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Unlike many other mainstream disciplines that only seek to broaden knowledge and thus become additive, women's studies try to question and posit new ways of thinking, inaugurating paradigm shifts and thus becoming subversive by trying to question established hierarchies of knowledge. This has not been an easy journey and the practitioners of this new approach have faced numerous odds as all pioneering endeavours encounter. This journey is a story that needs to be told and the present book attempts to do this by charting the trajectories of few women's studies scholars and their academic sojourn. These scholars have been confined not just to the traditional dominant hierarchies of knowledge but by their own making, ventured into new areas, which has now emerged from the margins to the forefront. The point of emphasis is that the writings of scholars like Cynthia Enloe who dared to break boundaries and were questioned earlier have now become part of an acclaimed field of research. This volume explores the metamorphosis of women's studies from the early days to date and draws upon the contributors' diverse experiences and concerns, but all revolving around the same key issue: gender.

During the nineteenth century the British government and the Admiralty provided large subsidies to commercial companies to run international mail services. Concentrating on the service between Britain and South America, this book explores the economic, maritime and political aspects of the Royal Mail Lines company, which held contracts between 1851 and 1965, and reveals the impacts that a long-distance mail service had upon travel, trade, commerce and the changing patterns of global information exchange.

For much of the twentieth century, discrimination by private real estate agents and rental property owners helped establish and sustain stark patterns of housing and neighborhood inequality. Beginning in the late 1970s, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has rigorously monitored trends in racial and ethnic discrimination in both rental and sales markets. This book presents findings from the fourth such study, which applied paired-testing methodology in 28 metropolitan areas to measure the incidence and forms of discrimination experienced by black, Hispanic, and Asian renters

Intro -- FOSTER CARE, ADOPTIONAND KINSHIP GUARDIAN ASSISTANCE: TITLE IV-E PROGRAMS -- FOSTER CARE, ADOPTIONAND KINSHIP GUARDIAN ASSISTANCE: TITLE IV-E PROGRAMS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CHILD WELFARE: A DETAILED OVERVIEWOF PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY AND FUNDINGFOR FOSTER CARE, ADOPTION ASSISTANCEAND KINSHIP GUARDIANSHIP ASSISTANCEUNDER TITLE IV-E OF THE SOCIALSECURITY ACT -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Why Do Children Enter Foster Care? -- Title IV-E Supports Children in Foster Care, Adoption,and Kinship Guardianship -- TITLE IV-E PROGRAM BASICS -- Policies That Apply for All Three Program Components -- Must Have an Approved Title IV-E Plan -- Funds Available for Eligible Costs Incurred on Behalfof Eligible Children -- Level of Federal Support Varies by Kind of Cost -- Temporary FMAP Increase As Part of Fiscal Stimulus -- Program and Funding Authorization is Permanentand Open-Ended -- Are There Any Limits to Title IV-E Funding? -- TITLE IV-E FOSTER CARE -- Federal Foster Care Eligibility Criteria -- Eligibility for Youth Age 18 or Older -- Origin of the Income Standard -- Title IV-E Foster Care Spending -- Trend in Title IV-E Foster Care Spending by Kind of Program Cost -- Title IV-E Foster Care Maintenance Payments -- How Are Children in Foster Care Who Are Not Eligiblefor Title IV-E Assisted? -- Federal Foster Care Coverage Rate -- Relationship of Income and Other Criteria to Federal Foster CareCoverage Rate -- Why Are Children Determined Ineligible? -- TITLE IV-E ADMINISTRATIVE SPENDINGFOR FOSTER CARE -- Case Planning and Case Management -- Pre-placement Activities -- Eligibility Determination -- Other Foster Care Administrative Costs -- Providing Protections to Children Who Are Not TitleIV-E Eligible -- TITLE IV-E TRAINING -- Expanded Ability to Seek Title IV-E Training SupportPhased In

Intro -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): A Primer on Eligibility and Benefits* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Eligibility -- The SNAP Household -- Financial Eligibility -- The Traditional Path to Eligibility -- Income and SNAP Deductions -- Assets -- Categorical Eligibility -- Work-Related Eligibility Requirements -- Employment and Training (E&T) Activities -- "ABAWD" Rule -- Individuals Ineligible for SNAP -- SNAP Benefits under Special Eligibility Rules -- Transitional Benefits -- Disaster Benefits ("D-SNAP") -- Benefits -- Benefit Amounts (Allotments) -- Maximum Monthly Allotments -- Calculation of a Household's Monthly Benefit -- Minimum Benefit -- Issuance of Benefits -- Redemption of Benefits -- Items That May Be Purchased with SNAP Benefits -- SNAP-Authorized Retailers -- Restaurants -- Farmers' Markets -- End Notes -- The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: -- Categorical Eligibility* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Regular and Categorical Eligibility for SNAP -- Eligibility Through Meeting Federal Income and Resource Tests -- Categorical Eligibility -- Early History -- The 1996 Welfare Law and TANF -- What TANF Means for Categorical Eligibility -- Traditional, Narrow, and Broad-Based Categorical Eligibility -- Scope and Reach of Categorical Eligibility -- State Practices in Providing "Broad-Based" Categorical Eligibility -- Is it Possible to Determine How Many Families Are SNAP-Eligible Due Solely to Categorical Eligibility? -- Proposals to Restrict -- Categorical Eligibility -- Appendix -- End Notes -- Building a Healthy America: -- A Profile of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program( -- Introduction -- How SNAP Works -- Why SNAP Is Important -- Strengthening the Safety Net -- Overview of SNAP Participation

Intro -- TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES WORK REQUIREMENTS REVISITED -- TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES WORK REQUIREMENTS REVISITED -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF): WELFARE-TO-WORK REVISITED∗ -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BRIEF HISTORY: WORK REQUIREMENTS AND CASH AID FOR NEEDY FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN -- WELFARE REFORM AND RESEARCH ON WELFARE, DEPENDENCY, AND WORK -- Research on the Duration of Welfare Receipt -- Pre-1996 Welfare-to-Work Experiments29 -- GAIN-Riverside (California) -- The National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (NEWWS) -- Earnings Supplement Programs -- New Hope -- Post-Welfare Reform Research -- Welfare "Leaver" Studies -- Experimental Studies -- The Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) Project: 1998-2011 -- The Hard-to-Serve: 2001-2012 -- Current Experimental Evaluations -- TANF WELFARE-TO-WORK PROVISIONS -- TANF WORK-ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUALS -- Who Is a TANF Work-Eligible Individual? -- TANF Assistance Families with and without Work-Eligible Individuals -- Characteristics of TANF Work-Eligible Individuals -- TANF'S WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR WORK-ELIGIBLE INDIVIDUALS -- Federal Requirements that Apply to Individual Recipients -- Employability Assessment -- Work within Two Years -- Sanctions for Failure to Comply with Work Requirements -- Activities of TANF Work-Eligible Individuals -- Working While on the TANF Assistance Rolls -- Participation of Work-Eligible Individuals by Selected Characteristics: FY2009 -- Trends in Work Activity -- THE TANF WORK PARTICIPATION STANDARD: MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE WELFARE-TO-WORK EFFORTS -- The Numerical Participation Standard -- The Caseload Reduction and "Excess MOE" Credits -- Official Participation Rates for FY2009 -- A Note on the Two-Parent Family Standard

Die Chanten leben als Rentierzüchter in der Taiga Westsibiriens – eine Lebensweise, die durch die Erdölförderung verdrängt wird. Ihr Leben verläuft heute räumlich und sozial im Wechsel zwischen Wald und Stadt. Ihre Strategien, kulturelle Differenz und Autonomie durch Grenzziehungen mit Hilfe religiöser Praktiken und sozialer Normen aufrechtzuerhalten, werden am Beispiel des Festes zum "Tag des Rentierzüchters" verdeutlicht. Der Autor zeigt, wie Menschen der Taiga in dieser Situation eigene Praktiken des Verbergens und Vermeidens, aber auch neue Wege der öffentlichen Repräsentation nutzen.

"In 2010 Shanghai hosted the largest, most spectacular and most expensive expo ever. Attracting a staggering 73 million visitors, and costing around US$45 billion dollars, Shanghai Expo broke the records in the history of world's fairs and universal expositions. With more than half of the world's population now living in cities, many of which face uncertain futures, this mega event confronted some of the key challenges facing humanity in the 21st Century, with its theme Better City, Better Life. Just two years after the Beijing Olympics, Shanghai Expo encapsulated a moment in history defined by China's rise as a global superpower, and by the multiple challenges associated with developing more sustainable cities. The thirteen essays here, written by a team of interdisciplinary researchers, offer a uniquely detailed analysis of this globally significant event. Chapters examine displays of futurity and utopia, the limitations of inter-cultural dialogue, and the ways in which this mega-event reflected its geo-political and cultural moment. Shanghai Expo also concentrates on the interplay between declarations towards urban sustainability, and the recent economic, demographic and socio-political trajectories of Shanghai and China more broadly. It will appeal to students and scholars of sociology, history, politics, international relations, economics, Asian studies, China studies, sustainability, and urban studies"--