Introduction -- From carvel construction to VOC shipbuilding -- Site formation, excavation, and reconstruction -- Hull study and description -- The archaeology of Dutch oceangoing ships -- Double-hull planking and sheathing -- Timber used in the construction of Batavia -- Analysis of Batavia's hull and construction -- Conclusion -- Appendix A: VOC ship construction charters -- Appendix B: Catalog of Batavia hull remains -- Appendix C: Terminology for dendrochronological research / by Elsemieke Hanraets
Despite several existing legal provisions to provide equal rights for women and men, Indian women agricultural workers remain restricted from getting their agricultural entitlements due to various socio-cultural reasons including discriminatory gendered norms. The study attempts to understand the accessibility of entitlements among women agricultural workers in the Goalpara district of Assam – the region where women's dependency on agriculture is overwhelming. The study is based on a mixed-methods approach, using data collected from the field survey. The study reveals that rural agricultural women workers face substantial hindrances in accessing basic agricultural entitlements like land, credit and modern technology, making them socially and economically vulnerable.
The need of translating increasing outlays into better outcomes on various public programmes has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide to focus more on the quality of public spending, often assessed in terms of its efficiency. The present article is a contribution to the existing literature on the subject in that it assesses the efficiency of government expenditure of Indian states for two most basic social services—elementary education and nutrition during 2014–2015 and 2018–2019 using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index techniques, in both input‐oriented as well as output‐oriented settings under variable returns to scale assumption; it constructs the average performance index for children at elementary education and malnutrition index for women and children to utilise them as output indicators; and it adopts a robust bootstrap truncated regression procedure to avoid various econometric issues while estimating the impact of selected environmental factors on bias‐corrected inefficiency scores. The major findings of this article seem to suggest that, while states should be provided greater flexibility in their fiscal operations, they have to complement their fiscal autonomy with good governance to improve the efficiency of their spending on basic social services. Towards this end, states like Bihar, Jharkhand and those belonging to North‐Eastern and Himalayan regions need special attention with a different set of development policies.
