Suchergebnisse

Part One. Emerging Media Trends in Theory and Research Chapter 1. Introduction: Connecting CMC and Social Media Research; Jeremy Harris Lipschultz, Karen Freberg, and Regina Luttrell Chapter 2. Social Media Theories; Carolyn A. Lin and David J. Atkin Chapter 3. Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) and Social Media; Nicky Chang Bi and Ruonan Zhang Chapter 4. Unobtrusive Observational Approaches to Studying the Texting Life of Couples: A Case Study of Interpersonal Conflict; Miriam Brinberg, Rachel Reymann Vanderbilt, and Denise Haunani Solomon Chapter 5. How Social Media Serve As a Super Spreader of Misinformation, Disinformation and Conspiracy Theories Regarding Health Crises; Thomas J. Johnson, Ryan Wallace, and Taeyoung Lee Chapter 6. Global Culture, Power and Health Communication: India Fights Corona On the Battlefield of Social Media Platforms; Deepti Ganapathy Chapter 7. The COVID 19 Infodemic: Algorithmic Gatekeeping, Confirmation Bias, and Social Identity; T. Phillip Madison, Kyun David Kim, and William R. Davie Chapter 8. Mourning Using Social Media: The New Frontier for Death Communication; Jensen Moore Chapter 9. Saving Face: Theorizing Arab Women's Emerging Self-(re)presentations on Instagram; Zoe Hurley Chapter 10. Finding Love Online: An Overview and Future Directions for Research on Online Dating; Brianna L. Lane and David J. Roaché Chapter 11. A Textual Analysis of Online Asexual Representation and Visibility on Reddit; Kyle Webster Chapter 12. Gamification, Tinder-effect and Tinder-fatigue: Dating as a CMC Experience; Olga Solovyeva and Alexander V. Laskin Chapter 13. #MoreLatinosInNews: A Call for Representation; Teresa Puente Chapter 14. News Agenda Setting in Social Media Era: Twitter as Alternative News Source for Citizen Journalism; Yousef Aldaihani and Jae-Hwa Shin Chapter 15. QAnon: The Networks of Misinformation and Conspiracy Theories on Social Media; Shugofa Dastgeer and Rashmi Thapaliya Chapter 16. Emerging Trends in Computer-Mediated Communication and Social Media in Sport: Theory & Practice; Frauke Hachtmann Part Two. Social Media and CMC Applied Trends Chapter 17. An examination of influencer-brand relationship: Implications and future directions for influencer marketing; Brandi Watkins Chapter 18. Nano- & Micro-Influencers; Arthur D. Soto-Vásquez and Nadia Jimenez Chapter 19. Influencer Marketing and Consumer Well-Being: From Source Characteristics to Social Media Anxiety and Addiction; Juan Mundel, Jing Yang, and Anan Wan Chapter 20. True Biz Deaf: An exploration of how deaf creators use TikTok; Edward H. Bart IV, Arlinda Boland, Summer Shelton, and Teri Del Rosso Chapter 21. Cancel Culture: A career vulture amongst influencers on social media; Tatiana Schwirblat, Karen Freberg, and Laura Freberg Chapter 22. The Transition of 24/7 Trolls, Bullies, and Intimidation Through Social Media; Sabrina Page Chapter 23. Integrating the Barcelona Principles 3.0 Into Online Gaming Brand Ambassadorships; Kristie Byrum Chapter 24. The Evolution of Social Media Management as Professional Practice; Karen Sutherland Chapter 25. Social Media Practices of Independent Sports Podcasters; Matthew P. Taylor Chapter 26. Healthcare and Aging Adults: Building Beneficial Relationships through Social Media; Elise Assaf Chapter 27: Schools' use of social media for multicultural community engagement: A case study of Facebook use by government schools in Australia; Lauren Gorfinkel and Tanya Muscat Part Three. New Communication Technologies, Directions in Theory and Practice Chapter 28. When AI Meets IoT: AioT; Adrienne A. Wallace Chapter 29. Excellence In Digital Storytelling: Exploring How Best Practices Are Embraced By Professional Communicators; Ashika Theyyil Chapter 30. Digital Misinformation & Disinformation: The Global War of Words; Jeongwon Yang and Regina Luttrell Chapter 31. Algorithms, Analytics, and Metrics: Is Audience Interaction Reshaping Algorithmic Gatekeeping in the Marketplace of Attention?; Heidi A. Makady, William R. Davie, and Kenneth A. Fischer Chapter 32. Agency in Computer-Mediated Communication: Bots and U.S. Political Elections; Cameron W. Piercy, Ryan S. Bisel, and Jeffrey W. Treem Chapter 33. A Computational Text Analysis Study on Marijuana Edible Product Use on Twitter; Hyejin Kim, Tao (Tony) Deng, Juan Mundel, and Jennifer Honeycutt Chapter 34. Call and Response: A System for Converting Interactive Data into Money and Sound; Carolyn Malachi Chapter 35. Design Thinking As A Course Design Methodology for Teaching Social Media & Digital Analytics: A Qualitative Exploratory Case Study; Jana Duckett and Janice Smith Chapter 36. Artificial Intelligence in Public Relations: Role and Implication; Alexander Buhmann and Candace White Chapter 37. Is It Broken or Just Bruised? Evaluating AI and Its Ethical Implications Within the PR and Healthcare Industries; Jamie Ward and Alisa Agozzino Chapter 38. Artificial Intelligence and Changing Ethical Landscapes in Social Media and Computer-Mediated Communication: Considering the Role of Communication Professionals; Lukasz Swiatek, Chris Galloway, Marina Vujnovic, and Dean Kruckeberg Chapter 39. Artificial Intelligence: The Dark Side, Ethics, and Implications; Christopher McCollough, Adrienne A. Wallace, and Regina Luttrell Chapter 40. Future Trends of CMC and Social Media Research; Jeremy Harris Lipschultz, Karen Freberg, and Regina Luttrell.

There has been a lot of research on factors that help to explain why some start-ups become successful and their founders rich, and on the other hand why other start-ups fail terribly. Of course, starting up an enterprise is a complex activity dependent on institutional regulations, competitors, market developments and the simple recognition of the right opportunities at the right time. We know all of this, but still cannot accurately predict our chances of being successful as entrepreneur. There are some methods venture capitalists use, such as evaluating start-up teams and studying business plans. However, even after doing this, the chance of making a correct prediction is still lower than throwing a coin. Research has never been able to explain much of this complexity, but there are at least three factors that have repeatedly turned up when determining success and failure in the last few years. The first of these factors is a result of our tremendous technological development in the past few decades, but particularly in the most recent. In nearly all young enterprises, the utilization of social media and social networks has become a vital factor for survival and success. Many research results over the last few years have yielded the conclusion that social media are by far the most important platform for marketing products and services. To put this more scientifically, the diffusion of innovation is increasingly interlinked with social media. In addition, the recognition and creation of opportunities also increasingly requires social media platforms. However, this does not mean one should operate only online, investing all of his time and energy to communicating in social networks. The second factor concerns something that is quite obvious: money. Since the vast majority of start-ups do not have their own money or the ability to easily get a loan, obtaining financial resources is often a major problem. There are different ways to raise some money: One can ask friends and family, fool others, or even rob banks, but often the only course of action is to be financed by venture capital. But how do start-ups find the right venture capital investor, and how much does this investor intervene in the start-up's management? All this can be answered by looking at the social networks of venture capitalists and young enterprises. The third factor depends partially on the first. Before the development of online social media, founders may have been described as extroverted, aggressive and emotionally stable. However, within social media these characteristics often disappear to a certain degree, creating a sort of anonymity. If this is correct, we must rethink the search for personnel, the composition of a start-up's team, and even the evaluation of start-ups in pitches. Technical development has indeed made it possible for introverted nerds to be more successful than extroverted offliners. Historically, what are considered successful characteristics has changed several times, and it is important to know whether the current technological development will again trigger such changes. This book, presented in three essays, gathers up the threads and attempts to shed light on all three factors. As you will read, spending more time and energy in online activities does not make you more successful as entrepreneur. However, spending no time at all also does not make you more successful-spending energy and time wisely is the key. Moreover, networking has become a buzzword, but it would appear nobody actually knows how to do this, except by distributing as many business cards as possible or piling up more and more friends on social networks. This book shows how networks of investors and start-ups are structured towards success. And finally, though it may be hard to believe, we have broken down the personality traits of successful entrepreneurs. This book is one of the first to identify and explain this twist. Dr. Dominik P. Matyka (1982) studied International Business Studies at the University of Vienna, Cass Business School London, the University of St. Gallen and at the Technical University of Berlin. In 2008, he founded plista GmbH, an online and mobile recommendation and ad network for text/image and video ad formats. As CEO for plista, Dr. Matyka is responsible for Marketing, Sales and Investor/Partner Relations. Prior to this, Dr. Matyka had co-founded several different start-ups (including youmix GmbH and HiClip GmbH), focusing on sales and business development. In addition, Dr. Matyka is involved in Business Angel Investments (apprupt, eFamous, and SiRank amongst others) through his role as CEO of u25 Ventures GmbH, and is a founding partner and early stage-investor of Linden Ventures (http://lindenvc.com).

1. New Directions in Building Design -- 1.1. Change from Master Builders to Managers -- 1.2. Basic Traditional Building Procedure -- 1.3. Systems Design Approach to Building -- 1.4. Design by Building Team -- 2. Basic Building Elements and Their Representation -- 2.1. Main Parts of Buildings -- 2.2. Floors and Ceilings -- 2.3. Roofs -- 2.4. Exterior Walls and Openings -- 2.5. Partitions, Doors, and Interior-Wall Finishes -- 2.6. Structural Framing and Foundations -- 2.7. Plumbing -- 2.8. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems -- 2.9. Lighting -- 2.10. Acoustics -- 2.11. Electric Supply -- 2.12. Vertical-Circulation Elements -- 2.13. Why Drawings Are Necessary -- 2.14. Drawing Conventions -- 2.15. Types of Drawings -- 2.16. Specifications -- 2.17. Scales and Dimensions on Drawings -- 2.18. Elevation Views -- 2.19. Plan Views -- 2.20. Lines -- 2.21. Sections -- 2.22. Details -- 2.23. Survey and Plot Plans -- 3. Systems Design Method -- 3.1. Models -- 3.2. Value Measures for Comparisons 643.3. Comparisons of Systems -- 3.4. Return on Investment -- 3.5. Constraints Imposed by Building Codes -- 3.6. Zoning Codes -- 3.7. Other Constraining Regulations -- 3.8. Systems Design Steps -- 3.9. System Goals -- 3.10. System Objectives -- 3.11. System Constraints -- 3.12. Value Analysis -- 3.13. Optimum Design of Complex Systems -- 4. Application of Systems Design to Buildings -- 4.1. Considerations in Adaptation of Systems Design -- 4.2. Role of Owner -- 4.3. Conceptual Phase of Systems Design -- 4.4. Design Development Phase of Systems Design -- 5. Contract Documents and Construction Methods -- 5.1. Responsibilities Assigned by the Construction Contract -- 5.2. Components of the Contract Documents -- 5.3. Contract Drawings -- 5.4. Specifications -- 5.5. Bidding Requirements -- 5.6. Contractors Drawings -- 5.7. Construction and Occupancy Permits -- 5.8. Construction Procedures -- 6. Life Safety Concerns -- 6.1. Windstorms -- 6.2. Earthquakes -- 6.3. Fire -- 6.4. Fire Extinguishment -- 6.5. Emergency Egress -- 6.6. Fire Protection -- 6.7. Security -- 6.8. Barrier-Free Environments -- 6.9. Toxic Materials -- 6.10. Construction Safety -- 7. Building Sites and Foundations -- 7.1. Site Considerations -- 7.2. Site Surveys -- 7.3. Soil Considerations for Site and Foundation Design -- 7.4. Shallow Bearing Foundations -- 7.5. Deep Foundations -- 7.6. Lateral and Uplift Forces on Structures -- 7.7. Site Development Considerations 1917.8. Cofferdams and Foundation Walls -- 7.9. Bewatering of Excavations -- 7.10. Investigation and Testing -- 7.11. Systems-Design Approach to Site Adaptation -- 8. Structural Systems -- 8.1. Building Loads -- 8.2. Deformations of Structural Members -- 8.3. Unit Stresses and Strains -- 8.4. Idealization of Structural Materials -- 8.5. Structural Materials -- 8.6. Typical Major Constraints on Structural Systems -- 8.7. Tension Members -- 8.8. Columns -- 8.9. Trusses -- 8.10. Beams -- 8.11. Arches and Rigid Frames -- 8.12. Shells and Folded Plates -- 8.13. Cable-Supported Roofs -- 8.14. Pneumatic Structures -- 8.15. Horizontal Framing Systems -- 8.16. Vertical Structural Systems -- 8.17. Systems-Design Approach to Structural Systems -- 9. Plumbing -- 9.1. Water Supply -- 9.2. Wastewater Disposal -- 9.3. Basic Principles of Plumbing -- 9.4. Water-supply Systems -- 9.5. Sizing of Water-Supply Pipes -- 9.6. Wastewater-Removal Systems -- 9.7. Sizing of Wastewater and Vent Pipes -- 9.8. Piping for Heating Gas -- 9.9. Systems Design of Plumbing -- 10. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning -- 10.1. Design Considerations -- 10.2. Measurement of Heat -- 10.3. Heat Flow and Human Comfort -- 10.4. Thermal Insulation -- 10.5. Prevention of Damage from Condensation -- 10.6. Ventilation -- 10.7. Heat Losses -- 10.8. Heat Gains -- 10.9. Methods of Heating Buildings -- 10.10. Methods of Cooling and Air Conditioning Buildings -- 10.11. Passive Design -- 10.12. Systems-Design Approach to HVAC -- 11. Lighting -- 11.1. Accident Prevention -- 11.2. Quantity of Light -- 11.3. Quality of Light -- 11.4. Color -- 11.5. Lighting Strategies -- 11.6. Daylight -- 11.7. Lighting Equipment -- 11.8. Systems-Design Approach to Lighting -- 12. Sound and Vibration Control -- 12.1. Nature of Sounds and Vibrations -- 12.2. Measurement of Sounds -- 12.3. Acoustic Properties of Materials -- 12.4. Sound and Vibration Design Criteria -- 12.5. Sound and Vibration Control -- 12.6. Systems-Design Approach to Sound and Vibration Control -- 13. Electrical Systems -- 13.1. Characteristics of Direct Current -- 13.2. Characteristics of Alternating Current -- 13.3. Electrical Loads -- 13.4. Electrical Conductors and Raceways -- 13.5. Power-Systems Apparatus -- 13.6. Electrical Distribution in Buildings -- 13.7. Communication Systems -- 13.8. Systems-Design Approach to Electrical Distribution -- 14. Vertical Circulation -- 14.1. Ramps -- 14.2. Stairs -- 14.3. Escalators -- 14.4. Elevators -- 14.5. Dumbwaiters -- 14.6. Pneumatic Tubes and Vertical Conveyors -- 14.7. Systems-Design Approach to Vertical Circulation -- 15. Systems for Enclosing Buildings -- 15.1. Roofs -- 15.2. Roofmg -- 15.3. Exterior Walls -- 15.4. Single-Enclosure Systems -- 15.5. Windows -- 15.6. Doors in Exterior Walls -- 15.7. Systems-Design Approach to Building Enclosure -- 16. Systems for Interior Construction -- 16.1. Interior Walls and Partitions -- 16.2. Ordinary Doors -- 16.3. Special-Purpose Doors -- 16.4. Floor-Ceiling and Roof-Ceiling Systems -- 16.5. Interior Finishes -- 16.6. Systems-Design Approach to Interior Systems -- 17. Building Systems -- 17.1. Mishaps and Corrective Measures -- 17.2. Design of a Building System -- 17.3. Case-Study One: McMaster Health Sciences Center -- 17.4. Case-Study Two: Xerox International Center for Training and Management Development -- 17.5. Case-Study Three: Suburban Office Building for AT & T -- 17.6. Case-Study Four: A Glass-Enclosed Office Tower -- 17.7. Case-Study Five: An Office Building on a Tight Site -- 17.8. Case-Study Six: Office Building for Prudential Insurance Company -- 17.9. Case-Study Seven: Rowes Wharf Harbor Redevelopment Project.

Purpose
Various scholars suggest that there is a lack of research on the recruitment in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and also a scarcity of theoretical basis for the recruitment procedures used by these companies. As the vast majority of studies concentrate on larger organizations, they may not accurately reflect the challenges faced by smaller-sized entities to profoundly and accurately comprehend their recruitment procedures. In addition, the use of technology in recruitment has grown in importance in today's quickly evolving business environment, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic footprint. This study aims to examine the recruitment procedures used by SMEs and how they have been compelled to adjust to different extents to these technological improvements by the effects of the aforementioned epidemic.


Design/methodology/approach
With the aim to investigate the current recruitment practices in SMEs and the extent to which digital technologies are embraced by these companies within human resources (HR) procedures, this research relied on interviews with SMEs representatives. The qualitative methods used provided access to relevant data and insights, as they allowed close interactions with top managers and CEOs of ten companies from various sectors. Thus, the research results draw a vivid and reliable image of the procedures and practices used by small and medium-sized companies to attract, select and retain their staff.


Findings
This study's findings are of increased interest to HR professionals, recruiters and managers in SMEs, who aim to attract and retain the best talent and optimize their recruitment strategies in a rapidly changing business environment, enabled by technological advancements. Effective HR recruitment procedures adapted to the specific needs of small and medium-sized companies can lead to several benefits for the organization, including improved employee selection, reduced turnover and increased organizational productivity.


Research limitations/implications
Although the interviews examined here encompass recruitment techniques from SMEs in a variety of industries, the results' generalizability is limited by the sample size and geography. Furthermore, the findings' dependability is dependent on the accuracy of the data provided by the respondents.


Practical implications
This investigation confirms some of the theoretical underpinnings which point to the lack of formalized structures and procedures in the recruitment process in SMEs, which enjoy more flexibility in managing HR processes. In addition, the results reinforce the arguments indicating an adjustment between HR strategies or policies and organizational goals in smaller enterprises which adapt faster to changes in the market. Moreover, it becomes apparent that there is a relationship between the quality of job descriptions and the successful fit in attracting the right candidates for the open positions. Furthermore, digital technologies offer opportunities for expanding the recruiters' reach to a wider audience and also support the selection stage, thus increasing the chances of finding suitable staff. As the need to shift from traditional recruitment to e-recruitment in SMEs has been highlighted in the literature, the qualitative research revealed that this need was driven on the one hand by the COVID-19 pandemic when these companies successfully adapted and implemented new online methods of recruiting, but also by the lack of skilled labor, leading to the expansion of recruitment to other parts of the country or even to other countries.


Social implications
With regard to the proportion of men and women used in small and medium-sized companies, there is a clear need to involve and train more women in the predominantly male-dominated industrial and IT sectors. From this point of view, companies tend to devote more interest to integrating communities of women in these industries, as well as in key management positions. Another point of interest that the study highlights is the fact that SMEs have started to get creative with the benefits package they propose to candidates and focus on remote work, hybrid office–home working, or seasonal work to offer future employees a better work–life balance.


Originality/value
The added value of this investigation is filling the gaps in the current literature concerning recruitment procedures currently used by SMEs, the challenges they face and the solutions they advanced to solve them. Furthermore, SMEs often drive innovation and competition in the market and play a crucial role in the supply chain of larger companies, providing them with the goods and services they need to operate and supporting the availability and reliability of products from larger companies. They are often the driving force behind revitalizing local economies and creating new employment opportunities. Consequently, the underlying significance of this study is rooted in the need to modernize and simultaneously improve HR recruitment procedures through the integration of technology and a focus on innovation.

Rental housing tenants in Sweden and Europe are increasingly seeing their homes subsumed to market pressures. This thesis provides empirical and conceptual insights into the processes by which market and financial practices and logics shape the housing sector, through a critical analysis of rental housing in Malmö, Sweden. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the role of rental housing within the context of municipal governance and, in turn, to explore how the relationship between rental housing and municipal governance affects residents. Empirically, the thesis focuses on developments in and around the area of Rosengård. The methods used include an interpretive analysis of official documents and secondary statistics, interviews, focus group meetings, participant observations, photos, and analysis of register data. The thesis comprises four papers and a comprehensive summary (the "kappa"). Inspired by the regulation approach to political economy, the thesis engages with theoretical literatures on trajectories of rental housing market change, the financialization of rental housing, and local-state restructuring. In demonstrating how tenants and residents are affected by municipalities' governance of rental markets, the thesis offers fresh perspectives on the nature of contemporary Swedish municipal "statecraft". The thesis finds that mounting market pressures from the 1980s initially resulted in a relocation of Malmö's public housing stock to more attractive urban areas, and greater financial independence for the municipal housing company (MKB). In the process, the municipality used its ownership of public housing to support rebranding of the city following deindustrialization. However, more recently, the municipality has integrated management of MKB's finances into the governance of municipal finances more broadly. The thesis argues that recent examples of public housing privatization and urban renewal have seen the municipal housing stock come to function as a quasi-financial asset, one bearing local urban development-risk and signaling municipal economic flexibility to credit rating analysts. It also argues that residential property investors' local use of renovations as an investment strategy strengthens their financial position while leading to declining affordability for tenants. Residents experience increasing rent levels, worry, and a lack of influence within – and disclosure of information about – processes of renovation and privatization. Meanwhile, the thesis finds that the spatial distribution of public and private rental housing has changed as a result of municipal governance initiatives to create attractive new urban spaces, with rental tenants being increasingly marginalized. In sum, the thesis concludes that market and financial practices and logics are progressively undermining Sweden's renowned universal housing system, while reinforcing inequality. ; Den här avhandlingen analyserar hyresmarknaden i Rosengård och Malmö. Den visar hur lägenhetsrenoveringar i Herrgården leder till högre hyror. Studien finner också att försäljning av kommunens bostäder och stadsutveckling i Törnrosen och Örtagården motiveras av att kommunen anser att "marknaden" behöver vitaliseras där. Avhandlingen visar hur hyresgäster upplever oro och brist på information i samband med renovering, privatisering och stadsförnyelse. Sammantaget menar avhandlingen att marknadslogiker har försvagat Sveriges bostadssystem, vilket har lett till en ökad ojämlikhet. ; Qoraalkan qalin-jabinta ah ayaa lagu falanqeynayaa guryaha ku yaal Malmö, Sweden. Qoraalku wuxuu diiradda saarayaa horumarka Rosengård iyo nawaaxigeeda. Waxay muujineysaa sida dayactirka guryaha ee Herrgården uu u horseedayo kiro badan iyo sida iibinta guryaha degmada iyo horumarinta magaalooyinka ee Törnrosen iyo Örtagården ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in "suuqa" uu u baahan yahay in dib loo soo nooleeyo. Qoraalku waxa kale oo uu muujinayaa sida ay kiraystayaashu u dareemaan walaac iyo xog la'aan la xidhiidha dib-u-dayactirka, iibinta guryaha dawladda hoose iyo dib-u-cusboonaysiinta magaalada. ; Ev tez xaniyên kirê li Malmö, li Swêdê, analîz dike. Ew balê dikişîne ser geşedanên li nav Rosengård û derdora wê. Ew destnîşan dike ku çawa nûvekirina apartmanan li Herrgården ji hêla xwediyên taybet ve dibe sedema kirêyên bilind, û çawa firotina xaniyên şaredariyê û nûkirina bajarî li Törnrosen û Örtagården ji ber hewcedariya têgihîştinek ji bo zindîkirina bazarê tê motîve kirin. Tez her weha destnîşan dike ka kirêdar çawa di dema nûvekirina apartmanan, firotina xaniyên şaredariyê, û nûkirina bajarî de bi fikar û nebûna agahdarî re rû bi rû dimînin. Bi kurtî, tez encam dide ku pratîk û mantiqên bazar û darayî her ku diçe pergala xanî ya Swêdê xera dike û di heman demê de newekheviyê xurt dike. ; Bu tez İsveç'in Malmö kentindeki konut piyasasını ve durumunu inceliyor. Rosengård bölgesindeki ve çevresindeki gelişmelere odaklanmaktadır. Rosengård'in Herrgården mahallesindeki apartman tadilatlarının nasıl daha yüksek kiralara yol açtığını ve Törnrosen ve Örtagården'deki belediye konutları satışlarının ve kentsel yenilemenin, nasıl bir piyasa canlandırma fikri tarafından motive edildiğini gösteriyor. Tez ayrıca apartman tadilatları, belediye konutlarının satışı ve kentsel dönüşüm sırasında kiracıların nasıl endişe ve bilgi eksikliği yaşadığını göstermektedir.

In the last two decades the development of mobile technology and the ease of access to an internet connection helped the consolidation of the sharing economy paradigm. This new way of purchasing goods and services differs from old traditional business models since it enables a shared use of resources in order to save money and generate profit. As an important player in the sharing economy, sharing mobility continues, nowadays, to shape urban mobility with the introduction of different modes of shared transport such as carsharing, bike sharing, ride sourcing, and other collective mobility services. Different stakeholders participate in the creation and exploitation of these new mobility services: governmental agencies, customers, and private companies. Each of them has a specific purpose that can affect and stir the benefit of sharing platforms. Focusing on the carsharing service, on the business side and on the user side, profit and customer satisfaction are usually the main goals even if, at times, both difficult to pursue together. Competition on today's landscape leaves little room for both established and less established businesses. Opportunities to increase corporate profit become scarcer and more refined systems to better manage carsharing operations are needed to guarantee commercial viability. Evaluating business models for carsharing is no trivial task. Several methods are used for assessing the quality of changes in some operations or to evaluate possible approaches. Combinatorial and stochastic optimization are used to answer decision-making problems in the case of deterministic or uncertain problems. The shortcoming of these approaches is that they are limited at solving problems related to fleet management or service planning as it is more difficult to have an overview in which multiple properties (e.g., demography, territorial distribution, specificity of the fleet, .) of both supply and demand are considered. This happens because car sharing is a highly complex service that has many interdependent factors. Given this complexity, a more favorable approach to estimate the demand for the service - together with all its peculiarities - and to help operators in the decision-making process, is the simulation one. This criterion allows the interaction of multiple factors which, through functional relationships between the decision-making parameters of the supplier, can introduce indicators to evaluate the quality of the solutions that cannot be easily derived analytically. This dissertation focuses on a simulation-based approach that aims to create a decision support system for carsharing business. This decision support system aims to use demographic and land use data as input, once the provider's needs are known, and to return solutions regarding the optimization of the carsharing service. The development of this thesis is conceived from the point of view of the service provider, even if considerations regarding the equity of the various strategies proposed therein for the service customers constitute an integral and fundamental part of the construction of this system of support for decisions. In this manuscript, we discuss the introduction of different dynamic pricing strategies that aim to increase the profit of the carsharing service, along with other indicators such as the number of bookings and utilization time of vehicles. By developing different price models, the introduction of dynamic prices based on the quantity of vehicles present in the station at the time of booking is evaluated and the output of the implementation of a dynamic price based on the time of the day is examined. In the first part of this thesis, we discuss how it is possible to evaluate the quality of a carsharing service from the point of view of its members, focusing on how different strategies generate or can reduce inequalities due to different wages or purchasing powers. Furthermore, using data collected by a car-sharing company operating in Germany and the United Kingdom, Oply, we implement these same strategies in a scenario calibrated with real data. Finally, we propose a methodology for calibrating carsharing scenarios in an agent-based environment.Moreover, we use these scenarios to demonstrate how it is possible, once there is complete knowledge of the demand and the status of the offer, to attribute a certain price to a single booking that maximizes the profit of the service. The overall results show that the introduction of dynamic pricing strategies does not always benefit all segments of the population and that the goals of a carsharing company are not always compatible with those of its members. Furthermore, they show how it is possible to increase the profit of a carsharing company accordingly to its position on the market, whether it has a total knowledge of the territory or not, whether it is an established company or not yet fully established. As we will also see in the final chapter of this thesis, the product of this work does not consist only in a practical contribution aimed mostly at carsharing companies, but also in a scientific counterpart that outlines new research directions.

The publication of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) standards is an important development that has received broad acceptance globally. More than 100 countries across the globe including South Africa and Myanmar have adopted the IUCN RLE standards as their national framework for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse. The strongest motivations for the alignment include: (i) elimination of confusion and reducing the administrative burden for maintaining multiple lists of threatened ecosystems, (ii) increased legitimacy of the ecosystem threat status assessment by basing them on a body of sound scientific literature, (iii) comparable assessments across different environments and countries across the globe, (iv) for the threatened national ecosystems to be recorded under the IUCN RLE registry. Furthermore, the IUCN Red List makes it easier for countries to secure funding from international donors to achieve national biodiversity conservation objectives, and address knowledge and data gaps through focused research. The IUCN RLE standards only became available after many countries including South Africa and Australia each independently tailor-developed national indicators or standards for assessing threats to ecosystems. The Ecosystem Threat statuses (ETS) standards are developed to aid biodiversity monitoring efforts, and many have progressed into the legislated national list of the threatened ecosystems. In South Africa, the gazetted list of threatened ecosystems is ratified to inform policy development and land-use planning tools that mainstream biodiversity considerations into economic development activities. Considering the strong links between the gazetted list of threatened ecosystems and many of the policy and spatial planning tools, the change and/or update to the IUCN RLE standards may disrupt conservation and land-use plans. In addition, South Africa has limited data on ecosystem integrity with to apply the full range of the IUCN RLE functional criteria which may lead to the risk of ecosystem collapse being underestimated. However, the country has comprehensive data on threatened plant species which in many cases contain detailed information on drivers of environmental degradation and biotic disruptions. In addition, extensive efforts have been made to link threatened species and the ecosystem types in which they occur. Such efforts enable the country to look at degradation through species lenses to better understand the degree of underestimation of ecosystem risk. Nonetheless, there is a need to interrogate and holistically understand the implications that may emanate from this shift, hence the importance of this study. This thesis was focused on assessing the origins and history of the IUCN and South Africa's approach to assessing threats to ecosystems. In chapter 1, I reviewed the key concepts including the scientific basis and criteria to understand the purpose and philosophy of the South Africa (SA) ETS and IUCN RLE frameworks. In Chapter 2, I compared and contrasted the SA ETS and IUCN RLE assessment outcomes of ecosystems susceptible to only spatial threats. Finally, in Chapter 3, I tested whether the IUCN RLE is a good proxy for the distribution of threatened species in South Africa. The results revealed that the IUCN RLE and SA ETS standards have overarching similarities (e.g. spatial and functional criteria) as they both share the common ancestry (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species). Equally, there are key differences (e.g. decision thresholds) that explain the misalignments in the ecosystem threat status between the two systems. Meanwhile, the quantitative results alluded that the proportions of matching assessment outcomes are high when the risk categories (Critically Endangered: CR and Endangered: EN versus Vulnerable: VU and Least Concern: LC) are split in accordance with their policy uptake (i.e. National Environmental Management Act (NEMA) EIA regulations) but relatively low per individual risk category. Furthermore, the results suggest that not all ecosystem types undergoing spatial declines entirely reflect the status of threatened plant species they contain. Many of these threatened plant species overlap with ecosystems at immediate risk of collapse (CR and EN). Such species will indirectly benefit from broad-scale conservation interventions that are informed by the list of threatened ecosystems. However, the majority of plant species threatened by either habitat loss and/or land degradation occur within the least threatened ecosystems. These species will not benefit from conservation responses informed by the gazetted national list of threatened because spatial declines within these ecosystems are considered to either be minimal or stable to trigger conservation response. Encouragingly, there are existing legal conservation tools such as stewardship programmes, Key Biodiversity Areas, and Critical Biodiversity Areas that allow threatened and unprotected ecological features including species to be strategically targeted for conservation responses. However, there is a need for South Africa to intensify efforts that ensure that these legal tools are implemented correctly and successfully to maximise conservation impacts and arrest biodiversity loss.

The article characterizes the current state and problematic aspects of public administration of maritime and related port activities in Ukraine. The urgency of the issue is due to the ongoing crisis in the legal and administrative regulation of these areas. The aim of the article is to establish optimal models and tools for constructing a new system of public administration of the maritime industry, taking into account international standards and best practices. The methodological basis of the research is formed by a system of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific research (historical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction and forecasting). The article draws special attention to the fact that the declared revival and maintenance of the status of Ukraine as a maritime state, the development of its maritime trade and naval potential can not occur only due to situational changes in response to crisis events or to accelerate the decision of problems which have not been resolved for decades. Here, a different, systemic approach to both legal regulation and the practice of implementing the adopted legal norms should be introduced, a new approach to public administration of the entire industry. The author classifies measures to overcome the port crisis in Ukraine into financial, infrastructural and operational ones. It is proposed to repurpose the legal regulation and law enforcement practices to support public sector entities and seafarers-citizens of Ukraine, as well as to simplify formalities in the ports of Ukraine. The relevance of the concepts of anthropocentrism, service state and "good governance", taking into account risk management systems at all levels for the modernization of public administration of maritime and port activities in Ukraine, is emphasized. The priority is to analyze the steps taken and systematically update the current maritime and port legislation using a "package" approach to its development. This approach enables to ensure that the interests of most maritime and port stakeholders and the state are taken into account and balanced. ; В статье охарактеризованы современное состояние и проблемные аспекты публичного администрирования морской и связанной с ней портовой деятельности в Украине. Актуальность рассмотренной тематики обусловлена продолжающимся кризисом в пра- вовом и управленческом обеспечении этих сфер. Задание статьи состоит в поиске оптимальных моделей и инструментов построения новой системы публичного администрирования морской отрасли с учетом мировых стандартов и лучших практик. В статье обращено внимание на то, что задекларированное возрождение и поддержание звания Украины как морской державы, развитие ее морского торгового и военно-морского потенциала не может происходить только благодаря ситуационным изменениям по резуль- татам реагирования на кризисные события или для ускоренного разрешения проблем, которые не решались десятилетиями. Здесь должен быть внедрен другой, системный, подход как к правовому регулированию, так и к практике реализации уже принятых правовых норм – новый подход к публичному администрированию всей отрасли. Автором классифицированы меры по преодолению портового кризиса в Украине: финансовые, инфраструктурные и эксплуатационные. Предложена переориентация правового регулирования и практики правоприменения на поддержку субъектов хозяйствования государственного сектора и моряков-граждан Украины, а также упрощение формальностей в портах Украины. Подчеркнута актуальность концепций человекоцентризма, сервисного государства и «good governance» с учетом систем управления рисками на всех уровнях для модернизации публичного администрирования морской и портовой деятельности в Украине. В качестве первоочередной задачи определен анализ уже предпринятых шагов, системное обновление действующего морского и портового законодательства с применением «пакетного» подхода к его разработке. Именно благодаря такому подходу будет возможным обеспечить учет и баланс интересов большинства заинтересованных субъектов морской и портовой деятельности, а также государства. ; У статті охарактеризовано сучасний стан та проблемні аспекти публічного адміністрування морської та пов'язаної з нею портової діяльності в Україні. Актуальність порушеної тематики обумовлено триваючою кризою у правовому та управлінському забезпеченні цих сфер. Завданням статті є пошук оптимальних моделей та інструментів побудови нової системи публічного адміністрування морської галузі з урахуванням світових стандартів та кращих практик. У статті звернуто увагу на те, що задеклароване відродження та підтримання звання України як морської держави, розбудова її морського торговельного та військово-морського потенціалу не може відбуватися лише завдяки ситуаційним змінам за результатами реагування на кризові події або з метою пришвидшеного розв'язання проблем, які не вирішувалися десятиліттями. Тут має бути запроваджений інший, системний, підхід як до правового регулювання, так й до практики реалізації прийнятих правових норм – новий підхід до публічного адміністрування усієї галузі. Автором класифіковано заходи з подолання портової кризи в Україні: фінансові, інфраструктурні та експлуатаційні. Запропоновано здійснити переорієнтацію правового регулювання та практики правозастосування на підтримку суб'єктів господарювання державного сектору та моряків-громадян України, а також спрощення формальностей у портах України. Підкреслено актуальність концепцій людиноцентризму, сервісної держави та «good governance» з урахуванням систем управління ризиками на усіх рівнях для модернізації публічного адміністрування морської та портової діяльності в Україні. Першочерговим завданням визначено аналіз здійснених кроків, системне оновлення діючого морського та портового законодавства із застосуванням «пакетного» підходу до його розробки. Саме завдяки такому підходу можливо забезпечити врахування та баланс інтересів більшості зацікавлених суб'єктів морської і портової діяльності та держави.

The object of research is the processes of transformation of the ecological equilibrity of the structural and functional state of atmospheric air by the example of the city of Uzhhorod (Ukraine), as the border area, and the impact on the health of the population. One of the most problematic issues is the imperfection of methods for assessing the quality of air and its impact on the health of the population. During the study, data from the Transcarpathian Regional Center of Hydrometeorology were used, the materials of statistical reporting of enterprises, the urban sanitary and epidemiological station, etc. Data is obtained relating to the influence of automobile transport in Uzhhorod, Transcarpathian region, on the quality of atmospheric air, as well as the negative consequences of the impact of excessive concentrations of pollutants in the air on the health of inhabitants of urbanized territories. The authors analyze the data on the concentrations of certain air quality parameters in 2019 and 2020. The ways to improve the ecological situation in Uzhhorod have been suggested, and the necessity of developing public control of air quality to preserve the health of Uzhhorod residents has been substantiated. Due to the introduction of the proposed ways to improve the environmental situation in Uzhhorod, an increase in the living conditions of the population of border areas, in particular, Uzhhorod, improving the quality of atmospheric air of the investigated territories will be achieved. It is indicated to develop proposals for improving the methods of quality control of atmospheric air of border areas that will correspond to the standards of the European Union. This study is global due to the shapes of modern anthropogenic pressure, spontaneity, impulsivity and comprehensive validity of numerous factors implemented against the background of climate change. And it is requires new approaches in the scientific principles of organization of nature management, which will be based on an ecosystem approach in identifying and establishing biosafety of existing and latest pollutants ; Объектом исследования являются процессы трансформации экологического равновесия структурно-функционального состояния атмосферного воздуха на примере города Ужгород (Украина), как приграничной территории, и влияние на здоровье населения. Одним из самых проблемных вопросов является несовершенство методов оценки качества воздуха и его влияния на состояние здоровья населения. В ходе исследования использовались данные Закарпатского областного центра по гидрометеорологии, материалы статистической отчетности предприятий, городской санитарно-эпидемиологической станции и прочее. Получены данные об особенностях влияния автотранспорта и других объектов в г.Ужгороде Закарпатской области на состояние качества атмосферного воздуха, а также негативные последствия воздействия чрезмерной концентрации загрязняющих веществ в воздухе на здоровье жителей приграничных территорий. Проанализированы данные по концентрации некоторых показателей качества воздуха в 2019 и 2020 годы. Предложены пути улучшения экологической ситуации города Ужгорода, а также обоснована необходимость развития общественного контроля качества воздуха для сохранения здоровья жителей г.Ужгорода. Благодаря внедрению предложенных путей улучшения экологической ситуации будет достигнуто повышение уровня условий проживания населения приграничных территорий, в частности г.Ужгорода, улучшение качества атмосферного воздуха исследуемых территорий. Указанное позволит разработать предложения по совершенствованию методов контроля качества атмосферного воздуха приграничных территорий, отвечающих стандартам Европейского Союза. Данное исследование носит глобальный характер из-за особенностей современного антропогенного давления, спонтанность, импульсивность и комплексное воздействие многочисленных факторов, реализуется на фоне изменений климата. А также требует новых подходов в научных основах организации природопользования, которые будут базироваться на основе экосистемного подхода в выявлении и установлении биобезопасности существующих и новых загрязнителей. ; Об'єктом дослідження є процеси трансформації екологічної рівноваги структурно-функціонального стану атмосферного повітря на прикладі міста Ужгород (Україна), як прикордонної території, та вплив на здоров'я населення. Одним з найбільш проблемних питань є недосконалість методів оцінки якості повітря та його впливу на стан здоров'я населення. В ході дослідження використовувалися дані Закарпатського обласного центру з гідрометеорології, матеріали статистичної звітності підприємств, міської санітарно-епідеміологічної станції та інше. Отримано дані щодо особливостей впливу автотранспорту та інших об'єктів у м. Ужгороді Закарпатської області на стан якості атмосферного повітря, а також негативні наслідки впливу надмірної концентрації забруднювальних речовин у повітрі на здоров'я жителів прикордонних територій. Проаналізовано дані щодо концентрації деяких показників якості повітря за 2019 та 2020 роки. Запропоновано шляхи покращення екологічної ситуації міста Ужгорода, а також обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку громадського контролю якості повітря для збереження здоров'я жителів м. Ужгорода. Завдяки впровадженню запропонованих шляхів покращення екологічної ситуації м. Ужгорода буде досягнуто підвищення рівня умов проживання населення прикордонних територій, зокрема м. Ужгорода, покращення якості атмосферного повітря досліджуваних територій. Зазначене дозволить розробити пропозиції, щодо вдосконалення методів контролю якості атмосферного повітря прикордонних територій що відповідатимуть стандартам Європейського Союзу. Дане дослідження має глобальний характер через особливості сучасного антропогенного тиску, спонтанність, імпульсивність та комплексну дію численних чинників, що реалізується на тлі змін клімату. А також вимагає нових підходів у наукових засадах організації природокористування, які базуватимуться на основі екосистемного підходу у виявленні та встановленні біобезпеки існуючих та новітніх забруднювачів.

Ponomarenko O. V. CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THREAT OR VIOLENCE AGAINST AN OFFICIAL OR CITIZEN PERFORMING PUBLIC OBLIGATION UNDER LAW A comparative legal study of the legislation of foreign countries on criminal liability for threat or violence against an official or a citizen performing public duty, provided an opportunity to clarify the positive aspects of determining: the objects of encroachment; forms of manifestations of the objective side, its optional features; the subject of the criminal offense and its features; forms of guilt and its signs. The generic object of threat or violence against an official or a citizen performing a public duty is the state power (the procedure for exercising state power), and the specific object is the procedure of management (the procedure of public administration). The victim may be an official, a government official, or their relatives. The objective side of the investigated criminal offense is manifested in the following forms: infliction of bodily harm, use of violence or assault with violence; the threat of violence, or the use of violence or infliction of bodily harm; the threat of violence or the destruction or damage of property, the use of violence or infliction of bodily harm; blackmail or threat of violence, violence or bodily harm; mental pressure, violence or bodily harm. The subject of the specified criminal offense is general. The threat or violence of an official or a citizen performing a public duty by an official is a qualifier. The subjective side is characterized by guilt in the form of intent (both direct and indirect). The motive for committing the investigated criminal offense is dissatisfaction with the activities of a government official (civil servant), and the purpose - to prevent the legitimate activities of such persons or change the nature of such activities (committing or not committing certain actions). These results were used in formulating proposals for improving Art. 350 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which provides for criminal liability for threat or violence against an official or a citizen performing public duty. the state sovereignty of Ukraine over the temporarily occupied territories in Donetsk and Luhansk regions". The object of the organizational support of the JFO is the activity of relevant entities, which is aimed at combating crime and is related to the distribution of financial, personnel, information and other resources. The purposes of the JFO, defined by the current legislation, can be achieved in case of executing the organizational goals, such as determining the effective composition of the entities whose activities provide the counteraction to crime (the dynamics of the parties); complexity and systemic activity; identification and endowment of subjects with appropriate competencies; determining the forms and methods of entities' joint activity, etc. The most essential principles that are fundamental in the organizational support of the Joint Forces Operation are rule of law, humanity, system nature and planning. The author of the article has paid particular attention to the methods of organizational support of the JFO in the implementation of criminological activities, which are divided according to the methods of managerial influence - the direct and indirect ones. ; Порівняльно-правове дослідження законодавства зарубіжних держав про кримінальну відповідальність за погрозу або насильство щодо службової особи чи громадянина, який виконує громадський обов'язок, дало мож­ливість з'ясувати позитивні аспекти щодо визначення: об'єктів посягання; форм проявів об'єктивної сторони, її факультативних ознак; суб'єкта кримінального правопорушення та його ознак; форми вини та її ознак. Родовим об'єктом погрози або насильства щодо службової особи чи громадянина, який виконує громадський обов'язок, є державна влада (порядок здійснення державної влади), а видовим об'єктом - порядок управління (порядок державного управління). Потерпілим може бути посадова особа, представник влади, їхні родичі. Об'єк­тивна сторона досліджуваного кримінального правопорушення проявляється у таких формах, як: заподіяння тілесних ушкоджень, застосування насильства або напад із застосуванням насильства; погроза застосування насильства, застосування насильства або заподіяння тілесних ушкоджень; погроза застосування насильства чи знищення або пошкодження майна, застосування насильства або заподіяння тілесних ушкоджень; шантаж або погроза застосування насильства, застосування насильства або заподіяння тілесних ушкоджень; психічний тиск, застосування насильства або заподіяння тілесних ушкоджень. Суб'єкт зазначеного кримінального правопорушення загальний. Вчинення погрози або насильство щодо служ­бової особи чи громадянина, який виконує громадський обов'язок, службовою особою є кваліфікуючою ознакою. Суб'єктивна сторона характеризується виною у формі умислу (як прямого, так і непрямого). Мотивом вчинен­ня досліджуваного кримінального правопорушення є невдоволення діяльністю представника влади (державного службовця), а метою - перешкоджання здійсненню законної діяльності такими особами або змінення характеру такої діяльності (вчинення чи не вчинення певних дій). Зазначені результати використані під час формулювання пропозицій щодо вдосконалення ст. 350 КК України, що передбачає кримінальну відповідальність за погрозу або насильство щодо службової особи чи громадянина, який виконує громадський обов'язок.

The object of research is the processes of transformation of the ecological equilibrity of the structural and functional state of atmospheric air by the example of the city of Uzhhorod (Ukraine), as the border area, and the impact on the health of the population. One of the most problematic issues is the imperfection of methods for assessing the quality of air and its impact on the health of the population. During the study, data from the Transcarpathian Regional Center of Hydrometeorology were used, the materials of statistical reporting of enterprises, the urban sanitary and epidemiological station, etc. Data is obtained relating to the influence of automobile transport in Uzhhorod, Transcarpathian region, on the quality of atmospheric air, as well as the negative consequences of the impact of excessive concentrations of pollutants in the air on the health of inhabitants of urbanized territories. The authors analyze the data on the concentrations of certain air quality parameters in 2019 and 2020. The ways to improve the ecological situation in Uzhhorod have been suggested, and the necessity of developing public control of air quality to preserve the health of Uzhhorod residents has been substantiated. Due to the introduction of the proposed ways to improve the environmental situation in Uzhhorod, an increase in the living conditions of the population of border areas, in particular, Uzhhorod, improving the quality of atmospheric air of the investigated territories will be achieved. It is indicated to develop proposals for improving the methods of quality control of atmospheric air of border areas that will correspond to the standards of the European Union. This study is global due to the shapes of modern anthropogenic pressure, spontaneity, impulsivity and comprehensive validity of numerous factors implemented against the background of climate change. And it is requires new approaches in the scientific principles of organization of nature management, which will be based on an ecosystem approach in identifying and establishing biosafety of existing and latest pollutants ; Объектом исследования являются процессы трансформации экологического равновесия структурно-функционального состояния атмосферного воздуха на примере города Ужгород (Украина), как приграничной территории, и влияние на здоровье населения. Одним из самых проблемных вопросов является несовершенство методов оценки качества воздуха и его влияния на состояние здоровья населения. В ходе исследования использовались данные Закарпатского областного центра по гидрометеорологии, материалы статистической отчетности предприятий, городской санитарно-эпидемиологической станции и прочее. Получены данные об особенностях влияния автотранспорта и других объектов в г.Ужгороде Закарпатской области на состояние качества атмосферного воздуха, а также негативные последствия воздействия чрезмерной концентрации загрязняющих веществ в воздухе на здоровье жителей приграничных территорий. Проанализированы данные по концентрации некоторых показателей качества воздуха в 2019 и 2020 годы. Предложены пути улучшения экологической ситуации города Ужгорода, а также обоснована необходимость развития общественного контроля качества воздуха для сохранения здоровья жителей г.Ужгорода. Благодаря внедрению предложенных путей улучшения экологической ситуации будет достигнуто повышение уровня условий проживания населения приграничных территорий, в частности г.Ужгорода, улучшение качества атмосферного воздуха исследуемых территорий. Указанное позволит разработать предложения по совершенствованию методов контроля качества атмосферного воздуха приграничных территорий, отвечающих стандартам Европейского Союза. Данное исследование носит глобальный характер из-за особенностей современного антропогенного давления, спонтанность, импульсивность и комплексное воздействие многочисленных факторов, реализуется на фоне изменений климата. А также требует новых подходов в научных основах организации природопользования, которые будут базироваться на основе экосистемного подхода в выявлении и установлении биобезопасности существующих и новых загрязнителей. ; Об'єктом дослідження є процеси трансформації екологічної рівноваги структурно-функціонального стану атмосферного повітря на прикладі міста Ужгород (Україна), як прикордонної території, та вплив на здоров'я населення. Одним з найбільш проблемних питань є недосконалість методів оцінки якості повітря та його впливу на стан здоров'я населення. В ході дослідження використовувалися дані Закарпатського обласного центру з гідрометеорології, матеріали статистичної звітності підприємств, міської санітарно-епідеміологічної станції та інше. Отримано дані щодо особливостей впливу автотранспорту та інших об'єктів у м. Ужгороді Закарпатської області на стан якості атмосферного повітря, а також негативні наслідки впливу надмірної концентрації забруднювальних речовин у повітрі на здоров'я жителів прикордонних територій. Проаналізовано дані щодо концентрації деяких показників якості повітря за 2019 та 2020 роки. Запропоновано шляхи покращення екологічної ситуації міста Ужгорода, а також обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку громадського контролю якості повітря для збереження здоров'я жителів м. Ужгорода. Завдяки впровадженню запропонованих шляхів покращення екологічної ситуації м. Ужгорода буде досягнуто підвищення рівня умов проживання населення прикордонних територій, зокрема м. Ужгорода, покращення якості атмосферного повітря досліджуваних територій. Зазначене дозволить розробити пропозиції, щодо вдосконалення методів контролю якості атмосферного повітря прикордонних територій що відповідатимуть стандартам Європейського Союзу. Дане дослідження має глобальний характер через особливості сучасного антропогенного тиску, спонтанність, імпульсивність та комплексну дію численних чинників, що реалізується на тлі змін клімату. А також вимагає нових підходів у наукових засадах організації природокористування, які базуватимуться на основі екосистемного підходу у виявленні та встановленні біобезпеки існуючих та новітніх забруднювачів.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global initiative lead by the United Nations to achieve "a better and more sustainable future for all". Given the increasing impact of climate change on the available water resources over the past two decades, a particular attention is paid to water through SDG 6. The SDG-6 aims to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all". This goal comes with a set of highly interconnected targets and indicators that are essential for its global and local implementation. Tunisia, as a member of the United Nations, adopted the framework of the SDGs with a particular interest in SDG 6 since Tunisia is considered as one of the highly water stressed countries in North Africa. Despite the growing need for a rapid, yet consistent, implementation of the goal in the country, very few scientific initiatives are working on monitoring the different indicators at the national scale using nationally-produced data. However, lower scale implementation and monitoring of SDG 6 indicators are essential to provide a consistent overview of the current state of water resources in the country. The current data infrastructure in Tunisia represents a major constraint, since the water-related information is poorly monitored and not accessible at the regional scale. This is due to the complex water institutional system, which is mostly dominated by the lack of coordination and communication between the different data providers. Nevertheless, over the past decade, participatory approaches for water monitoring have been getting more attention in many parts of the world, especially with the emergence of novel cost-effective smart technologies. Such participatory approaches are often referred to as Citizen Science (CS). With CS, citizens are involved in scientific activities, such as environmental monitoring, and they also can be a valuable part of decision making and policy formulation. Together with the generic available data, in particular from remote sensing technology, CS could be tested and implemented in Tunisia in order to improve the access to available and reliable data. The main objective of this thesis was to strengthen the scientific basis for participatory approaches in conjunction with public available environmental data to support the monitoring of water resources in Tunisia. The strengthening of water observation is expected to improve the monitoring of the SDG 6 indicators in Tunisia. The study is focused on the Medjerda catchment, which is the most important river basin in Tunisia and considered as the largest national water resource. The focus was first put on the calculation of the water stress SDG 6 indicator (6.4.2). This indicator was selected as a specific case in this study since water stress is very relevant for the considered catchment. The indicator was evaluated at the scale of the Medjerda catchment and 4 regions within for the period 2000-2016. The spatial and temporal disaggregation was based on analysis of both governmental and remote sensing data, and provided a valuable understanding of the seasonal and regional behavior of water stress. The lack of access to reliable official data was the major constraint in measuring the water stress indicator. The second research section of the thesis was then dedicated to the improvement of the water-related database of the Medjerda catchment through data collection and the creation of a publicly available and standardized online platform "Together4Water", which provides access and dynamic visualizations of the collected data as well as interactive real-time communication tool with users. Consequently, we introduced in the third section of this work the concept of CS as a complementary source of data in Tunisia. The approach was based on the engagement of everyday citizens of a test region within the Medjerda catchment in monitoring rainfall, discharge, and water quality using cost-effective tools. Focus was mainly put on rainfall and discharge monitoring. The Together4Water website was the base for reaching a wide range of citizens from different generations in the test region allowing the initiative to engage a group of volunteers in data collection. For rainfall, traditional low-cost rain gauges were used at multiple locations, while the data transmission was ensured through the Together4Water website. Results yield a good agreement between citizens' observations and the official rainfall data. For discharge, a publicly available smartphone app "Discharge app" was used to estimate river flow of the Medjerda at two locations. A Data fusion technique was then used to validate and combine citizens' estimations to generate unique yet higher quality discharge datasets for both locations. Finally, an assessment of the potential contribution of the CS initiative to the SDG 6 monitoring was performed. We conclude that around 54% of the goal's indicators could be supported by our CS initiative, which emphasizes the value of public engagement in SDG 6 monitoring. ; (AGRO - Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique) -- UCL, 2021

The article characterizes the current state and problematic aspects of public administration of maritime and related port activities in Ukraine. The urgency of the issue is due to the ongoing crisis in the legal and administrative regulation of these areas. The aim of the article is to establish optimal models and tools for constructing a new system of public administration of the maritime industry, taking into account international standards and best practices. The methodological basis of the research is formed by a system of general scientific and special legal methods of scientific research (historical, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction and forecasting). The article draws special attention to the fact that the declared revival and maintenance of the status of Ukraine as a maritime state, the development of its maritime trade and naval potential can not occur only due to situational changes in response to crisis events or to accelerate the decision of problems which have not been resolved for decades. Here, a different, systemic approach to both legal regulation and the practice of implementing the adopted legal norms should be introduced, a new approach to public administration of the entire industry. The author classifies measures to overcome the port crisis in Ukraine into financial, infrastructural and operational ones. It is proposed to repurpose the legal regulation and law enforcement practices to support public sector entities and seafarers-citizens of Ukraine, as well as to simplify formalities in the ports of Ukraine. The relevance of the concepts of anthropocentrism, service state and "good governance", taking into account risk management systems at all levels for the modernization of public administration of maritime and port activities in Ukraine, is emphasized. The priority is to analyze the steps taken and systematically update the current maritime and port legislation using a "package" approach to its development. This approach enables to ensure that the interests of most maritime and port stakeholders and the state are taken into account and balanced. ; В статье охарактеризованы современное состояние и проблемные аспекты публичного администрирования морской и связанной с ней портовой деятельности в Украине. Актуальность рассмотренной тематики обусловлена продолжающимся кризисом в пра- вовом и управленческом обеспечении этих сфер. Задание статьи состоит в поиске оптимальных моделей и инструментов построения новой системы публичного администрирования морской отрасли с учетом мировых стандартов и лучших практик. В статье обращено внимание на то, что задекларированное возрождение и поддержание звания Украины как морской державы, развитие ее морского торгового и военно-морского потенциала не может происходить только благодаря ситуационным изменениям по резуль- татам реагирования на кризисные события или для ускоренного разрешения проблем, которые не решались десятилетиями. Здесь должен быть внедрен другой, системный, подход как к правовому регулированию, так и к практике реализации уже принятых правовых норм – новый подход к публичному администрированию всей отрасли. Автором классифицированы меры по преодолению портового кризиса в Украине: финансовые, инфраструктурные и эксплуатационные. Предложена переориентация правового регулирования и практики правоприменения на поддержку субъектов хозяйствования государственного сектора и моряков-граждан Украины, а также упрощение формальностей в портах Украины. Подчеркнута актуальность концепций человекоцентризма, сервисного государства и «good governance» с учетом систем управления рисками на всех уровнях для модернизации публичного администрирования морской и портовой деятельности в Украине. В качестве первоочередной задачи определен анализ уже предпринятых шагов, системное обновление действующего морского и портового законодательства с применением «пакетного» подхода к его разработке. Именно благодаря такому подходу будет возможным обеспечить учет и баланс интересов большинства заинтересованных субъектов морской и портовой деятельности, а также государства. ; У статті охарактеризовано сучасний стан та проблемні аспекти публічного адміністрування морської та пов'язаної з нею портової діяльності в Україні. Актуальність порушеної тематики обумовлено триваючою кризою у правовому та управлінському забезпеченні цих сфер. Завданням статті є пошук оптимальних моделей та інструментів побудови нової системи публічного адміністрування морської галузі з урахуванням світових стандартів та кращих практик. У статті звернуто увагу на те, що задеклароване відродження та підтримання звання України як морської держави, розбудова її морського торговельного та військово-морського потенціалу не може відбуватися лише завдяки ситуаційним змінам за результатами реагування на кризові події або з метою пришвидшеного розв'язання проблем, які не вирішувалися десятиліттями. Тут має бути запроваджений інший, системний, підхід як до правового регулювання, так й до практики реалізації прийнятих правових норм – новий підхід до публічного адміністрування усієї галузі. Автором класифіковано заходи з подолання портової кризи в Україні: фінансові, інфраструктурні та експлуатаційні. Запропоновано здійснити переорієнтацію правового регулювання та практики правозастосування на підтримку суб'єктів господарювання державного сектору та моряків-громадян України, а також спрощення формальностей у портах України. Підкреслено актуальність концепцій людиноцентризму, сервісної держави та «good governance» з урахуванням систем управління ризиками на усіх рівнях для модернізації публічного адміністрування морської та портової діяльності в Україні. Першочерговим завданням визначено аналіз здійснених кроків, системне оновлення діючого морського та портового законодавства із застосуванням «пакетного» підходу до його розробки. Саме завдяки такому підходу можливо забезпечити врахування та баланс інтересів більшості зацікавлених суб'єктів морської і портової діяльності та держави.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global initiative lead by the United Nations to achieve "a better and more sustainable future for all". Given the increasing impact of climate change on the available water resources over the past two decades, a particular attention is paid to water through SDG 6. The SDG-6 aims to "ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all". This goal comes with a set of highly interconnected targets and indicators that are essential for its global and local implementation. Tunisia, as a member of the United Nations, adopted the framework of the SDGs with a particular interest in SDG 6 since Tunisia is considered as one of the highly water stressed countries in North Africa. Despite the growing need for a rapid, yet consistent, implementation of the goal in the country, very few scientific initiatives are working on monitoring the different indicators at the national scale using nationally-produced data. However, lower scale implementation and monitoring of SDG 6 indicators are essential to provide a consistent overview of the current state of water resources in the country. The current data infrastructure in Tunisia represents a major constraint, since the water-related information is poorly monitored and not accessible at the regional scale. This is due to the complex water institutional system, which is mostly dominated by the lack of coordination and communication between the different data providers. Nevertheless, over the past decade, participatory approaches for water monitoring have been getting more attention in many parts of the world, especially with the emergence of novel cost-effective smart technologies. Such participatory approaches are often referred to as Citizen Science (CS). With CS, citizens are involved in scientific activities, such as environmental monitoring, and they also can be a valuable part of decision making and policy formulation. Together with the generic available data, in particular from remote sensing technology, CS could be tested and implemented in Tunisia in order to improve the access to available and reliable data. The main objective of this thesis was to strengthen the scientific basis for participatory approaches in conjunction with public available environmental data to support the monitoring of water resources in Tunisia. The strengthening of water observation is expected to improve the monitoring of the SDG 6 indicators in Tunisia. The study is focused on the Medjerda catchment, which is the most important river basin in Tunisia and considered as the largest national water resource. The focus was first put on the calculation of the water stress SDG 6 indicator (6.4.2). This indicator was selected as a specific case in this study since water stress is very relevant for the considered catchment. The indicator was evaluated at the scale of the Medjerda catchment and 4 regions within for the period 2000-2016. The spatial and temporal disaggregation was based on analysis of both governmental and remote sensing data, and provided a valuable understanding of the seasonal and regional behavior of water stress. The lack of access to reliable official data was the major constraint in measuring the water stress indicator. The second research section of the thesis was then dedicated to the improvement of the water-related database of the Medjerda catchment through data collection and the creation of a publicly available and standardized online platform "Together4Water", which provides access and dynamic visualizations of the collected data as well as interactive real-time communication tool with users. Consequently, we introduced in the third section of this work the concept of CS as a complementary source of data in Tunisia. The approach was based on the engagement of everyday citizens of a test region within the Medjerda catchment in monitoring rainfall, discharge, and water quality using cost-effective tools. Focus was mainly put on rainfall and discharge monitoring. The Together4Water website was the base for reaching a wide range of citizens from different generations in the test region allowing the initiative to engage a group of volunteers in data collection. For rainfall, traditional low-cost rain gauges were used at multiple locations, while the data transmission was ensured through the Together4Water website. Results yield a good agreement between citizens' observations and the official rainfall data. For discharge, a publicly available smartphone app "Discharge app" was used to estimate river flow of the Medjerda at two locations. A Data fusion technique was then used to validate and combine citizens' estimations to generate unique yet higher quality discharge datasets for both locations. Finally, an assessment of the potential contribution of the CS initiative to the SDG 6 monitoring was performed. We conclude that around 54% of the goal's indicators could be supported by our CS initiative, which emphasizes the value of public engagement in SDG 6 monitoring. ; (AGRO - Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique) -- UCL, 2021

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Departamento de Historia Contemporánea. Fecha de lectura: 27-11-2019 ; Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 27-05-2021 ; La presente tesis doctoral investiga las relaciones bilaterales entre España y China desde 1972 hasta 1996. Este periodo coincide con los periodos de la historia española: posfranquismo, transición a la democracia y los Gobiernos socialistas de Felipe González. Por el lado chino, este periodo coincide con los últimos años de Mao Zedong y la paulatina apertura china al exterior de la mano de Deng Xiaoping. Con vistas a contextualizar correctamente los años centrales de la investigación, se ha realizado un resumen de las políticas exteriores de España y de China desde la llegada al poder de Francisco Franco y de Mao Zedong hasta el año 1996. Posteriormente se han narrado las relaciones entre ambos países desde la Edad Antigua hasta 1972. La historia de las relaciones bilaterales no debe investigarse solo desde un enfoque estatal, sino que debe ser también estudiada considerando nuevos factores como son: los medios de comunicación, el mundo académico, el mundo empresarial y, sobre todo, el juego de percepciones entre los dos países. De esta forma, se han tenido en cuenta diversos elementos para afrontar la investigación. La idea central de la presente tesis es conocer las características básicas de la política exterior española durante tres periodos de gobierno, en relación con un país que escapaba de la órbita de necesidades prioritarias de la política española. Esta misma característica hace, precisamente, que se pueden discernir las pautas de la política exterior española sin los condicionantes que marca la necesidad. Es la construcción de un espacio nuevo de entendimiento que parte de cero pero que contaba con importantes referentes históricos que recordar. En esta investigación, además, se podrán apreciar los cambios en la gestión de la política exterior española dependiendo de los distintos regímenes políticos habidos en el periodo. El análisis del año 1996, momento en el que los condicionantes empiezan a llenar el edificio de las relaciones bilaterales entre los dos países, nos servirá para apreciar los logros y las carencias de unas relaciones caracterizadas por la lejanía, un buen entendimiento general y algunos hechos aislados, pero de una fuerza diplomática de gran envergadura. Con este bagaje, y sobre todo con los análisis de los errores cometidos, podremos proyectar mejor las relaciones del futuro. ; This doctoral thesis investigates the bilateral relationships between Spain and China from 1972 to 1996. This period coincides with the periods of Spanish history: post-Francoism, transition to democracy and the socialist governments of Felipe González. On the Chinese side, this period coincides with the last years of Mao Zedong and the gradual Chinese opening to the outside world done by Deng Xiaoping. In order to contextualize correctly the central years of the investigation, a summary of the Spanish and Chinese foreign policy has been made, since the accession to power of Francisco Franco in Spain and Mao Zedong in China, until 1996. Subsequently there is a recalling of the relationships between Spain and China from the Ancient Age to 1972. The history of the bilateral relationship should not be investigated only from a state approach, but should also be studied considering new factors such as: the media, the academic world, the business world and, above all, the game of perceptions between both countries. In this way, various elements have been taken into account to approach the investigation. The central idea of this thesis is to know the basic characteristics of the Spanish foreign policy during three terms of government, in relation to a country that escaped the orbit of the priority needs of Spanish politics. It is this same characteristic what allows the guidelines of Spanish foreign policy to be discerned without the constraints determined by the needs. It is the construction of a new space of understanding that starts from zero but which had important historical references to remember. In addition, in this investigation you will be able to see the changes in the management of the Spanish foreign policy depending on the different political regimes. The analysis of the year 1996, time in which the conditions began to fill the building of the bilateral relationships between the two countries, will help us to appreciate both the achievements and the deficiencies of a relationship characterized by remoteness, a good general understanding and isolated facts but of a large diplomatic force. With this background, and especially with the analysis of the mistakes made, we can better project the relationships of the future