Suchergebnisse

4 p. ; Attributed to Samuel Chidley. ; Caption title. ; Imprint from Wing. ; An address to Cromwell, praying him to abolish capital punishment for stealing. ; Printed in red ink. ; Annotation on Thomason copy: "March 2d 1656"; [illegible] formerly March 1656". ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.

Anglo-American intelligence, war planning and naval cooperation, 1933-39 -- British and American views of the Soviet Union's role in the Far East, 1933-39, I: The British -- British and American views of the Soviet Union's role in the Far East, 1933-39, II: The Americans -- The development of Anglo-American trust and the 1935 London naval conference (I) -- The development of Anglo-American trust and the 1935 London naval conference (II) -- The Foreign Office and the State Department, 1937-39 -- Conclusion

Powyższy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie działania precedencji na przykładzie państw wybranych z uwagi na ich strukturę wewnętrzną (Rzeczpospolita Polska, Francja i Włochy jako kraje unitarne oraz Niemcy, USA i Rosja jako państwa federalne) lub też panujący w nich ustrój (Wielka Brytania i Irlandia Północna oraz Hiszpania jako monarchie). W celu lepszego zobrazowania problematyki opis zwyczajów i regulacji współczesnych poprzedza wstęp historyczny, a także zarys podstaw zasad pierwszeństwa w ramach korpusu dyplomatycznego. Artykuł konkluduje myśl, iż precedencja – znajdująca obecnie zastosowanie niemalże wyłącznie w polityce – powinna występować w wielu dziedzinach życia, ponieważ jest środkiem pozwalającym na rozwiązanie zarówno różnorakich kwestii proceduralnych, jak również konfliktów na tle niezamierzonego okazania braku szacunku. ; The article depicts order of precedence on the example of countries selected either based on their internal structure (Poland, France and Italy as unitary states and Germany, the USA and Russia as federal states) or their form of government (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Spain as monarchies). In order to picture the issue better, the description of present customs and regulations is preceded by historical introduction, as well as an outline of the basics of the rules of precedence in the diplomatic corps. Ultimately, the author concludes that precedence – being present almost solely in politics – ought to be found in nearly all areas of life, as it enables the resolution of various issues, as well as conflicts resulting from unintended lack of respect.

In 1654, England's Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell conceived a plan of breathtaking ambition: the conquest of Spain's vast American empire. As the first phase of his Western Design, a large expedition sailed to the West Indies, under secret orders to take Spanish colonies. The English Conquest of Jamaica presents entrenched imperial fantasies confronting Caribbean realities. It captures the moment when the revolutionary English state first became a major player in the Atlantic arena. Although capturing Jamaica was supposed to be only the first step in Cromwell's scheme, even that relatively modest acquisition proved difficult. The English badly underestimated the myriad challenges they faced, starting with the unexpectedly fierce resistance offered by the Spanish and other residents who tenaciously defended their island. After sixteen long years Spain surrendered Jamaica and acceded to an English presence in the Americas in the 1670 Treaty of Madrid. But by then, other goals--including profit through commerce rather than further conquest--had superseded the vision behind the Western Design. Carla Gardina Pestana situates Cromwell's imperial project in the context of an emerging Atlantic empire as well as the religious strife and civil wars that defined seventeenth-century England. Though falling short of its goal, Cromwell's plan nevertheless reshaped England's Atlantic endeavors and the Caribbean region as a whole. Long before sugar and slaves made Jamaica Britain's most valuable colony, its acquisition sparked conflicts with other European powers, opened vast tropical spaces to exploitation by the purportedly industrious English, and altered England's engagement with the wider world.--

"... THE TIBETANS ARE BUT THE SMALLEST PAWNS ON THE POLITICAL CHESSBOARD, BUT CASTLES, KNIGHTS, AND BISHOPS MAY ALL BE INVOLVED IN TRYING TO TAKE THE PAWN." HAMILTON TO CURZON THE YOUNGHUSBAND MISSION TO LHASA IN 1904 WAS AN EVENT WHICH TRANSCENDED THE CIRCUMSCRIBED LIMITS OF ANGLO-TIBETAN RELATIONS. IT LIT THE FUSE TO AN IMPERIAL CRISIS, BITTERLY DIVIDING THE INDIAN VICEROY, LORD CURZON, AND HIS COLLEAGUES IN THE HOME GOVERNMENT. CRITICS HAVE SEEN CURZON'S TIBETAN POLICY AS AN ANACHRONISM: THE MANIC OBSESSION OF A RUSSOPHOBE WHOSE LACK OF JUDGMENT WAS EXPOSED WHEN YOUNGHUSBAND DISCOVERED NO SIGN OF A VISIBLE RUSSIAN PRESENCE OF LHASA, THE SPUR WHICH HAD PROPELLED HIM THERE. HOWEVER, TO DAMN CURZON ON THAT GROUND ALONE DOES SCANT JUSTICE TO THE CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF HIS POLICY. IT WAS AN AXIOM OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS IN HIS DAY, AS IT IS OFTEN AN UNSPOKEN ASSUMPTION IN OURS, THAT GREAT POWERS REACH A MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING ON THEIR SPHERES OF INTEREST IN ORDER TO AVOID SERIOUS CONFLICT. SUCH SPHERES WERE PRINCIPALLY DETERMINED BY GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. BRITISH INDIA WAS ENTITLED TO ITS OWN ZONE OF INFLUENCE AS MUCH AS RUSSIA'S IMPERIAL DOMINIONS.1 A LASTING ACCORD BETWEEN BRITAIN AND RUSSIA COULD ONLY BE BASED ON THIS PERCEPTION, HENCE HIS CRITICISM OF THE ANGLO-RUSSIAN CONVENTION OF 1907. BUT IF CURZON CAST A WARY EYE ON RUSSIA, HE WAS SCORNFUL OF CHINESE PRETENTIONS IN TIBET. LHASA, IN HIS VIEW, HAD TO BE FREE OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE INFLUENCE.

What is the value of diplomacy? How does it affect the course of foreign affairs independent of the distribution of power and foreign policy interests? Theories of international relations too often implicitly reduce the dynamics and outcomes of diplomacy to structural factors rather than the subtle qualities of negotiation. If diplomacy is an independent effect on the conduct of world politics, it has to add value, and we have to be able to show what that value is. In Diplomacy's Value, Brian C. Rathbun sets forth a comprehensive theory of diplomacy, based on his understanding that political leaders have distinct diplomatic styles--coercive bargaining, reasoned dialogue, and pragmatic statecraft. Drawing on work in the psychology of negotiation, Rathbun explains how diplomatic styles are a function of the psychological attributes of leaders and the party coalitions they represent. The combination of these styles creates a certain spirit of negotiation that facilitates or obstructs agreement. Rathbun applies the argument to relations among France, Germany, and Great Britain during the 1920s as well as Palestinian-Israeli negotiations since the 1990s. His analysis, based on an intensive analysis of primary documents, shows how different diplomatic styles can successfully resolve apparently intractable dilemmas and equally, how they can thwart agreements that were seemingly within reach.

"Gender, Culture and Politics in England, 1560-1640 integrates social history, politics and literary culture as part of a groundbreaking study that provides revealing insights into the lives of men and women in early modern England. Susan D. Amussen and David E. Underdown examine familiar chaotic characters from the period, such as scolds, cuckolds, witches and scandalous women, and consider the significance of the disorder they create and how they turn the ordered world around them upside down in a very specific, gendered way. Using case studies from theatre, civic ritual and witchcraft, the book demonstrates how the idea of an upside down world, centered on gender inversion, repeatedly permeates the mental world of early modern England. Amussen and Underdown show both how gender was central to understanding society, and the ways in which both unruly women and failed patriarchs were disciplined. In doing so, they give a glimpse of how we can connect different dimensions of early modern society. This is a vital study for anyone keen to know more about the importance of gender in society, culture and politics in 16th- and 17th-century England"--Provided by publisher

1 sheet ([1] p.) ; Verse - "Curs'd be those eyes that sees him". ; Reproduction of original in the Harvard University Library.

Books reviewed:The monastic order in Yorkshire, Sandra RabanThe demography of early modern towns: York in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, John S. MooreInventories of Worcestershire landed gentry, 1537‐1786, Vivienne LarminieTenant right and agrarian society in Ulster, 1600‐1870, S. J. ConnollyRogues,Thieves and the rule of law: the problem of law enforcement in north‐east England, 1718‐1800, Garthine WalkerNewspapers, politics and public opinion in late eighteenth‐century England, Owen JacksonInsanity, institutions and society, 1800‐1914: a social history of madness in comparative perspective, Bill LuckinFree trade and its reception, 1815‐1960: freedom and trade: vol. 1, Mark Wickham‐JonesPolicing provincial England, 1829‐1856: the politics of reform, Roger SwiftWriting the Irish Famine, David FitzpatrickThe end of hidden Ireland: rebellion, famine, and emigration, David FitzpatrickThe municipal government of Bristol, 1851‐1901, Barry DoyleThe history and practice of Britain's railways: a new research agenda, John ArmstrongEducation and economic decline in Britain, 1870 to the 1990s, John Maloney'The battle for health': a political history of the Socialist Medical Association, 1930‐1951, Virginia BerridgeGresford: the anatomy of a disaster, Joseph MellingHealth and society in Britain since 1939, Bernard HarrisMastering the market: the state and the grain trade in northern France, 1700‐1860, Colin HeywoodRevolution and environment in southern France: peasants, lords, and murder in the Corbières, 1780‐1830, Hugh CloutThe role of banks in monitoring firms: the case of Crédit Mobilier, Geoffrey E. WoodRepertorium Columbianum, IV, Christopher Columbus and his family: the Genoese and Ligurian documents, Trevor DeanSpain's men of the sea: daily life on the Indies fleets in the sixteenth century, Marcus RedikerChristianity under the ancien régime, 1648‐1789, Linda KirkIdentity and intolerance: nationalism, racism and xenophobia in Germany and the United States, Eve RosenhaftEuropean culture and the Great War: the arts, entertainment and propaganda, Adrian GregoryWestern Europe: economic and social change since 1945, J. Adam ToozeGotham: a history of New York City to 1898, Karen WillsCopper for America: the United States copper industry from colonial times to the 1990s, Peter McleayManufacturing the future: a history of Western Electric, John CantwellUS trade policy: history, theory and the WTO, Ranald MichieLa economiá argentina en el largo plazo: ensayos de historia económica de los siglos XIX y XX , Rory MillerProgress, poverty and exclusion: an economic history of Latin America in the twentieth century, Paul HendersonThe Chinese business elite in Indonesia and the transition to independence, 1940‐1950, Anne BoothJapan's war economy, Kenneth D. BrownEconomic crises and restructuring in history: experiences of small countries, Alan S. MilwardThe gold standard and related regimes: collected essays, Derek H. Aldcroft