Search results

This study examines and compares the performance of the Soviet military in Afghanistan and the Russian military in Chechnya. It aims to discern continuity or change in methods and doctrine. Because of Russian military cultural preferences for a big-war paradigm that have been embedded over time, moreover, this work posits that continuity rather than change was much more probable, even though Russia's great power position had diminished in an enormous way by 1994. However, continuity— manifested in the continued embrace of a conventional and predictably symmetric approach—was more probable, since cultural change usually requires up to 10 years. Several paradoxes also inhere in asymmetric conflict— these are also very much related to the cultural baggage that accompanies great power status. In fact, the Russian military's failures in both wars are attributable to the paradoxes of asymmetric conflict. These paradoxes come into play whenever a great power faces a pre-industrial and semi-feudal enemy who is intrinsically compelled to mitigate the great power's numerous advantages with cunning and asymmetry. In other words, great powers often do poorly in small wars simply because they are great powers that must embrace a big-war paradigm by necessity. This study identifies and explains six paradoxes of asymmetric conflict. It also examines each paradox in the context of Afghanistan and Chechnya.

Economy is important to run life as well as government. In other words, betterment of any individual as well a country depends on economy. 'Avvaiyaar' a Tamil poetess said 'when the conditions of the citizens raise automatically the status of the king raises.' 'ThirukkuRaL' in one of its chapters on 'poruL syal vahai' (means of economy) talks about the various ways through which the government can build its economy through righteous means. The other epic literatures too have the same opinion. Man acts unethical in two conditions. One is poverty and the other is the desire for more wealth. Poverty is one of the factors of inequalities in economy. There are two status which encouragement to earn. One is poverty and the other is the unfulfilled desire for wealth. To fulfil either one, man tries to earn in unethical ways. Poor, because of their need, try unethical and theft is the foremost.

The so-called "testimonial literature" was first observed in Cuba and Nicaragua in the form of "literatura de campana", such as diaries kept by those taking part in guerrilla warfare, and secondly through the continued proliferation of collected papers, which attempted to recapture the everyday events of the revolution from its very beginning. The author explores the testimonial literature of these countries

Dass Dichter seit jeher zu Stimulanzien gegriffen haben ist bekannt. Im Unterschied zur englisch- und französischsprachigen Literatur wurden deutschsprachige Texte, die Drogenerfahrungen künstlerisch gestalten, bisher allerdings nur wenig beachtet. Vorliegende Anthologie will diesen Missstand beheben. Über 50 repräsentative Literaturauszüge – von der Romantik bis zur Gegenwart – bieten dem Leser einen Einblick in die Welt des Rausches und der Sucht, in künstliche Paradiese und Höllen. Sie dokumentieren die Sehnsucht nach Erkenntnis und nach anderen Welten, ebenso wie unfreiwillige Komik und Verfall. Die Texte sind zugleich spannendes Zeugnis der Versuche, Erlebnisse und Einsichten des Rausches hinüber zu retten in die Welt des Sagbaren. Ob in Romanen, Tagebüchern, Gedichten oder dramatischen Werken – dort wo Drogen ihre Spur hinterlassen haben setzt diese Anthologie an. Bekannte Autoren kommen dabei ebenso zu Wort wie solche, die die Literaturkritik vergessen hat oder übersieht. Und weil nicht allein die Droge auf den Menschen wirkt, sondern dieser auf die Droge, wird jedem Auszug ein Kommentar vorausgeschickt, der den biographischen wie literarischen Zusammenhang erhellt.