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Between 2020 and 2021, one hundred and ten bills in state legislatures across the United States suggested banning the participation of transgender athletes on sports teams for girls and women. As of July 2021, ten such bills have become state law. This paper tracks the political shift towards targeting transgender athletes. Conservative political interests now seek laws that suture biological determinist arguments to civil rights of bodies. Although narrow binary definitions of sex have long operated in the background as a means for policy implementation under Title IX, Republican lawmakers now aim to reframe sex non-discrimination policies as means of gendered exclusion. The content of proposals reveal the centrality of ideas about bodily immutability, and body politics more generally, in shaping the future of American gender politics. My analysis of bills from 2021 argues that legislative proposals advance a logic of "cisgender supremacy" inhering in political claims about normatively gendered bodies. Political institutions are another site for advancing, enshrining, and normalizing cis-supremacist gender orders, explicitly joining cause with medical authorities as arbiters of gender normativity. Characteristics of bodies and their alleged role in evidencing sex itself have fueled the tactics of anti-transgender activists on the political Right. However, the target of their aims is not mere policy change but a state-sanctioned return to a narrowly cis- and heteropatriarchal gender order.

AbstractResearch on gender in psychology has increasingly affirmed diversity in gender, with recognition of binary and nonbinary transgender experiences. However, gender has been presumed to be cisgender (congruent with sex) and binary (either male or female) in classical developmental theories. In response, this review engages in a critical analysis of classical gender development theory informed by findings about gender from research on transgender identities. Under analysis was the concept of gender self‐categorization in classical theories of gender development including cognitive developmental theory, developmental gender schema theory, and social cognitive theory. Novel theoretical approaches are then outlined to situate recent advancements alongside classical theory. Conclusions are then drawn with brief recommendations for research methods that aim to include binary and nonbinary transgender participants. Drawing on the findings of this review it has been shown that gender self‐categorization is often implicitly presumed to be cisgender identification. To overcome this bias, it is suggested that greater attention to specific gender self‐categorization mechanisms are needed to open opportunities to include transgender experiences.

Introduction to transgender rights and politics / Jami K. Taylor and Donald P. Haider-Markel -- Framing in the united states and abroad -- Issue framing and transgender politics : an examination of interest group websites and media coverage / Barry L. Tadlock -- Transgender policy in latin american countries : an overview and comparative perspective on framing / Jacob R. Longaker and Donald P. Haider-Markel -- Advocacy and interest groups -- Interest groups and transgender politics : opportunities and challenges / Anthony J. Nownes -- The advocacy coalition framework and transgender inclusion in lgbt rights activism / Jami K. Taylor and Daniel C. Lewis -- The diffusion and implementation of transgender-inclusive nondiscrimination policy -- Transgender-inclusive ordinances in cities : form of government, local politics, and vertical influences / Jami K. Taylor, Barry L. Tadlock, Sarah J. Poggione, and Brian DiSarro -- Is transgender policy different? : policy complexity, policy diffusion, andLGBT nondiscrimination law / Daniel C. Lewis, Jami K. Taylor, Brian DiSarro, and Matthew L. Jacobsmeier -- Executive expansion of transgender rights : electoral incentives to issue or revoke executive orders / Mitchell D. Sellers -- Policy learning, language, and implementation by local governments with transgender-inclusive nondiscrimination policies / Mitchell D. Sellers and Roddrick Colvin -- Beyond nondiscrimination policy -- Key issues in transgender health care policy and practice / Ryan Combs -- Birth certificate amendment laws and morality politics / Jami K. Taylor, Barry L. Tadlock, and Sarah J. Poggione -- Conclusion and future directions in transgender politics and policy / Jami K. Taylor and Donald P. Haider-Markel -- Contributors -- Index

This article examines the rationale of the continuing Finnish transgender sterilization requirement against the background of reproductive justice. I examine how and why the Finnish public debate on removing the sterilization clause from the Trans Act does not include an equal demand to 1) include a parental law reform and 2) a legislation on accessible, affordable and just reproductive health care for transgender persons and (cis)women alike. I will argue that since the citizens' initiative of the marriage equality legislation in Finland was followed by another citizens' initiative to reform the Maternity Act to include lesbian couples, transgender reproductive justice became a secondary issue. Another influence in the debates is the ongoing Finnish discussion on the declining birth rate and the heterosexual responsibility to reproduce for the sake of the nation.

"Nepantla Squared maps the lives of two transgender mestiz@s to chart the ways race, gender, sex, ethnicity, and capital function differently in different times. Heidenreich coins the term nepantla² to mark figures who moved between cultures and genders"--

The regulative and oppressive effects of gender norms on bodies of transgender workers have been mostly explored in standard binary gender work settings. We explore the regulative effects of specialized transgender work regimes by posing the following two questions: how do specialized transgendered work regimes regulate transgender work and bodies? and how do transgender workers cope with these regimes? Through a case study of khwajasiras, a community of male-to-female transgender people in Pakistan, we explain how competing and conflicting body ideals of hyper-eroticism, spirituality, and hybridity set by these regimes, allow khwajasiras to transgress the binary gender norms. Ironically, however, these specialized work regimes have their own regulative and oppressive effects on khwajasiras' bodies and work. We then demonstrate how khwajasiras cope with these regulative effects in three different ways: embracing the body ideals, strategically shifting work and body across the regimes, and relegating body norms as unimportant for being a transgender. We finally argue that these differences in enacting different form of transgenderness is an outcome of a tight coupling or contradiction between audiences, khwajasira community and individual workers' own sense of transgender authenticity.

In this article, we bring new insights and add to existing conversations both about the discursive contestations around transgender subjects and about the theory of articulation. We argue that transgender subjectivity has become a part of a larger hegemonic struggle to define the purpose and modalities of contemporary politics and has become a key moment in political power struggles between hegemonic projects. We provide a detailed and closely analyzed example of how articulation allows us to parse apart the linkages through which signifiers are given meanings. We display how different political actors articulate the same signifier within diverging discourses, showing how gender identities are caught up within relations of power that seek to exclude and marginalize.

Much has been said and written about trans people by theologians and Church leaders, while little has been heard from trans Christians themselves. As a step towards redressing the balance, This Is My Body offers a grounded reflection on people's experience of gender dissonance that involves negotiating the boundaries between one's identity and religious faith, as well as a review of the most up-to-date theological, cultural and scientific literature.The book has been compiled and edited by Christina Beardsley, a priest and hospital chaplain, writer and activist for trans inclusion in the Church, and Michelle O'Brien, who has been involved in advocacy, research, lecturing and writing about intersex and trans issues. It includes contributions from many people associated with the Sibyls, the UK-based confidential spirituality group for transgender people and their allies.