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Abstract Defense logistics (DL) is an important and yet unexplored knowledge area of Production Engineering. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish the DL problem domain. The focus is on industrial, technological, institutional, organizational and, specially, strategic management aspects applied to logistics in the defense sector. It also proposes a conceptual framework identifying DL objectives, functional areas and interfaces with the environment. The framework defines the Defense Logistics Base (DLB) as a system meant to create and sustain military capability, but also involved with the development of industrial capability, related to high and medium-high technologies, applied to high value products, with dual use. Furthermore, it suggests a research agenda for future work on strategic management related to DL.

Activation as a social policy topic has been investigated since the late 1990s and continues to be popular in academic analysis and discourse. In this review, we highlight the wide range of research aims and themes covered within relevant publications. We also identify a considerable degree of conceptual inconsistency and ambiguity across the literature. Informed by methodological considerations, we conclude by suggesting a parsimonious root concept of activation which would allow for a more consistent and less ambiguous application within and across different levels of analysis.

The literature regarding the study of big cities and in particular the analysis of its expansion, refers to the use of concepts such as metropolis, agglomeration, big city, zone - area - metropolitan region, conurbation, megalopolis, urban region, and more recently, metapolis, in a more comprehensive way than the notion of city . However, these expressions are often used without consensus or certainties about their precise meaning, territorial scope and structural condition. In addition, and regardless of the degree of agglomeration inside the conurbation, the importance of identifying the functional city with some degree of accuracy concerns administrative and management reasons. Indeed, a minimum coordination is needed due to the plurality of districts involved, upon which there are flow developments, service networks and problem generations, whose resolution necessarily has to be agreed by the governments involved, as well as by other social actors. In this article we offer some conceptual clarification on these issues, trying to support their most appropriate use as terms to define processes and complex configurations. We also add a methodological proposal which, applied to the case study, is deemed useful for the determination of the respective territorial scopes. ; La literatura referida al estudio de grandes urbes y particularmente al análisis de su expansión, remite a la utilización de conceptos tales como metrópolis, aglomeración, gran ciudad, zona - área - región metropolitana, conurbación, megalópolis, región urbana, y más recientemente, metápolis, como nociones más abarcadoras que la de ciudad. Sin embargo, a menudo los mismos se aplican sin consenso ni certezas sobre su significado preciso, alcance territorial o condición estructural. Por otra parte, e independiente del grado de aglomeración física de las unidades integrantes, la importancia de identificar con cierto rigor a la ciudad funcional, apunta a razones de calidad administrativa y de gestión. En efecto, la pluralidad de distritos involucrados, sobre los cuales hay desarrollo de flujos, redes de servicios y generación de problemas, cuya resolución necesariamente ha de ser consensuada por los gobiernos implicados, así como por otros actores de la sociedad civil, requiere de la implementación de una coordinación mínima. En este artículo ofrecemos algunas aclaraciones conceptuales sobre estas cuestiones, procurando fundamentar su uso más apropiado, como terminología definitoria de procesos y configuraciones complejas, sumando una propuesta metodológica que, aplicada al estudio de caso, ponderamos útil para la determinación de los respectivos alcances territoriales. ; Para acceder al Dossier utilice el link: http://revistascientificas.filo.uba.ar/index.php/rtt/article/view/2848

Whilst publications exist identifying the concept of binge learning, little consideration has been paid to its alignment with government policy, modern society and technology – effectively its causes and resultant outcomes. This paper provides a conceptual model to explain the underlying causes and net outputs of binge learning, and identifies the social construct faced through its development over time.

El presente artículo responde a las preguntas sobre cómo surge la cooperación en el escenario internacional de actores naturalmente egoístas y cómo de ella deriva la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo llegando a ser su expresión más práctica y aplicada. Una vez establecido el marco teórico lógico y cronológico de la cooperación, el capítulo se adentra en el fascinante mundo de la universalización de las universidades mediante la aplicación de la cooperación por parte de ellas, no sólo en su afán de mayor visibilidad y calidad sino también en su voluntad de impactar sobre el desarrollo humano. Termina siendo un paseo por la fundamentación conceptual de la cooperación interuniversitaria ilustrado con algunos casos de academia cooperativa y competitiva a nivel global y regional.

The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to provide a conceptual framework for the analysis of immigration policy effects. As pointed out by Hollifield (2008), the challenge of theorists of international migration is not simply to demonstrate that the state and politics matter, but to show how. By proposing an encompassing conceptualisation of the effects of immigration policy on the stock and flow of immigrants, the paper makes a first step in overcoming this challenge. However, as immigration policies have different effects on different categories of immigrants, secondly, the paper aims at providing clarity on the categorisation of immigrants and the relationship between the different categories. In a first step, the categorisation of immigrants is thus discussed and the interplay between regular immigrants, asylum seekers and irregular immigrants is outlined. Second, immigration policy and immigration policy effects are defined and last, five types of immigration policy effects are identified: 1) admission effects, 2) deterrence effects, 3) deflection/substitution effects, 4) magnet effects and 5) a definition effect, and their effects on the three categories of immigrants are hypothesised.

Fractions represent the manner of writing parts of whole numbers (integers). Rules for operations with fractions differ from rules for operations with integers. Students face difficulties in understanding fractions, especially operations with fractions. These difficulties are well known in didactics of Mathematics throughout the world and there is a lot of research regarding problems in learning about fractions. Methods for facilitating understanding fractions have been discovered, which are essentially related to visualizing operations with fractions.

This report presents the draft MICS conceptual framework which constitutes the overarching structure within which novel and appropriate impact assessment methods will be provided for citizen science projects, including the MICS case studies, and which will inform the MICS online platform. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824711.

This article concentrates on the work of three students, all of whom were born blind. It raises issues which may pose problems for those whose ideas on art are relatively conventional, and highlights the difficulties we have in applying conventional terminology to the art of blind people. Addressing these difficulties provides insights into aspects of art which have universal application in a century in which traditional visual conventions have been continually and effectively challenged, the work of those who have never seen has special significance. Like the work of many modern artists, it is often as much conceptual as perceptual in its origins. In a time obsessed with future directions it is surely appropriate to drop preconceptions and begin viewing the work of blind people in its own right

A pesar de ser un término comúnmente empleado en la doctrina jurídica actual, el concepto de "Constitución económica" permite interpretaciones muy variadas, incluso contrapuestas. La presente contribución pretende esbozar las características esenciales de este concepto. Tras recorrer teóricamente la evolución de la Constitución económica (en especial, su origen ordoliberal y las definiciones alternativas más significativas en el nivel europeo), se proponen tres rasgos fundamentales que otorgarían a esta norma una estabilidad vital. Se trata de un concepto jurídico, autónomo, que se intersecta constantemente con la Constitución política en dos ámbitos básicos (ámbito social y ámbito axiológico). La interconexión vital de las dos normas justificaría la existencia de un criterio de legitimidad común en las dos Constituciones (el principio de la dignidad humana). Por último, se proponen dos posibles funciones de la Constitución económica, definidas como efectos de la regulación jurídica: la función constitutiva (reconocimiento del mercado como herramienta de protección de la libertad económica en sentido estricto) y la función potenciadora (garantía de la libertad económica sustantiva y su armonización con el resto de vertientes de la libertad humana). ; Although it is a commonly used term in contemporary legal doctrine, the concept of "Economic Constitution" allows for widely varying, even conflicting, interpretations. The present contribution aims to outline the essential characteristics of this concept. Following a theoretical overview of the evolution of the Economic Constitution (especially its ordoliberal origins and the most significant alternative definitions at the European level), three basic features are proposed in order to ensure the vital stability of this norm. It is a legal and autonomous concept that consistently overlaps with the Political Constitution on two core areas (social and axiological). The vital interconnection of the two norms could justify the existence of a common criterion of legitimacy within the two Constitutions (the principle of human dignity). Lastly, two possible functions of the Economic Constitution are suggested: foundational (recognition of the market as a tool for the protection of economic freedom in a narrow sense) and enforcement (protection of substantive economic freedom and its harmonization with the other dimensions of human freedom).

Based on the analysis of predecessors' research, the article identifies four prevailing conceptual approaches to the disclosure of the essence of the category "customs control" (functional, procedural, methodological and financial), which allowed to conclude the complex nature of the latter. The following features of customs control are highlighted: 1) customs control is an integral part of financial control, since its purpose is to assess financial flows caused by the movement of goods and other objects abroad 2) customs control is an integral part of state control, which is due to the presence of authority in its subjects and the procedural and procedural form of implementation of customs control; 3) the preliminary-prohibiting nature of customs control; 4) features of the implementation of forms of customs control (can be carried out exclusively in areas of customs control, outside the relevant customs zones) 5) features of the principles of implementation of customs control, due to its specifics; 6) the specifics of controlled objects (currency values, accompanied and unaccompanied baggage, vehicles, goods or freight, goods containing intellectual property, international mail, etc.) 7) the specificity of methods and techniques of customs control (verification of documents, current customs audit, audits, oral questioning, inspection of customs facilities, etc.) 8) preventive, since the target orientation of customs control is to prevent customs violations regulations and smuggling. The proposed clarified interpretation of this category as a special type of state financial control, carried out in the zones of customs control by authorized entities when moving goods and other items across the country's border by methods established by law, is aimed at observance of customs legislation by controlled entities.

The paper offers a conceptual framework to investigate the phenomenon of entrepreneurial parties in the countries of East-Central Europe. The authors evaluate existing concepts related to increasing interdependence of party politics and the business sector, such as business-firm parties. These concepts are typically much too bound to a particular example of historically emerging entrepreneurial party and therefore the paper offers a more general concept of entrepreneurial party. The concept is based on five basic features: (1) the central role of the leader and his private initiative, (2) the party as a personal vehicle, (3) the crucial formative influence of a leader over the political project. Two other features are related to the social and institutional un-rootedness of the entrepreneurial party which is neither a product of (4) a promoter/sponsor organisation or social movement, nor it is an outcome of (5) a parliamentary split or emergence of a new faction.