Suchergebnisse

In 1950, the Venezuelan Professor Mariano Picón Salas directed a historical seminar in the College of Mexico, concentrated on one region which he called Latin America. Subsequently, in response to comments from Brazilian collaborators, the program was broadened so as to aim at a comprehensive view of the histories of all the Ibero-American nations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The purpose was to discover whether there were not periods with comparable characteristics in the histories of the various countries.

The banking sector occupies an important rank in the national economy . As it is always in the core of economy providing the financing to the different economical sectors . Because of this important role of the banking sector, this sector was a subject for waves of the nationalization during the 20th century . But as it is the matter in different of the economical sectors, the public property of the banking sector has left its negative effects on this important sector . Now and with the world attitudes toward economical of the market and the financial liberalization we find that most of the advanced countries and also the developing countries have put programs for privatization which included privatization of the banks . However, motivations of the banking privatization, its size, its technical and also its results may differ from one country to another . This research is concerned with study of the banking sector privatization in Egypt as a developingcountry by the way of comparing it with privatization of the banking sector in France as an advanced country that has a great experience in this field . This research consists of two parts : the first part considers of studying the banking sector structure, its economical and financial rôle the property of the banking sector in the two countries of this study . The second part is concerned with studying the legal and financial organization for the banking privatization and also the economical and financial results owning to this privatization ; Le secteur bancaire occupe une place importante dans l¤économie d¤un pays, notamment comme outil de politique économique. Il est toujours dans le coeur de l¤économie en finançant les différentes activités économiques. Grâce à ce rôle important du secteur bancaire, il a fait l¤objet de grandes vagues de nationalisations au cours du XXe siècle. Cependant, comme c¤était le cas dans d¤autres secteurs de l¤économie, la propriété publique du secteur bancaire a laissé son empreinte négative sur la performance de ce secteur important. Avec l¤orientation mondiale vers l¤économie de marché et la libéralisation financière, plusieurs pays développés et en développement, mais aussi les pays en transition ont lancé des programmes de privatisation. Ces programmes ont inclus dans la majorité des pays, des privatisations bancaires. Cependant, les motivations, l¤ampleur, l¤organisation et les conséquences de ces privatisations bancaires pouvaient varier d¤un pays à l¤autre.Ainsi, notre thèse est consacrée à l¤étude de la privatisation du secteur bancaire en Egypte (en tant que pays en développement) en la comparant à la privatisation du secteur bancaire en France (en tant que pays développé possédant une grande expérience dans cette matière). Cette étude fera l¤objet des deux parties de la présente recherche : la première partie s¤intéresse à la structure du secteur bancaire, son rôle économique et financier et sa propriété dans les deux pays étudiés. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l¤étude des techniques juridiques et financières du processus des privatisations bancaires, ainsi que leurs conséquences économiques et financières

The banking sector occupies an important rank in the national economy . As it is always in the core of economy providing the financing to the different economical sectors . Because of this important role of the banking sector, this sector was a subject for waves of the nationalization during the 20th century . But as it is the matter in different of the economical sectors, the public property of the banking sector has left its negative effects on this important sector . Now and with the world attitudes toward economical of the market and the financial liberalization we find that most of the advanced countries and also the developing countries have put programs for privatization which included privatization of the banks . However, motivations of the banking privatization, its size, its technical and also its results may differ from one country to another . This research is concerned with study of the banking sector privatization in Egypt as a developingcountry by the way of comparing it with privatization of the banking sector in France as an advanced country that has a great experience in this field . This research consists of two parts : the first part considers of studying the banking sector structure, its economical and financial rôle the property of the banking sector in the two countries of this study . The second part is concerned with studying the legal and financial organization for the banking privatization and also the economical and financial results owning to this privatization ; Le secteur bancaire occupe une place importante dans l¤économie d¤un pays, notamment comme outil de politique économique. Il est toujours dans le coeur de l¤économie en finançant les différentes activités économiques. Grâce à ce rôle important du secteur bancaire, il a fait l¤objet de grandes vagues de nationalisations au cours du XXe siècle. Cependant, comme c¤était le cas dans d¤autres secteurs de l¤économie, la propriété publique du secteur bancaire a laissé son empreinte négative sur la performance de ce secteur important. Avec l¤orientation mondiale vers l¤économie de marché et la libéralisation financière, plusieurs pays développés et en développement, mais aussi les pays en transition ont lancé des programmes de privatisation. Ces programmes ont inclus dans la majorité des pays, des privatisations bancaires. Cependant, les motivations, l¤ampleur, l¤organisation et les conséquences de ces privatisations bancaires pouvaient varier d¤un pays à l¤autre.Ainsi, notre thèse est consacrée à l¤étude de la privatisation du secteur bancaire en Egypte (en tant que pays en développement) en la comparant à la privatisation du secteur bancaire en France (en tant que pays développé possédant une grande expérience dans cette matière). Cette étude fera l¤objet des deux parties de la présente recherche : la première partie s¤intéresse à la structure du secteur bancaire, son rôle économique et financier et sa propriété dans les deux pays étudiés. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l¤étude des techniques juridiques et financières du processus des privatisations bancaires, ainsi que leurs conséquences économiques et financières

The subject is small—a word. Yet the subject contained within the subject is immeasurable: racism American-style. It isn't always a good idea to reduce vast social dimensions to a pithy cognomen—all the great "isms" are finally irreducible—but there are special cases, and when Jabari Asim asks us to examine American racism (particularly racism against black Americans) through the lens of a single word, it's remarkable how much history he squeezes into the text.

The objective of the paper is to study the evolution of attitudes toward government debt over the period of human history from the Middle Ages to present day. This article is especially relevant in light of recent events. The skyrocketing government debt has recently led to the lowering of credit ratings in the USA, Greece and Italy, which may cause a significant economic downturn. To reach the established objective, the following research methods were employed: comparative analysis and synthesis, historical and logical approaches, observation and aggregation. As a result of conducted research, the history of the national debt justification was divided into five basic stages. The authors critically analyze the theory of capital erosion and demand-side economics. Detailed study of the first four stages showed that attitudes toward public debt evolved from total rejection to approval and all-round justification. However, global financial crisis indicates the transfer to the fifth stage, in which sovereign debts require reasonable restrictions and international regulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.em.17.3.2109