiento estudiantil de la Universidad del Valle. Para ello, se hace uso del método de la política comparada y del concepto de estructura de oportunidad política, recuperado del enfoque norteamericano de la teoría de los movimientos sociales. Como resultado preliminar, se evidencia que la conjugación de los tres factores del contexto: las reformas educativas, las dinámicas del régimen político y los giros culturales, en los períodos estudiados fueron una oportunidad para la construcción y transformación de los marcos interpretativos de los estudiantes, conduciendo a la profundización y resignificación de la protesta estudiantil.

Представлвено исследование «пожертвованного поколения» как исторически обусловленного феномена русской культуры через призму авторской литературной виктимологии Ф. М. Достоевского. Анализ виктимологического дискурса «Дневника писателя» позволяет выявить важнейшие аксиологические аспекты концепта«жертва» и систему его реализации в различных выпусках моножурнала. Разрабатывая виктимологическую проблематику в художественных и публицистических текстах, писатель на уровне идеи показывает причины появления различных типов преступников и жертв, приходит к выводу об их самовоспроизводимости в глобальном масштабе государства. Результатом действия подобных деструктивных процессов ценностной деформации личности, противоречивых отношений юридического законодательства с принципами человечности и Божьим законом становится «пожертвованное поколение». ; Article is devoted to research of "the offered generation" as historically caused phenomenon of the Russian culture through a prism of an author's literary viktimologiya of F. M. Dostoyevsky. The analysis of a victimological discourse of "A Writer`s Diary" allows to reveal the most important axiological aspects of a concept "victim" and system of its realization in various issues of this monomagazine. Developing a victimological perspective in fiction and publicistic texts, the writer at the level of idea shows the reasons of emergence of various types of criminals and victims, comes to a conclusion about their self-reproducibility on a global scale of the state. "The offered generation" becomes result of action of similar destructive processes of valuable deformation of the personality, the contradictory relations of the legal legislation with the principles of humanity and the Divine law.