Suchergebnisse

Introduction: Salivary gland swellings can occur because of inflammation, cyst or neoplastic process. Neoplasms of salivary glands are relatively rare comprising less than 2% of all human tumors. Prevalence of salivary of gland lesions differ from place to place. There are more than 30 morphologically different types of salivary gland neoplasms; majority of which can be diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology with expertise. Material and methods: This was a retrospective observational study spanning over 5 years carried out in the department of Pathology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar. Hundred and forty-seven patients with salivary gland swelling were included in the study. Result: Benign salivary gland neoplasm was the most common lesion (54.42%) followed by inflammatory lesions (20.40%). Pleomorphic adenoma (90%) was the most common benign tumor affecting predominantly female patient and mostly involving the parotid gland. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (36.85%) followed by poorly differentiated carcinoma (26.31%). Benign tumors were more common in females, whereas malignant tumors occurred more frequently in males. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is fast, reliable and relatively accurate method to give tissue-based diagnosis of salivary gland swellings. It helps the clinician to plan the treatment modality for the patients in short time.

Introduction: Mukhyamantri Bal Hriday Upchar Yojna (MBHUY) is a Government scheme which was launched in the state of Madhya Pradesh (M.P) in 2011. Children suffering from congenital heart diseases have been identified and operated under Mukhyamantri Bal Hriday Upchar Yojna. The scheme has authorized 15 hospitals (10 in the state and 5 outside) for operative procedures. Present study was aimed to study the beneficiaries who have been operated and benefitted and to study the flow mechanism of grant provided under MBHUY and to identify the out of pocket expenses, if any. Methodology: Cross sectional study on 80 children using Pre designed, Semi Structured Questionnaire was used for data collection using Convenient Sampling Information about MBHUY. Conclusion: Majority of beneficiaries belonged to younger age groups (under five 76%, infants 48%) and their families represented all economic stata. Most common disease condition was VSD (30%) followed by ASD (18%). Anganwadi and health personnel were the main source of information and Chief Medical and Health Officer was the main procedural channel. No benificiery needed to go outside Indore for treatement. Benificiarries were allocated amount between 0.5 to 1.5 lacs in most of the cases. Time taken for approval of amount was 3 months and some benificieries needed to spend out of pocket in addition to support from of scheme. Conclusions: The implementation of the scheme was in helping the benificieries in better utilization of medical services. Important concerns were time taken for approval of fund and need to pay out of pocket that need to be addressed urgently.

The end of the 16th century saw Dutch expansion in Asia, as The Dutch East India Company (the VOC) was fast becoming an Asian power, both political and economic. By 1669, the VOC was the richest private company the world had ever seen. This landmark study looks at perhaps the most important tool in the Company' trading - its ships. In order to reconstruct the complete shipping activities of the VOC, the author created a unique database of the ships' movements, including frigates and other, hitherto ingored, smaller vessels. Parthesius's research into the routes and the types of ships in the service of the VOC proves that it was precisely the wide range of types and sizes of vessels that gave the Company the ability to sail - and continue its profitable trade - the year round. Furthermore, it appears that the VOC commanded at least twice the number of ships than earlier historians have ascertained. Combining the best of maritime and social history, this book will change our understanding of the commercial dynamics of the most successful economic organization of the period. - Robert Parthesius brengt de scheepvaart en handel van de VOC volledig in kaart. Hij toont aan dat de intra-Aziatische handel sleutel was tot het succes van de maatschappij in de zeventiende eeuw. Met dit boek rekent Robert Parthesius af met het bestaande beeld van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC). Parthesius reconstrueert tot in detail de grootte en de activiteiten van de maatschappij. Hij toont aan dat het aantal schepen onder bevel van de VOC minstens twee keer zo groot was als tot nu toe gedacht. Voorheen is vooral onderzoek gedaan naar het scheepvaartverkeer tussen Azië en Europa, de zogenaamde 'Retourvaart'. Parthesius keek verder dan deze retourvaart en analyseerde de ontwikkeling van het Nederlandse scheepvaartnetwerk in Azië van 1595 tot 1660. Voor deze studie verzamelde hij alle gegevens over VOC-schepen in een database. Zo bracht hij de scheepsroutes van de fregatten maar ook die van de kleinere schepen uitgebreid in kaart. Door de intra-Aziatische handel in de zeventiende eeuw en door de diversiteit aan schepen kon de VOC het hele jaar door varen en streefde zo concurrerende maatschappijen als die van de Portugezen voorbij. Dutch Ships in Tropical Waters is een unieke combinatie van maritiem en sociaal-historisch onderzoek. Dit boek verandert onze kijk op de commerciële dynamiek van de meest succesvolle organisatie in de zeventiende eeuw.

The goal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India (founded in 1820) was to create a science for the cultivation of plants in India and use this science to increase agricultural production. This article tracks the ideas of this society in its early decades as it created a highly contested and changing discourse regarding agriculture in India. As the society was based in Calcutta, it had Bengali members who appropriated and modified these ideas according to their own social circumstances. In the first decade of its life, many members envisioned the project of 'agricultural improvement' as increasing the production of food and medicine for local consumption as well as agricultural commodities for export. Yet beginning in 1829, this mixed agri-horticultural vision began to change. British members complained that local gardening activities were not remunerative and so the society should focus more on agriculture for export. As a result, agriculture began to be more clearly defined as the large-scale production of commodities for export, separate from the science of horticulture, which concerned growing fruits and vegetables for local consumption. Horticulture increasingly became the lesser science and the society's focus went towards agriculture for export. Many Bengali members remained more interested in the activities associated with horticulture, proceeding to develop an agri-horticultural knowledge which appropriated new ideas about gardening promoted by the society and combined them in new ways with gardening knowledge from other North Indian networks. This episode reveals the complex world of knowledge about plant cultivation even as the British created an English-language discourse of global capitalist agriculture.

AbstractHypertension is considered one of the most persistent public health issues and the single largest contributor to avoidable morbidity and mortality in India. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in youths (15-29 years) by gender and rural-urban place of residence. Data from the fourth round of the National Family and Health Survey – 2015-16 (n = 395,207) was utilised for the study. After estimation of the stratified prevalence of hypertension by various characteristics, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the correlates of hypertension. The results revealed that the prevalence of hypertension in youths at the national level varied from 9.16% (Meghalaya) to 3.34% (Delhi). The stratified analysis suggests pronounced gender differences in the prevalence of hypertension among youth with insignificant rural-urban differences, although the prevalence was higher in urban areas. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was found higher for male youths living in urban areas (7.82%) and females in rural areas (5.08%). Concurrently, results from regression analysis also suggest higher odds of hypertension for males residing in urban areas for a variety of demographic, socioeconomic, and health-risk factors. Advancing age, having no education, living in the northeast region, being overweight/obese and high blood glucose level was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of hypertension for both the gender and place of residence. Public health awareness regarding blood pressure needs to be tailored differently for both males and females considering the place of residence. The study suggests that more research should focus on blood pressure/hypertension among children, adolescents and youth since they point towards adult blood pressure patterns.

The paper explains the evolution, management systems and effectiveness of institutions involved in the management of forest resources. This has been done through comparative case studies of Van (Forest) Panchayats of Uttaranchal and Forest Protection Committees of West Bengal in India. Van Panchayats have been created as a response to the people's movement against forest reservation at the beginning of the 20th century. The concept of Forest Protection Committees under Joint Forest Management in India has recently emerged in response to the severe degradation of forest resources and the persistent conflicts and movements against the State. (World Development/DÜI)

A citizen-centric approach was used to understand the effectiveness of e-government web portals in India. So, the study aims to find the factors of e-government (i.e., information clarity and appropriateness, relevance & usefulness, information accuracy & completeness, system security, users' privacy, system stability, and interactive services) and their influence on citizen perception, citizen satisfaction, and users' intention. Since the e-government web portal is for the citizen of a country and random sampling is more appropriate. So, our study did the same with a modified scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model was applied to show model fit and multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the final data. The results revealed that the factors of e-government positively impact quality perception, citizen satisfaction, and Users' intention toward e-government. Further, data analysis has enough evidence to say e-government quality perception and citizen satisfaction mediate the relationship between factors of e-government and Users' intention. This investigation outlines how the government designs its e-government portal to enhance citizen satisfaction, citizen perception in terms of e-government quality, and users' intentions.

The 23 Down Haidergarh Canal command system of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Indo-Gangetic Plain of India. It has huge potential of crop productivity. The canal system was unlined; due to which a huge amount of water waste as seepage, which results, waterlogging and sodic land development. This leads reduction in the productivity of crop land. To overcome with this problem government started the restructuring/lining of canal in 23 Down Haidergarh canal command system.The present study was an attempt to find out the changes in agricultural land of rabi season because during rabi season canal is important source of irrigation in 23 Down Haidergarh canal command system. Remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to monitor the changes after the restructuring of canal system. The LISS-III data (Linear Imaging Self-Scanner) of Rabi season for the year 2011–12 and 2017–18 was used for mapping of agricultural land use changes in rabi season for 23 Down Haidergarh canal command system. This study is useful to find out the change in agricultural land after the restructuring of canal command system.

The 23 Down Haidergarh Canal command system of Uttar Pradesh is situated in Indo-Gangetic Plain of India. It has huge potential of crop productivity. The canal system was unlined; due to which a huge amount of water waste as seepage, which results, waterlogging and sodic land development. This leads reduction in the productivity of crop land. To overcome with this problem government started the restructuring/lining of canal in 23 Down Haidergarh canal command system.The present study was an attempt to find out the changes in agricultural land of rabi season because during rabi season canal is important source of irrigation in 23 Down Haidergarh canal command system. Remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to monitor the changes after the restructuring of canal system. The LISS-III data (Linear Imaging Self-Scanner) of Rabi season for the year 2011–12 and 2017–18 was used for mapping of agricultural land use changes in rabi season for 23 Down Haidergarh canal command system. This study is useful to find out the change in agricultural land after the restructuring of canal command system.

Taxes are a major source of revenue in a large states so the governer strives invarious ways to increase state revenues from taxes. This happened because noteveryone who pays taxes, referred as taxpayers is willing to pay their taxes welland correctly. One of the ways used by the government is issuing a policy thatcan increase tax revenues. That policy is known as Tax Amnesty.There are manycountries, both developed and developing countries that have implemented TaxAmnesty policy. In this paper, the author analyzes the implementation of TaxAmnesty by comparing two developing countries in Asia, Indonesia and India,This kind of study is known as comparative study. One of the considerations aboutthe pointing of the countries as subjects is both of Indonesia and India started toimplementing Tax Amnesty at the same time in 2016. The analysis is done bycomparing the background, the purpose of the implementation, and the resultsobtained from Tax Amnesty policy. The result of Tax Amnesty showed that differentimplementation purpose, implementation period, and the way to implementcaused different results of tax revenues.

This paper locates armed ethnic conflicts in Northeast India across four interactive qualitative variables: ethnic exclusivity and colonial isolation; strategy of the armed groups; the use of violence; and external connections. The Indian state's response to these armed ethnic conflicts is located within three conceptual parametres: proportionate use of force; dialogue and negotiations; and structural changes in the affected areas. Cases of armed ethnic conflicts utilized for empirical illustration includes the Dima Halam Daogah (DHD) and the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) in Assam, the National Socialist Council of Nagalim led by Thuingaleng Muivah and Isak Chisi Swu-NSCN (IM) based in Manipur and Nagaland, and the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) based in Manipur. A few policy recommendations are also offered to better address armed ethnic conflicts in India's Northeastern landscape. The two main research questions the paper addresses are the following: 1. Why does Northeast India suffer from multiple armed ethnic conflicts since 1947? 2. What has been the Indian state's response to the multiple armed conflicts in the Northeast?