Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This text has two goals. First, to rely on the work of Louis Quéré, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the two dominant models of two dominant models: an epistemological model enrolling the theory of information and cybernetics in an instrumental aim; a political model that aims at inter-understanding at the service of self-determination of the citizens in the elaboration of norms that govern them. Moreover, we wish to add to this review, two models which go beyond the limits of the first two approaches: a praxeological model that relies on praxis as an organizing activity of shared perspectives; a model of incommunication that reverses the situation and makes the impossibility of achieving intercomprehension the norm. ; Ce texte vise deux objectifs. Tout d'abord, s'appuyer sur les travaux de Louis Quéré pour révéler les forces et les faiblesses des deux modèles dominants : un modèle épistémologique s'inscrivant dans le sillage de la théorie de l'information et de la cybernétique dans une visée instrumentale ; un modèle politique qui vise l'intercompréhension au service de l'autodétermination des citoyens dans l'élaboration des normes qui les gouvernent. Par ailleurs, nous souhaitons ajouter à cette revue deux modèles qui permettent de dépasser les limites des deux premières approches : un modèle praxéologique qui s'appuie sur la praxis comme activité organisante de perspectives partagées ; un modèle de l'incommunication qui fait de l'impossibilité d'aboutir à l'intercompréhension la norme des relations sociales.

International audience ; This text has two goals. First, to rely on the work of Louis Quéré, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the two dominant models of two dominant models: an epistemological model enrolling the theory of information and cybernetics in an instrumental aim; a political model that aims at inter-understanding at the service of self-determination of the citizens in the elaboration of norms that govern them. Moreover, we wish to add to this review, two models which go beyond the limits of the first two approaches: a praxeological model that relies on praxis as an organizing activity of shared perspectives; a model of incommunication that reverses the situation and makes the impossibility of achieving intercomprehension the norm. ; Ce texte vise deux objectifs. Tout d'abord, s'appuyer sur les travaux de Louis Quéré pour révéler les forces et les faiblesses des deux modèles dominants : un modèle épistémologique s'inscrivant dans le sillage de la théorie de l'information et de la cybernétique dans une visée instrumentale ; un modèle politique qui vise l'intercompréhension au service de l'autodétermination des citoyens dans l'élaboration des normes qui les gouvernent. Par ailleurs, nous souhaitons ajouter à cette revue deux modèles qui permettent de dépasser les limites des deux premières approches : un modèle praxéologique qui s'appuie sur la praxis comme activité organisante de perspectives partagées ; un modèle de l'incommunication qui fait de l'impossibilité d'aboutir à l'intercompréhension la norme des relations sociales.

General reflections on the challenges, opportunities, & tasks confronting the social sciences in the Third World are presented. In the 1960s & 1970s, the shortcomings of traditional, Europe-centered social science were increasingly recognized, especially its inadequacy for describing processes of change. Certain groups revived Marxist approaches, but the new generation of indigenous social scientists in Africa, Latin America, & Asia are faced with four progressively radical options: (1) adaptation of Western theories; (2) decolonization of the social sciences (eliminating traces of neocolonialism); & (3) indigenization, leading to (4) national & collective self-reliance. 16 References. C. Waters.

The booming increase of the senior population has become a social phenomenon and a challenge to our societies, and technological advances have undoubtedly contributed to improve the lives of elderly citizens in numerous aspects. In current debates on technology, however, the »human factor« is often largely ignored. The ageing individual is rather seen as a malfunctioning machine whose deficiencies must be diagnosed or as a set of limitations to be overcome by means of technological devices. This volume aims at focusing on the perspective of human beings deriving from the development and use of technology: this change of perspective - taking the human being and not technology first - may help us to become more sensitive to the ambivalences involved in the interaction between humans and technology, as well as to adapt technologies to the people that created the need for its existence, thus contributing to improve the quality of life of senior citizens.