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The main aim of the study is to formulate a process to establish an integrated centre for higher maritime studies and research in Bangladesh. An assessment is made to verify the need for such specialised higher education and research at postgraduate and at doctoral level for the maritime and shipping personnel. It also highlights the need and appropriation for in-service continued education and research. The geographical location, historical background of the emergence of this new country in 1971 and the rehabilitation programme thereafter (in shipping sector) is described. Its diplomatic and political relation with other regional countries is discussed briefly. A brief look is taken to review the existing maritime education, the requirement of post-sea and shipping trade related higher education and research and unification of two seafaring streams, i.e. marine engineering and navigation. The roles and responsibilities of shipping managers, maritime administrators and maritime lecturers are examined. The local, regional and global impact of this university and scope to perform as a regional university is acknowledged. Most importantly the establishment process (physical and academic) is described and the government education policy and the legal procedure in establishing such institution is reviewed. Finally it has been concluded that there is a clear need for an integrated centre for maritime studies and research in Bangladesh and that may be fulfilled by establishing the proposed Bangabandhu Maritime University.

This paper describes the plans and strategies to develop Portage, a national network of sustainable, shared services for research data management (RDM) in Canada. A description of the RDM context in Canada is provided. This environment has heightened expectations around the Government of Canada's Open Science plans and includes deliverables aimed at improving access to publications and data resulting from federally funded scientific activities. At the same time, a recent environmental scan published by Canada's three federal research granting councils reveals significant gaps in services, infrastructure, and funding mechanisms to support RDM. In addition, Canada's RDM environment consists of stakeholders from a variety of communities with minimal ongoing coordination or cooperation. The Portage network was conceived as a collaborative network model based on libraries' strong connections with researchers across the disciplines, an ethos of curation and preservation, and experience with systems for managing data in all its forms. A pilot project provided Portage with a vision and set of principles, and identified several objectives as the small wins that would build the trust and shared understanding required for a successful network. Current services and activities of Portage, including a data management planning tool and an infrastructure project, are described in this paper. Portage now faces the challenge of moving from project to operational network, and the challenge of establishing a sustainable governance model. CARL appointed a Steering Committee that will be proposing a full governance model at the conclusion of this transition period. Using a framework of factors identified in the literature, several relevant collaborative and network governance models are being explored.This paper outlines experience to date with Portage and matters under consideration for long-term sustainability, with a goal of engaging international colleagues in discussion and furthering the concepts for the benefit of RDM networks everywhere.

This paper describes the plans and strategies to develop Portage, a national network of sustainable, shared services for research data management (RDM) in Canada. A description of the RDM context in Canada is provided. This environment has heightened expectations around the Government of Canada's Open Science plans and includes deliverables aimed at improving access to publications and data resulting from federally funded scientific activities. At the same time, a recent environmental scan published by Canada's three federal research granting councils reveals significant gaps in services, infrastructure, and funding mechanisms to support RDM. In addition, Canada's RDM environment consists of stakeholders from a variety of communities with minimal ongoing coordination or cooperation. The Portage network was conceived as a collaborative network model based on libraries' strong connections with researchers across the disciplines, an ethos of curation and preservation, and experience with systems for managing data in all its forms. A pilot project provided Portage with a vision and set of principles, and identified several objectives as the small wins that would build the trust and shared understanding required for a successful network. Current services and activities of Portage, including a data management planning tool and an infrastructure project, are described in this paper. Portage now faces the challenge of moving from project to operational network, and the challenge of establishing a sustainable governance model. CARL appointed a Steering Committee that will be proposing a full governance model at the conclusion of this transition period. Using a framework of factors identified in the literature, several relevant collaborative and network governance models are being explored. This paper outlines experience to date with Portage and matters under consideration for long-term sustainability, with a goal of engaging international colleagues in discussion and furthering the concepts for the benefit of RDM ...

ABSTRACTManuscript Type: EmpiricalResearch Question/Issue: Effective corporate governance requires accurate and reliable financial information. Historically, each nation has developed and pursued its own financial standards; however, as financial markets consolidate into a global market, there is a need for a common set of financial standards. As a result, there is a movement towards harmonization of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) throughout the global economy. While there has been considerable research on the effects of IFRS adoption, there has been relatively little systematic study as to the antecedents of IFRS adoption. Consequently, this study seeks to understand why some economies have quickly embraced IFRS standards while others partially adopt IFRS and still others continue to resist.Research Findings/Results: After controlling for market capitalization and GDP growth, we find that foreign aid, import penetration, and level of education achieved within a national economy are all predictive of the degree to which IFRS standards are adopted across 132 developing, transitional and developed economies.Theoretical/Academic Implications: We found that all three forms of isomorphic pressures (i.e., coercive, mimetic, and normative) are predictive of IFRS adoption. Consequently, institutional theory with its emphasis on legitimacy‐seeking by social actors was relatively well supported by our data. This suggests that the IFRS adoption process is driven more by social legitimization pressures, than it is by economic logic.Practitioner/Policy Implications: For policy makers, our findings suggest that the institutional pressures within an economy are the key drivers of IFRS adoption. Consequently, policy makers should seek to influence institutional pressures that thwart and/or enhance adoption of IFRS. For executives of multinational firms, our findings provide insights that can help to explain and predict future IFRS adoption within economies where their foreign subsidiaries operate. This ability could be useful for creating competitive advantages for foreign subsidiaries where IFRS adoption was resisted, or avoiding competitive disadvantages for foreign subsidiaries unfamiliar with IFRS standards.

The corona outbreak has a strong negative impact on the (mental) health and well-being of the population. People experienced more anxiety, stress, anger, fear and depressive symptoms at the start of the outbreak of corona compared to before the outbreak (Torales, O'Higgins, Castaldelli-Maia, & Ventriglio, 2020). The Trimbos Institute for Mental Health (2020) showed that these adverse mental health problems were experienced by one third of the Dutch population. For students the corona outbreak implied rapid changes in their personal lives as well as their student life. In Wageningen, on-campus classes were cancelled and replaced by online alternatives. For many students the outbreak created uncertainty whether they could finish their study in time. In addition, due to social distancing measures many students moved back to their parental homes or lived more isolated in their student homes. These changes are likely to impact their mental health and well-being In order to examine the (mental) health and well-being of students across Europe, the University of Antwerp developed a digital survey. The survey assessed students' living conditions (physical and financial) and lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, alcohol consumption and tobacco use) before and after the outbreak of corona. In addition, students' mental health and well-being were assessed by using the CES-D 8 scale (Radloff, 1977) and resilience was measured by using the Brief Resilience Scale (Smith et al., 2008). Finally, in the survey students were asked to evaluate the measures taken by governments and universities in response to the corona outbreak. The overall aim of the survey is to identify how the corona outbreak relates to students' mental health and well-being, hypothesizing that national and university-level measures significantly impact on the well-being of university students Wageningen University participated in this survey, together with universities and other educational institutes from 26 different countries (see Appendix A for ...

The paper explores gender teaching at the Central European University (CEU), particularly investigating, through this case, the ways in which gender-related topics can be incorporated into higher education curricula. These authors consulted institutional documents and databases, to look into the CEU "gender regime" (Connell, 1987), and they also conducted semi-structured interviews with University faculty and students, to reflect perceptions on the gender dimension in higher education teaching and research. The authors have found that CEU's unique international character provides ample space to teaching gender both by way of the autonomous Gender Studies Department and via integrating gender into other fields of study. Institutional strategic commitment has been identified in gender mainstreaming higher education curricula, as the key to further development, which might materialize in gender-conscious hiring processes, and in providing 'gender expert consulting,' for example. It is only by institutional commitment - which is to replace the present practice, based on individual
faculty's professional commitment, guaranteed by 'academic freedom' - that systematic progress in gendering higher education curricula can be attained.

The article discusses the history of academic co-operation between the British and Commonwealth Studies Department at the University of Lodz and the Australian Embassy in Poland. Over the years the co-operation took the shape of a regular academic exchange and led to substantial academic, educational and cultural projects on Australia which resulted in a number of book-length studies.

Der Verfasser gibt zunächst einen Überblick über Entstehung und Politik der ultranationalistischen Bewegung Vatra Romaneasca in Transsylvanien als Vorläuferorganisation der Nationalen Einheitspartei Rumäniens. In diesem Zusammenhang spielt vor allem die Agitation von Vatra Romaneasca und Nationaler Einheitspartei gegen die ungarische Mehrheit in Transsylvanien eine Rolle. Im folgenden werden die Aktivitäten der Nationalen Einheitspartei auf nationaler Ebene im Kontext der Parlaments- und Präsidentenwahlen behandelt. Die Taktik der Ultranationalisten besteht darin, mittels minderheiten- und fremdenfeindlicher Agitation ein Klima der allgemeinen Verunsicherung zu schaffen. Der anfängliche Erfolg des seit Oktober 1993 zahlungsunfähigen Caritas-Finanzmodells trug zur Popularität der Partei bei. Eine Regierungsbeteiligung wurde bisher von der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Rumäniens verhindert. (BIOst-Wpt)

The purpose of this work is to face the fresh food security function in the developing nations. It is not an easy task; on the other, it is a very important feature on people's welfare, nations' development and social stability at a national level. The methodology applied will be the Porter's Diamond. The ensemble of resources, either physical infrastructures or capable companies or adequate regulations, to support the implementation of efficient and functional food security networks in many countries, frequently is provided without analysis of the population demand profile and resources available, normally importing other country model. Given the importance of food security to provide the correct amount of food to the different populations in a country, a framework for analyzing the competitive balance of the factors involved and the different models under consideration has been selected. Michael Porter described the Diamond in 1990 in his seminal work "The competitive advantage of Nations". It considers different national factors that interact to produce the competitive advantage, such as home demand conditions, related support industries, factor conditions, companies` strategy and rivalry and Government regulation. With the Diamond the profile of the different factors are analyzed according to priority and importance. The resulting model allows detecting weaknesses and strengths considering the principal actors that build a food security network. Also it is possible to represent graphically the points of analysis, which allows to explore together different models of food security networks. The food supply it is a vital factor in every country for the population survival. The fresh food production, mainly fruits and vegetables, meat and fish, needs a net work of markets, at wholesale and retail level in order to distribute that fresh food from the farms where is produced to the final consumer, mainly located in the big cities (farm-to-fork). The whole activities related to bring food and supply to the final consumers is denominated "food security". There is another concept associated to the food security which is called "food safety". In some extend both are related, but different. The food safety concept means that the food must be "safe" for human consumption (innocuous). This simple difference (security-safety) has created some confusion in some countries. Food security guarantees the quantity of food supplied to people. Food safety guarantees the quality of food from human health perspective. Food security it is much more important in the poor than in the affluent countries or its regions. In countries with less than 1000 US$ per capita, the amount of money expended on food it is around 40% of the average income. In that case, a change in agricultural costs or on food prices has tremendous influence in the whole society. Many countries have developed a National Plan for food security in order to create markets network. This network operates as a group of engines pumping food from origin to destination. Thanks to this organization has been possible to correct many deficiencies in the population's food supply. The wholesale markets either in food origin area or in destination are not easy to establish. They need many important aspects to be evaluated before start the wholesale market design. The influence area determination; the right dimension of the premises; the type of buildings and pavilions; the protection of the market; the wholesalers transference; the users' relationships; the working rules; tariffs; timetables; gathering and distribution of the daily commercial information; connections with other markets; and a very long etcetera. All that set of aspects varies from country to country. Not all the societies or human groups have the same choices and behaviors. The final design must be adapted to every particular country. The income level; consumption habits, feminine work outside home; industrial development; classification and grading; etc. must be taken into account in order to tailor the market to the society cultural values. The results will be agricultural promotion and development of food distribution efficiency; income distribution among farmers and rural population; better population nourishment; food industry development; commerce and services increasing; food exports boosted; and general improvement of the national welfare for any country undertaken this economical and global activities.