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Laut Präsident de Gaulle, der aus einem geographischen Gemeinplatz eine geopolitische These machte, reicht Europa vom Atlantischen Ozean bis zum Ural. Europa erscheint dann begrenzt von zwei "Flügelmächten" - einerseits Nordamerika und andererseits Russland mit Sibirien. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht demgegenüber der Frage seiner kulturellen und historischen Identität nach: Was für eine Identität kann Europa als einem historisch bzw. geographisch bestimmten Raum und was für eine Identität der Europäischen Union verliehen werden? Mit der griechisch-römischen Kultur, der Res Publica Christiana sowie der westlichen Zivilisation werden zunächst die identitätsbildenden Faktoren genannt. Jedoch sind diese zu allgemein, um sich sinnvoll auf die Europäische Union und die Frage ihrer Identität anwenden zu lassen. Bei der Europäischen Union handelt es sich um ein konkretes geographisches Gebiet, das gleichzeitig auch politisch bestimmt ist. Zur Klärung der europäischen Identitätsfrage ist es erforderlich, sich zunächst über die Eigenschaften von Nationalstaaten zu verständigen. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich dann erstens Aussagen darüber gewinnen, inwieweit diese Eigenschaften auch auf die Europäische Union zutreffen, und zweitens, in welchem Maße Bürger, die sich mit ihrem eigenen Nationalstaat identifizieren, eine ähnliche Verbundenheit zur Europäischen Union aufweisen. (ICA2)

Abstract

News


WAS EMPLOYER'S VISIT TO EMPLOYEE WEB SITE LAWFUL?


UNIONS PUSH BACK RIGHT‐TO‐WORK BILLS


NLRB GENERAL COUNSEL REPORTS ON WHEN LAWSUITS MAY BE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES


From the Editor


THREATS OF JOB LOSS AND WORK SITE CLOSURE


Campaign Workshop


NO‐SOLICITATION RULE WAS UNLAWFUL


EXPLAINING STRIKERS' RIGHTS DURING ELECTION CAMPAIGNS


DISTRIBUTING PRO‐COMPANY MATERIALS MUST BE DONE BY THE RULES


VIDEOTAPING PRO‐UNION EMPLOYEES


THE IMPORTANCE OF MARKING BALLOTS PROPERLY


Supervisor's Workshop


GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONDING TO UNION ORGANIZING—PART ONE


Union Tactics


JOBS WITH JUSTICE WEB SITE


UNION RE‐ENTRY FEES


STEELWORKERS STRIKE OUT AT SIEMENS


Decertification Notes


QUESTIONS ABOUT DECERTIFICATION VOTE AT VINEYARDS

Conventional definitions of union democracy are too limited to encompass the broad majority of people in and outside unions who are struggling for control over their workplaces. In particular, denotation of U.S. labor law and trade union perspectives of union democracy are far too narrow to give workers participatory power. Thus the concept of union democracy must be reinterpreted to include workers of all kinds (unionized workers, nonunion workers, and farmers); protection of the rights to strike, picket, and slow down; and the demand for worker‐community ownership. This article examines two recent examples of workers' democracy: the Serbian revolution of 2000 and the Zapatistas' ongoing struggle in Chiapas, Mexico.

This study examines the structural and functional features and institutional stability of enterprise unions in the Korean manufacturing sector in the late 1980s. Both the positive relationship between the proportion of unionized firms and firm size, and the distinct function of enterprise unions are identified and explained. The dramatic rise of the labor movement since mid-1987 undermined the institutional stability of Korean enterprise unions. Finally, a broad comparison of enterprise unions between Korea and Japan helps to clarify the distinct characteristics of Korean enterprise unions. The findings of this study call for further research in order to investigate diverse forms of enterprise unionism within and across Asian nations.

Simultaneous implementation of the election already held on 9 December 2015, essentially is an alternative system of direct local elections in order to save significant budget of budget execution during the election is charged to the budget. But in its implementation, simultaneous election in 2015 was allegedly gave birth to the various phenomena associated with transactional politics that emerged in the process of election.This paper prepared using descriptive method through a qualitative approach. The data collection is done by using study of literature through the study of literature related to the phenomenon of transactional politics in the election simultaneously in Indonesia in 2015, and its implications for government formed from the election process.Concurrent election implementation in 2015 gave rise to various phenomena associated with transactional politics that political barter, stuffed politics, politics of high costs, and the existence of money politics in voting behavior. In general, transactional politics injure the realization of democratic elections and the implications for the process of the election itself less democratic. In particular, the transactional politics that can bring the seeds of mistrust support to political parties and may confuse its supporters over the choice of a political party, led to the behavior of corrupt government officials, and local autonomy are not positively correlated to improving the welfare and quality of life of the people.

Can meaningful representation emerge in an authoritarian setting? If so, how, when, and why? Making Autocracy Work identifies the trade-offs associated with representation in authoritarian environments and then tests the theory through a detailed inquiry into the dynamics of China's National People's Congress (NPC, the country's highest formal government institution). Rory Truex argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is engineering a system of 'representation within bounds' in the NPC, encouraging deputies to reflect the needs of their constituents, but only for non-sensitive issues. This allows the regime to address citizen grievances while avoiding incendiary political activism. Data on NPC deputy backgrounds and behaviors is used to explore the nature of representation and incentives in this constrained system. The book challenges existing conceptions of representation, authoritarianism, and the future of the Chinese state. Consultative institutions like the NPC are key to making autocracy work

Historical sociology and research on state formation : the German tradition revisited -- Towards a theoretical framework : rereading Norbert Elias -- The decline of the Carolingian Empire and the disintegration of Europe. The figuration of feudal survival units, 800- -- He resurgence of centripetal forces : 1050- -- Centripetal forces. Two steps forward, one step back, 1300-1500 -- The European figuration of survival units 1494-1659 : from local to continental wars - the survival units in France, England, and Germany -- The "military revolution" -- The rise of civil society and a monetary economy -- Sovereignty : from universality to particularity and from fragmentation to territorialization -- France : from Stände-Staat to territorial state -- England : a territorial centralized Stände-Staat - 1500-1660 -- Germany - the competing survival units -- The struggle for recognition - winners and losers -- Some concluding remarks.

European-Jewish Studies reflect the interdisciplinary network and competence of the "Centre for Jewish Studies in Berlin-Brandenburg" which was founded in 2011. The Centre gathers together the most important institutions working on Jewish studies in the region - including the relevant universities and establishments in Berlin and Potsdam. The interdisciplinary character of the series places particular emphasis on the way in which history, the humanities and cultural science approach the subject, as well as on fundamental intellectual, political and religious questions that inspire Jewish life and thinking today, and have influenced it in the past. The EDITIONS present new editions of works by outstanding Jewish authors. The CONTRIBUTIONS publish excellent monographs on the entire spectrum of themes from Jewish studies. The CONTROVERSIES deal with fundamental debates that are of contemporary and journalistic relevance

"This book is a study of the governing class in Great Britain and Ireland based on a complete survey of all families who participated regularly in parliament." "Using the records of the History of Parliament and the results of his own independent research, Ellis Wasson has reconstructed the shape and structure of Britain's small and remarkably stable ruling elite from medieval times to 1945. No other European governing class was so rich or able to survive into the modern era with much of that wealth and privilege intact. Wasson shows how its unique two-tiered structure of a handful of ancient families on top and a much larger second echelon broadly open to 'new men' from business helped Britain become the first modern society and prolonged the elite's supremacy."--BOOK JACKET

One of the still underdeveloped aspects in understanding politics is the role of culture in shaping political concerns. The three articles in this issue attempt to address this by critiquing current cultural paradigms and offering new ones in analyzing democratization, development, political conflict, and the intertwining of nationalism and globalization, among others. This is what J. Shola Omotola attempts to do in his article, "Against the Cultural Gap Thesis on Africa's Democratization." The cultural gap thesis argues that diverse African polities and societies are, by their nature, hostile grounds for democracy. Omotola contests this position on two grounds. First, he does away with the notion that there is only one form of democracy and a congruent political culture to sustain it. Then he argues that Africa's tumultuous relationship with democracy is not due to a natural misfit. Rather, it is a consequence of the continent's tortured history of colonialism and a subsequent postcolonial era ruled by capital that prefers profit to freedom; a stable market propped up by an iron hand over a society that is humane and just. A democratization that disregards such history and cultural specificity will indeed fail. The importance of culture and history shaping politics is further seen in Yilmaz Çolak's "Nationalism and the Political Use of History in Cyprus: Recent Developments." A particular and pertinent dimension, which Çolak examines, is nationalism as understood in the politics of Cyprus's history. Çolak points out that the historiographies of the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots produce respective collective memories, which have structured possible solutions to the Cyprus Problem. Their history of conflict and divergent allegiances to external powers have made it difficult for the political leaders on both sides to imagine a nationalism that is able to make the connections between all the individual and the state. As argued by Çolak, "The two states of Cyprus have launched typical processes of forming ...

The development of a military command system is a complex and lengthy process that involves the interplay of many different factors. With that being said, I argue that the single most important factor in the development of a modern military command structure in western democratic states is social political. The impact of technology is ever-present, however, social political factors limit, check, and control the use of technology in warfare. Take for instance the use of chemical weapons, society and international law has banned its use, even if militarily it is quite effective. In this paper, I use the American Civil War and the European Theater of World War Two as case studies to demonstrate the impacts that social political factors and technology has upon the development of a modern command structure

George C. Wallace: a timeline --Acknowledgments --Introduction --Chapter 1: Politics of crisis and the in-group --Chapter 2: Politics of establishment antipathy --Chapter 3: Politics of vIctimhood and privilege --Chapter 4: Politics of spectacle --Chapter 5: Politics mediated --Chapter 6: Politics of success and failure --Epilogue --Notes --Index.

Seit dem 20. Mai 2016 ist die EU-Tabakprodukterichtlinie (2014/40/EU) geltendes Recht in den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union. Mit der Richtlinie wurden beachtliche Neuerungen im Bereich der Tabakerzeugnisse festgelegt. Neben den genauen Vorgaben der Richtlinie befasst sich diese Arbeit auch mit der Umsetzung dieser Vorgaben in nationales, österreichisches Recht. Die Umsetzung erfolgte in einigen Punkten genau nach der Richtlinie, wurde in anderen Punkten, wie dem Versandhandelsverbot, im TNRSG verschärft. ; eingereicht von Manuel Auer ; Universität Linz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)3853652

AbstractThe American religious landscape is transforming due to a sharp rise in the percentage of the population that is nonreligious. Political and demographic causes have been proffered but little attention has been paid to the current and potential political impact of these "nones," especially given the established link between religion, participation, and party politics. I argue that the political impact of nonreligious Americans lies in an unexplored subset of the nonreligious population called committed seculars. Committed seculars de-identify with religion, they adopt secular beliefs, and join organizations structured on secular beliefs. Using a unique survey of a secular organization, the American Humanist Association, I demonstrate that committed seculars are extremely partisan and participatory, and are driven to participate by their ideological extremity in relation to the Democratic Party. These results point to a long-term mobilizing dimension for Democrats and indicate the potential polarizing influence of seculars in party politics.

Das Papier wendet sich an die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer der EU-Reformdebatte. Ich schlage vor, die im Weißbuch der Kommission zur Zukunft Europas angemahnte Debatte nicht auf die politischen Kompetenzen der EU zu verengen. Stattdessen sollten jene Einschränkungen politischer Handlungsspielräume in den Blick gerückt werden, die durch die extensive Interpretation der europäischen Grundfreiheiten entstanden sind. Den Grundfreiheiten fehlen bisher immanente Schranken, die das Recht auf transnationale Binnenmarktnutzung effektiv von einem etwaigen Recht auf Deregulierung interner Sachverhalte mit allenfalls schwachem Binnenmarktbezug abgrenzen. Fünf Reformoptionen werden im Papier diskutiert und verglichen: Das Soziale Fortschrittsprotokoll, der Verweis des Binnenmarktrechts in das europäische Sekundärrecht, die Präzisierung der Grundfreiheiten als Verbote offener oder verdeckter Ungleichbehandlung, Bereichsausnahmen sowie sekundärrechtliche Lösungen. Der Status quo, so zeigt sich, ist nicht alternativlos. ; This paper contributes to the EU reform debate that the Commission started with its white paper on the future of Europe. I suggest that we should not only pay attention to the political competences of the EU, but also focus on the restriction of the political room for manoeuvre which derives from the extensive interpretation of the European fundamental freedoms. The fundamental freedoms lack immanent barriers which separate the right to transnationally use the common market from a (non-existent) right to call for internal deregulations with only limited significance for external trade. I discuss and compare five reform options: The social progress protocol, the de-constitutionalization of the common market rules, the specification of the fundamental freedoms as bans on direct and indirect discrimination, the restriction of the scope of application of the fundamental freedoms, and secondary law solutions. I conclude that there are alternatives to the status quo which should be part of an EU reform.