Suchergebnisse

The Seshat: Global History Databank was founded in 2011 with the goal of systematically collecting data about social, political, and economic organization of human societies and how they have evolved over time. From the beginning the first guiding principle of the Seshat project was to reflect the current state of knowledge about past societies as accurately as possible within practical constraints (I'll discuss practical limitations later on). Second, and equally important, our aim for the database was to reflect not only what is known, but what is unknown, or poorly known.

The Seshat: Global History Databank was founded in 2011 with the goal of systematically collecting data about social, political, and economic organization of human societies and how they have evolved over time. From the beginning the first guiding principle of the Seshat project was to reflect the current state of knowledge about past societies as accurately as possible within practical constraints (I'll discuss practical limitations later on). Second, and equally important, our aim for the database was to reflect not only what is known, but what is unknown, or poorly known.

Indigenous knowledge has become a catchphrase in global struggles for environmental justice. Yet indigenous knowledges are often viewed, incorrectly, as pure and primordial cultural artifacts. This collection draws from African and North American cases to argue that the forms of knowledge identified as "indigenous" resulted from strategies to control environmental resources during and after colonial encounters. At times indigenous knowledges represented a "middle ground" of intellectual exchanges between colonizers and colonized; elsewhere, indigenous knowledges were defined through conflic.

Abstract /Summary
In light of the widely discussed issues on the modernization and industrialization of East Asia, it is sometimes overlooked that there has been a constant exchange of knowledge between East Asia and Europe. This "transfer of knowledge" during all known times was associated with the traffic of humans, animals and goods and had an input on skills and techniques, too. And it were not only goods, skills and knowledge, but religions, world views and cultures that were exchanged. Thus is it productive to speak of an "transfer of knowledge"? Is it not rather productive to speak of a constant exchange and thus of an "interchange of knowledge" - and so of a steadily ongoing process of giving and taking? So is the real question what separates East Asia and Europe or what they have in common? It is precisely this general problem that is to be pursued in a special question in time, for which there are no written sources. So it is about the earliest history, possibly even the origin of exchange processes between East and West, which can be achieved with most modern methods. Are the latest methods and results of archeology providing us with information on whether, as of when and in what areas, an exchange of knowledge between East and West existed before the time of writing? This question is being examined in a central region of the exchange, namely the "Oasis Silk Road" with the "bottle neck" of the Taklamakan. The present study / presentation is only a small, highly incomplete "florilegium" - a selection of flowers. Pilot studies with precise questions would be needed. Such preliminary investigations and pilot studies could also be made for other regions of knowledge exchange and cultural interaction in East Asia in general. On the methodical side, all methods of historiography and archeology have their specific advantages, but also their specific disadvantages. In the issue "Eurasian Interchange of Knowledge in Times before Writing", the combined results of historiography, modern archeology, and recent natural scientific and (molecular) biological archaeology are the basis for our current state of knowledge. On the long run the different methods and results from a variety of different scientific areas have to be evaluated in their meaningfulness, reach and validity for the historiography of human action. On the basis of the results from historiography and archeology in the widest sense, can be assumed that there has been an exchange of materials, products, skills and creatures - animals and humans - since the beginning of the early agrarian culture in the Neolithic Age. Exchange processes in the widest sense in the later times of writing therefore seldom meet an almost untouched field. Rather, exchange processes usually build on existing cultural peculiarities, which are already an amalgam and thus an inseparable mixture of previous exchange processes.

"WAS IST WAS" - hinter diesem etwas kryptischen Titel verbarg sich für Kinder und Jugendliche der 1960er- bis 1980er-Jahre das Wissen der Welt. Mindestens einige dieser etwa 40-seitigen Bildbände über "Dinosaurier", "Das Weltall", "Seeschlachten", "Das Mittelalter", "Autos", "Päpste" oder "Insekten" standen in so gut wie jedem westdeutschen Kinderzimmer. Und wer sie besaß, wird zugeben müssen, noch heute von diesem Wissen zu zehren. "WAS IST WAS" war die deutsche Variante einer amerikanischen Kindersachbuchreihe, die unter dem Titel "How and Why - Wonderbooks" seit den 1950er-Jahren erschien. Der Nürnberger Tessloff-Verlag erwarb die Rechte an diesem Titel, übersetzte ihn in "WAS IST WAS" und brachte die ersten vier Kindersachbücher 1961 heraus (zunächst als Zeitschriftenreihe, ab 1963 dann in Buchform). Über 140 Bände sind bisher erschienen, und viele von ihnen sind in aktualisierten Neuauflagen weiterhin lieferbar. Die Reihe ist nicht abgeschlossen, inzwischen aber multi-medialisiert - und sie hat Konkurrenz bekommen.

This volume offers a detailed exploration of coloniality in the discipline of linguistics, with case studies drawn from across the world. The chapters provide a nuanced account of the coloniality of linguistics at the level of knowledge and disciplinary practice, and expand their discussion to imagine a decolonial linguistics

Introduction -- The idea of scientific history -- History and the social sciences -- Contrasting approaches to scientific history -- Henri berr and historical synthesis -- Henri berr, the theoretician of historical knowledge -- Henri berr, the organizer and promoter of synthesis -- The durkheimian school and history -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

In history, the idea of uncertainty has taken on many forms, both in the methodological field, with for example the definition of historical sources as traces, and in epistemological terms, with the major question of causality or even ontological with the infinite extension of the "historian's territory". Nevertheless, more than an operative notion perhaps, it has long remained as an invariant, a kind of epistemological madguard (a "residue" according to the term adopted by Marc Bloch) of historical knowledge. The question of the historicization of the idea of uncertainty in the historical discipline is related to the place assigned to it in the epistemology of historians, always in tension with the desire for scientificity and truth that has long structured the disciplinarization and professionalization of history. Where do we place the cursor between uncertainty and truth for historical knowledge? This could be the guiding question to periodize the place of the idea of uncertainty in history and roughly distinguish after a predominantly scientist phase linked to the professionalization of the historical discipline (19th-first 20th century), a phase of doubts about history's ability to tell the truth, which became clear at the end of the 1970s and could conveniently be characterized as the great reversal of uncertainty in history, which, from an embarrassing limitation to reducing as much as possible, became an operating principle for defatalising history. However, it will be necessary to question this periodization, more or less modelled on the general evolutions of the sciences, marked in particular by the rise in power of probabilistic and indeterministic approaches and more or less directly related to what is perceived by the majority as the rise of uncertainty in the historical world itself ; this will require taking into account another level of analysis that adds to the weight of uncertainty in history, the moral and political dimension around the question of the social function of history.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction - Early Modern Scientific Networks: Knowledge and Community in a Globalizing World, 1500-1800 -- Part I: Brokers of Knowledge -- 1: A Scholarly Intermediary Between the Ottoman Empire and Renaissance Europe -- 2: How Information Travels: Jesuit Networks, Scientific Knowledge, and the Early Modern Republic of Letters, 1540-1640 -- 3: Deciphering the Ignatian Tree: The Catholic Horoscope of the Society of Jesus -- 4: The Early Modern Information Factory: How Samuel Hartlib Turned Correspondence into Knowledge -- Part II: Configuring Scientific Networks -- 5: Letters and Questionnaires: the Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg and the Early Royal Society of London's Inquiries ... -- 6: Ingenuous Investigators: Antonio Vallisneri's Regional Network and the Making of Natural Knowledge in ... -- 7: Corresponding in War and Peace: The Challenge of Rebooting Anglo-french Scientific Relations During the Peace of Amiens -- Part III: How Knowledge Travels -- 8: Giant Bones and the Taunton Stone: American Antiquities, World History, and the Protestant International -- 9: The Tarot of Yu the Great: the Search for Civilization's Origins Between France and China in the Age of Enlightenment -- 10: Spaces of Circulation and Empires of Knowledge: Ethnolinguistics and Cartography in Early Colonial India -- Part IV: The Local and the Global -- 11: Recentering Centers of Calculation: Reconfiguring Knowledge Networks Within Global Empires of Trade -- 12: The Atlantic World Medical Complex -- 13: Semedo's Sixteen Secrets: Tracing Pharmaceutical Networks in the Portuguese Tropics -- Epilogue -- 14: Following Ghosts: Skinning Science in Early Modern Eurasia.