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Aus australischer Sicht

Abstract
Taking on this Symposium's invitation to rethink international organizations law by focusing on scholars and practitioners outside the mainstream, this article explores and evaluates the legacy of Anne-Marie Leroy, the World Bank General Counsel from 2009 to 2016. In her attempt to trade the formal, rigid language of law for the deformalized routine of risk management – described as a 'paradigm shift' from 'rules to principles' – Leroy could be portrayed as an antipode to those who developed or nurtured the discipline of international organizations law. Yet it is precisely by focusing on figures working outside (and against) the diagrams of the discipline that we can gain a critical perspective on the evolving life of law in international institutions. The article specifically focuses on how Leroy's paradigm shift sought to bypass, manage, and overcome problems of operational expansion and institutional accountability to the outside world – perhaps the two frontiers where the conceptual normative confidence of mainstream, functionalist approaches most manifestly hit their limits. In both domains, the article shows, the principled (occasionally prohibitive) posture of liberal legalism instilled by some of Leroy's predecessors had to be traded for an attitude of 'agility' and enhanced 'risk appetite'. This article traces these changes in the professional sensibility and material practice of international law(yering) and critically evaluates the 'new normative architecture' of 'risk' that underpins it. It is by dwelling in this disjunction between familiar doctrinal dilemmas and mundane material practices of lawyering – a space teeming with unexpected rules and routines – that a critical reinvigoration, reorientation, and re-theorization of international organizations law can emerge.

With armorial bookplate - Lord Dinorben. ; 8vo.: [-]²; a-x⁸; y¹; [-]¹; B-E⁸; F²; [-]¹. ; First edition? ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Thomas Thorp, London, Jan. 1955. ; Bound in half calf, marbled paper boards.

The reception of European Union law in Hungary has produced mixed results. The Constitutional Court, entangled in a jurisprudence which focuses primarily on the question whether it has competence under national law to address issues of EU law, has refrained from formulating a comprehensive account of the constitutional impact of membership in the European Union. The constitutional limits of membership remain obscure leaving the parameters of constitutional control following the principles of democracy, the rule of law and national sovereignty unspecified. The approach of the Hungarian judiciary, under the coordination of the Supreme Court, has been more ambitious. The basic tenets of the judicial application of European Union law have been secured in the jurisprudence, and Hungarian courts regard themselves equipped to interpret and apply EU law. There are indications, however, that the jurisprudence incorporated the relevant principles without sufficient care for legal detail and without regard to the qualifications and limitations of those principles in EU law. Instances of material misdirection in EU law also shed certain doubts over the performance of Hungarian courts.

Why speak of Beauvoir's legacy in "feminist" philosophy and not in philosophy? Romero begins with this question a broad and complex journey that analyzes the relationships of The Second Sex, both in the international context and in the Spanish, considering movements such as Sesentayochismo, and currents such as Radical Feminism. Focusing on the Spain of the s. XXI the repercussions of this legacy and the effects on women are discussed in different orders, moral, knowledge and political. They bring to the fore the contribution and achievements of women in fields such as history (transition to democracy), the university context and academic philosophy (and their effects on feminist philosophy), and the foundations of a democracy. based on parity. ; ¿Por qué hablar del legado de Beauvoir en la filosofía "feminista" y no en la filosofía? Romero inicia con esta pregunta un recorrido amplio y complejo que analiza las relaciones de El segundo Sexo, tanto en el contexto internacional como en el español, considerando movimientos como el Sesentayochismo, y corrientes como el Feminismo Radical. Centrándose en la España del s. XXI las repercusiones de este legado y los efectos en la mujer son discutidas en distintos órdenes, moral, conocimiento y político. En ellos se trae a primer plano la contribución y los logros de mujeres en campos como la historia (transición hacia la democracia), el contexto universitario y de la filosofía académica (y sus efectos en la filosofía feminista), y las bases de una democracia basada en la paridad. Abstract Why speak of Beauvoir's legacy in "feminist" philosophy and not in philosophy? Romero begins with this question a broad and complex journey that analyzes the relationships of The Second Sex, both in the international context and in the Spanish, considering movements such as Sesentayochismo, and currents such as Radical Feminism. Focusing on the Spain of the s. XXI the repercussions of this legacy and the effects on women are discussed in different orders, moral, knowledge and political. They bring to the fore the contribution and achievements of women in fields such as history (transition to democracy), the university context and academic philosophy (and their effects on feminist philosophy), and the foundations of a democracy. based on parity.

With increasing sugar beet campaign length over the last years, a range of measures were implemented in Austria in order to improve the processing of deteriorated beet. Consequently, possibilities for the objective detection and evaluation of beet quality were tested. This included an image analyzer, which detects the share of dark-colored beets on the belt conveyor, determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) above the cossette conveyor belt by means of a flame ionization detector as well as the determination of glucose in raw juice and an automated determination system of the optimum end point of the 1st carbonation and effective alkalinity in juices in juice purification. Apart from discussing the technical set-up of the measurement systems also the possibilities how to use the information for operating the process, e.g. for optimizing the application of dextranase or the amount of milk of lime in juice purification, are presented. These systems, which were originally developed and tested in Austria in the factory Tulln, are now being implemented bit by bit also in other factories of the AGRANA Sugar Division.

This book develops a novel approach to peace and conflict studies, through an original application of the philosophy of Jacques Derrida to the post-conflict politics of Northern Ireland and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on new readings of the peace agreements and the post-conflict political systems, the book goes beyond accounts that present a static picture of 'fixed divisions' in these cases. By exploring how formal electoral politics and the informal political spheres of artistic, cultural, judicial and protest movements already contest the politics of division, the book argues that the post-conflict political systems in Northern Ireland and Bosnia and Herzegovina are in a process of deconstruction. The text adds to the Derridean lexicon by developing the idea of a 'deconstructive conclusion', which challenges historical understandings of conflicts at the same time as challenging their consequences in the present. The study provides a critical contribution to peacebuilding and International Relations literature, by demonstrating how Derridean concepts can be utilised to provide fresh understandings of conflict and post-conflict situations, as well as allowing for political interventions to be made into these processes.

Social media have become an important means of imposing ideas and interests in social‏ conflicts. The Syrian conflict is analysed using sentiment analysis of tweets in order to establish how the‏ sentiment shapes the modern political landscape and influences recipient knowledge. The importance of‏ social networks and their potential in overthrowing regimes as well as in radicalization are highlighted.‏ The authors suggest several stages that can be used for analysing tweets and how they impact the reader‏ with selected narration. Sentiment analysis is used on a trained data set as a way to gain insight into‏ tweets of different factions in the Syria conflict. Selected tweets on missile strikes were published on 14‏ April 2018 and the day after. The Twitter profiles of three different sides – pro-Assad, pro-West and anti-‏ Assad – were also analysed. The results show that there is a real battle on social media with the purpose‏ of influencing human emotions.‏ ; Društveni mediji postali su bitna platforma za širenje ideja i interesa u društvenim sukobima. Za analizu sirijskog sukoba korištena je analiza sentimenta, kako bi se shvatilo na koji način sentiment oblikuje aktualno političko okruženje i utječe na znanje recipijenta. Rad ukazuje na važnost društvenih mreža, ali i na njihov potencijal u svrgavanju režima, kao i na sam proces radikalizacije. Autori predlažu nekoliko faza koje se mogu koristiti u analizi tweetova. Analiza sentimenta je korištena na treniranom skupu podataka kako bi se dobio uvid u tweetove različitih frakcija sirijskog sukoba. Odabrani tweetovi odnose se na raketni napadom 14. travnja 2018., kao i na dan nakon napada, 15. travnja 2018. Analizirani Twitter profili uključuju tri različite strane: pro-Assad, pro-Zapad i anti-Assad. Rezultati pokazuju da postoji stvarni sukob u društvenim medijima s ciljem utjecanja na ljudske emocije.

In the short term, Vietnam may benefit from the US-China trade war through replacing Vietnam's Chinese exports of goods to the US market and the relocation of China-based manufacturers to Vietnam. The Vietnamese government's strategy to address these external trade tensions is to enhance macro-economic stability, mitigate exchange rate volatility, and participate in trade agreements to maintain export growth. However, in the long term, the US China trade war presents challenges to Vietnam's export-led and foreign investment-led growth model.

Although International Environmental law is considered as one of the most practicable tools to protect and preserve the environment, this practicability depends on participation of all types of national and international groups and actors. In fact, protecting the environment is only feasible when all groups are involved. This is resulted from its complicated and also extensive nature. Thus, not only at an international level without participation of all groups, governmental and nongovernmental actors, and even civil societies does environmental law remain an intellectual concept, but also at national level cooperation of legal custodian of environment with all part of the society is absolutely necessary in order to protect and preserve the environment. According to international investigations and its conformity with national conditions, existence of NGOs and Civil Societies is an indispensable preliminary fact. However, it will not be an exaggeration, if we claim NGOs in Iran are obsolete compared to other countries. This is mainly resulted from situation of organization in Iran's legal system. According to the leading role of NGOs in environmental law development, in this study, we focus on legal vacuum regarding their partnership and possible solutions to remove impediments. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s6p46

Bookseller's advertisements on pages [4] and 164. ; "Extracts from the marine practice of physic and surgery. With some brief directions to be observed by sea-surgeons in engagements, &c. By William Northcote, Surgeon, many years in the sea-service. Including, The nature and treatment of gun-shot wounds. By John Ranby, Esquire; surgeon general to the British Army" (pages [113]-164), with separate title page. ; Signatures: [A]⁴ B² C-P⁴ ²P⁴ Q-U⁴. ; Sabin, J. Dictionary of books relating to America from its discovery to the present time, ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Early American medical imprints, ; Hildeburn, C.R. Century of printing, ; Evans, C. American bibliography, ; English short title catalogue, ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Non-contemporary half brown goatskin with tan cloth sides; spine titled direct in gold. ; Red ink stamp: Boston Athenaeum. ; ACQ: 16661; Goodspeed; 4/13/1972; [Clements Library Associate].

We find that the Friedman rule is not optimal with government transfers and distortionary taxation. This result holds for heterogeneous agents, standard homogeneous preferences, and constant returns to scale production functions. The presence of transfers changes the standard optimal taxation result of uniform taxation. As transfers cannot be taxed, a positive nominal net interest rate is the indirect way to tax the additional income derived from transfers. The higher the transfers, the higher is the optimal inflation rate. We calibrate a model with transfers to the US economy and obtain optimal values for inflation substantially above the Friedman rule. ; N/A