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Purpose: to analyze existing threats, dangers and challenges the EU countries in terms of the present and the formulation of the basic foundations for the formation of the concept of ensuring public safety in the EU. Methods: Using a comparative method of scientific knowledge identified the major security threats in the EU and proposed substantive provisions of the administrative doctrine improve safety through the use of formal legal method. Results: the paper is dedicated to the problems of public security maintenance in the present-day context. Methods, techniques and strategies of public security maintenance as a scientific and public phenomenon are revealed. The levels of public security maintenance within the European Community are defined. Summarizing mentioned above, the concept of the service state in terms of the EU countries public security maintenance is the definition of course of development of the state mechanism and management of all administrative control branches. The main aim of which is to create mechanisms of risks and threats prevention with the respect to individuals' rights, freedoms and legal interests in the societies of the EU countries. The concept of the service state as such is a practical result of the EU countries policy on elimination and neutralization of migration, military and terrorist threats. Discussion: in this article the author offers the basic provisions of the administrative doctrine enhance public safety in the European society. ; Цель: анализ существующих угроз, опасностей и вызовов странам ЕС в сегодняшних условиях и формулировки базовых основ для формирования концепции обеспечения общественной безопасности в странах ЕС. Методы исследования: Используя компаративный метод научного познания выявлены основные угрозы безопасности в странах ЕС и предложены основные положения административной доктрины повышение уровня безопасности за использование формально-юридического метода. Результаты: Проблема общественной безопасности стран Европейского союза регулируется нормами ...

The implementation of the European Union's (EU) Green Deal to reduce emissions by 2030 and to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 will have an impact on the EU's trade policy and on its trade relations with its non-EU partners. With the ongoing decarbonisation process of European economic sectors, the EU's climate policy will be in­creasingly integrated into its trade policy through measures such as the Carbon Bor­der Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and by strengthening the environment chapters of its trade agreements. Therefore, the debate on the future of Turkey-EU trade rela­tions should focus on future prospects for decarbonisation and trade if both sides are keen to maintain or deepen their trade relations. In the current context, which is rife with geopolitical and energy security considerations, a long-term vision and a holistic approach are needed now more than ever. (author's abstract)

The 'greater Nordic space' between Great Britain, Germany and Russia has over time varied with the balance of power. The Baltic States e.g. have been in and out of the space, rejoining by regaining sovereignty after the end of the Cold War. Russia's actions in Ukraine and beyond during 2014 mark the end of the Post-Cold War period and its aspiration to peaceful integration. The small states of the greater Nordic space are now rediscovering their inescapable geopolitical nearness to Russia. Drawing on RSCT and Nordic-Baltic integration literature, the article contributes to understanding the Northern European part of the Euro-Russian Regional Security Complex. Theoretically, the article links RSCT and integration logics through the twin concepts of a 'security region' (given outside-in as one part of a negatively defined RSC), and a 'political region' (created inside-out under the shield provided by the security region). To link the two concepts, Heidegger's idea of Geworfenheit, or thrownness, is employed to capture how the states of the greater Nordic space are always already subject to the dynamics underlying that space and how this condition affects the states' interpretation of their changing surroundings, including translation into political regionality. Empirically, the article therefore argues that Russia's new foreign policy has created a greater Nordic space 'security region' – supported by the United States – that is paving the way for new integration initiatives to a strengthened 'political region' inside the space, possibly as a 'greater Nordic region'.

In the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), there is a growth in the implementation of transgenic crops, with the aim of boosting their economies and improving the yield of their plantations. For this reason, the aim of this research was to analyses the agroecological and legal perspectives of Ecuador in relation to the possible planting, production and commercialization of transgenic crops in the country, evaluating two fundamental aspects: conflicts in relation to the issue and the possible consequences for agrobiodiversity and food sovereignty. By means of a narrative bibliographic review and the laws of Ecuador that regulate the issue. The analysis shows that the country's legal position prohibits the implementation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), with the exception of the executive mandate authorized by the legislature. The fact that their consumption is not prohibited or regulated causes legal disputes in this context. Agroecology thus sees GMOs as harmful, in contrast to agribusiness, which sees them as an alternative for the future of the world's food supply. It is concluded that, although the implementation of GMOs through transgenesis is more profitable, the population in LAC is resilient to their consumption. Poor management can directly or indirectly have adverse consequences for the environment and agrobiodiversity, which is why their use should be regulated in order to avoid the degradation of ecosystems when planting, production and commercialization are implemented. Keywords: Plant Ecology; Genetically Modified Organisms; Environmental policy; Food Security. ; En los países de América Latina y el Caribe (LAC), existe un crecimiento en la implementación de cultivos transgénicos, con el fin de potenciar sus economías y mejorar el rendimiento de sus plantaciones. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar un análisis de las perspectivas: agroecológica y jurídica de Ecuador, ante la posible siembra, producción y comercialización de cultivos transgénicos ...

Mit Blick auf die Versorgungssicherheit im Stromsektor werden derzeit nicht nur in Deutschland verschiedene Kapazitätsmechanismen diskutiert. Dazu zählt eine Strategische Reserve, also das Vorhalten einzelner Kraftwerke, die nur in Notsituationen mit einem knappen Stromangebot und hohen Preisen zum Einsatz kommen. Die Diskussion der entsprechenden Instrumente findet bisher weitgehend im nationalen Kontext statt. Die EU-Kommission setzt zwar seit Beginn der Debatte auf die Synergieeffekte des europäischen Binnenmarktes, allerdings dominieren bisher noch einzelstaatliche Interessen die Diskussion. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat das DIW Berlin die Möglichkeiten der grenzübergreifenden Koordination einer Strategischen Reserve, die den Strommarkt absichert und die Energiewende in Deutschland und Europa unterstützt, betrachtet. Die Analyse zeigt, dass eine Strategische Reserve, die Erzeugungskapazitäten außerhalb des marktbasierten Stromhandels für extreme Knappheitssituationen vorhält, die Versorgungssicherheit erhöhen und kompatibel zum EU-Strombinnenmarkt ausgestaltet werden kann. ; Various capacity mechanisms are currently being discussed in Germany and beyond with a view to increasing supply security in the power sector. One of these mechanisms includes keeping a strategic reserve which means only using specific individual power plants in emergency situations when supply is limited and prices are high. The debate on whether and which instruments to use has, so far, largely taken place in a national context. Since the start of the debate, the EU Commission has indeed opted for the synergy effects of the single European market but the national interests of individual countries dominated the discussion. Against this background, DIW Berlin has studied the possibility of coordinating a strategic reserve between countries to secure the power market and support the energy transition in Europe. The analysis shows that a strategic reserve of generating capacity that is only dispatched above a defined strike price would increase supply security and would be compatible with the internal EU power market.

International food law: history and evolution /Uché Ewelukwa Ofodile --Right to food in international law /Margherita Brunori & Pier Filippo Giuggioli --The UN decade of action on nutrition: opportunities and challenges in a time of a pandemic /Khaled Eltaweel --The international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the 2050 food challenge /Domenico Pignone --Codex Alimentarius: safe, good food for everyone /Tom Heilandt --Food Safety under WTO law /Daria Boklan --Checking compliance with food law: control, inspection and approval procedures under the WTO SPS Agreement /Denise Prévost --Food production and animal welfare: an international law perspective /Ilja Richard Pavone --Right to food and food security: a comparative prospective /Francesco Alicino --regulating health claims: an international comparison /Jill E. Hobbs, Stavroula Malla & May T. Yeung --Food safety in the United States /Alexia Brunet Marks --CAFOs: climate change, livestock production and the law /Justo Corti Varela --An overview of EU food law /Luchino Ferraris --EU agricultural law and the common agricultural policy /Alberto Germanò & Eva Rook Basile --Food safety system in the EU /Maria Pia Ragionieri --Food waste in EU food law /David Röttgen & Francesca Allocco --The EU policy to protect bees: the restrictions to the use of neonicotinoids and the emergency authorizations granted by MS - in search of a long-term strategy on pesticides /Daniela Corona --Biotechnology and food and feed safety assessment /Gijs A. Kleter & Harry A. Kuiper

This past April the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute held its Seventh Annual Strategy Conference. The theme, "China Into the 21st Century: Strategic Partner and . . . or Peer Competitor," was especially timely. Dr. David Shambaugh and Senior Colonel Wang Zhongchun look at China from two very different perspectives. Professor Shambaugh contends that those who succeed Deng Xiaoping, fearful of any further erosion of Communist Party hegemony and determined to return China to a purer form of neo-Maoist Marxism, will become even more conservative as China's economic and social problems intensify. Despite considerable political and economic challenges, his best estimate is that China will, from inherent inertia, "muddle through" well into the 21st century. Indeed, it is in the interests of the United States for China to hold together as a territorial nation-state and political unit because disintegration would foster socio-economic dislocations that could destabilize Asia. At the same time, U.S. policy must maintain pressure on China to improve human and civil rights performance. Senior Colonel Wang Zhongchun provides a tour d'horizon of nearly a half-century of Chinese defense policy, from a distinctly PRC perspective. He then argues that China has attained a position of security and, even though the world presents many uncertainties, Beijing is committed to playing a positive role for peace and stability in Asia. The central principle in today's security analysis is that defense policy must support economic development so that China can grow into an economically progressive, democratic, and modern socialist country. Colonel Wang portrays China's military posture as one that seeks, above all, to protect China's territorial sovereignty, while focusing in this relatively peaceful era on modernizing in step with national economic development. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1207/thumbnail.jpg

What was the world supposed to look like after the end of the Cold War? In German foreign policy, the focus was on shaping Europe with the Treaty of Maastricht and establishing a security system that would preserve the balance of Germany's relationship with the crumbling USSR and the states in Central and Eastern Europe. The Golf War and attempts to prevent the Yugoslav conflict presented further challenges

Foreword Chinmaya R Gharekhan; Preface; The 21st Century World; India and South Asia; Pakistan and Afghanistan; Bangladesh, Myanmar and Northeast Region; Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan; Tibet and China; 'Look East' Policy; Persian Gulf, Palestine and Israel; Russia and Eurasia; United States and Nuclear Issues; Energy Security; Economic Diplomacy; Defence and Diplomacy; Traditions and Institutions; India's Strategic Choices; India Rising?; Index

The Federal Constitutionall Law on taxation and religion -- State Consitutions on religion and taxation -- The Internal revenue Code and religious institutions -- State tax statutes and religious exemptions -- Untangling entanglement -- Parsonages, parsonage allowances, and the religious exemptions from Social Security Taxes and the Health Care mandate -- Other issues for the future : Churches' lobbying, campaigning, and sales taxation -- Constitutional and tax policy issues

The Institute of Medicine: Adviser to the Nation -- Highlighted reports -- Global health and infectious disease -- Health sciences and the research enterprise -- Ensuring food safety and proper nutrition -- Assuring the public's health -- Health care delivery system and performance capabilities -- Human security and bioterrorism -- Military personnel and veterans -- Robert Wood Johnson Health Policy Fellowships Program -- Senior nurse scholar program -- Recent and upcoming reports

This analysis aims to evaluate the implementation of the priorities of the French Presidency of the Council of the European Union and the challenges it faced, with particular emphasis on the objectives of the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy. The article describes the French Presidency in a broader European geopolitical context, which affected the final shape of the presidency's goals and their implementation.

Theoretical aspects of the State Treasury control mechanism development. Research of aspects of funding methods of financial security of regional policy development is presented. The aims and tasks of the Investment Fund of Republic of Uzbekistan are investigated. Disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative criteria used for selection of investment projects claiming to get financial support from the government are discussed.

This presentation was given as part of the conference "Understanding the Dark Web and Its Implications for Policy" held on May 18, 2018 at the Virginia Tech Executive Briefing Center in Arlington, Virginia. ; Virginia Tech. Department of Political Science ; Virginia Tech. Institute for Society, Culture, and Environment ; Virginia Tech. National Capital Region ; Infragard ; Bluestone Analytics ; Virginia Tech. Integrated Security Destination Area ; Government Technology & Services Coalition