Suchergebnisse

The problem of reporting an sanitary event with regards to uncommon phenomenon, grouped in case of the same pathology and toxic-infection of collective food products is put into evidence in April 2006, following an important and prolonged epidemic of water borne gastroenteritis, linked to a malfunction on the part of water suppliers detected by routine samples from the departmental direction of sanitary and social affairs, the epidemic being reported after its peak and the water cut. The study of this epidemic and previous ones show on one part the inadequacy of the reporting body to whom the general practitioners report to relative to the needs of the sanitary watchdog principallylinked to the poor overview of the phenomenon by doctors, and on the other part the problematic early detection of AGE of water borne origin such as the "hidden-observable" referred to in the theory of hidden possible observations.The recommendations are based on the power of coordination of the health services administration with a goal of informing practitioners of this problem and to propose intervention as emergency aid, directly at the level of the sanitary watch-body, but in a focused way and adapted to their method of working, on the basis of a cooperative partnership. Also to convince the health services to authorize the use of the 'carte vitale' for the regional tracing of cases. So to legislate with the aim of imposing the transmission of environmental reports digitally and in real time to the health services. Finally to adopt a mathematical model with the acquisition of reports coupled with creating a system of aid to decision makers at the level of the peripheral echelon of the sanitary watchdog. ; Le problème du signalement d'événement sanitaire, tel que phénomène inhabituel, cas groupé de même pathologie et TIAC est mis en évidence en avril 2006, à la suite d'une épidémie d'importance et prolongée de gastroentérite, d'origine hydrique, lié à un dysfonctionnement au niveau du traiteur d'eau détecté par les prélèvements ...

It is an examination of the interdependent links but paradoxical between order and justice in Rousseau, by taking account the variety of the contexts in which the two concepts come into contact, especially in the nature and society fields. Order generally seems pre-eminent in Rousseau's. But without justice, the positive value of the order turns over in negative value. The order is then unjust, or, the apparent order masks a real disorder. The relationship between the two concepts thus depends on the adopted point of view: ontological and metaphysical, or critical and evaluative. The interdependence of these concepts is further complicated by their polysemy. Order appears in a natural, social and individual form, and justice obeys a dual paradigm: a natural and rational paradigm of justice. However, the both models have limits. In order to resolve this problem due to the existence of an unjust order, Rousseau combines equality and injustice, and proposes an educational theory for Men to reach justice. ; Il s'agit d'examiner les rapports solidaires mais paradoxaux entre ordre et justice, chez Rousseau, en tenant compte de la variété des contextes dans lesquels les deux concepts entrent en rapport, notamment dans les domaines de la nature et de la société. D'une manière générale, l'ordre semble prééminent dans l'œuvre rousseauiste. Mais sans la justice, la valeur positive de l'ordre se retourne en valeur négative. L'ordre est alors injuste, ou encore, l'ordre apparent masque un désordre réel. Les rapports entre les deux concepts dépendent donc du point de vue adopté : ontologique et métaphysique, ou bien critique et évaluatif. L'interdépendance de ces concepts est encore compliquée par leur polysémie. L'ordre se présente sous forme naturelle, sociale et individuelle, et la justice obéit à un double paradigme : un paradigme naturel et un paradigme rationnel. Cependant, ces deux modèles ont leurs limites. Pour résoudre le problème posé par l'existence d'un ordre injuste, Rousseau combine égalité et inégalité, et propose une théorie de l'éducation de l'individu à la justice.

. The in-depth study of the registration of the Lugdunum des Convens customs station allows us to come back to the question of its location and to enrich our knowledge of the subordinate staff of the financial administration of the Roman Empire. In the light of recent research, the ar-ticle also provides an update on the location of the station in the city and on the taxation of local commerce, keywords Customs, portorium, financial administration, slaves and imperial franchis, trade in marble. Abstract A thorough research about the registration of the custom station at Lugdunum Convenarum allows to go back over the issue of its site and to improve our knowledge concerning the financial sub-clerical grades in the Roman Empire. By the light of recent studies, this paper is also affected in the remote location of the station in the city and in the taxation of local trade. ; International audience ; . The in-depth study of the registration of the Lugdunum des Convens customs station allows us to come back to the question of its location and to enrich our knowledge of the subordinate staff of the financial administration of the Roman Empire. In the light of recent research, the ar-ticle also provides an update on the location of the station in the city and on the taxation of local commerce, keywords Customs, portorium, financial administration, slaves and imperial franchis, trade in marble. Abstract A thorough research about the registration of the custom station at Lugdunum Convenarum allows to go back over the issue of its site and to improve our knowledge concerning the financial sub-clerical grades in the Roman Empire. By the light of recent studies, this paper is also affected in the remote location of the station in the city and in the taxation of local trade. ; L'étude approfondie de l'inscription de la station douanière de Lugdunum des Convènes permet de revenir sur la question de sa localisation et d'enrichir nos connaissances sur le personnel subalterne de l'administration financière de l'Empire romain. À ...

Facultad de Economía Vasco de Quiroga. Maestría en Ciencias en Desarrollo Local ; Nowadays the civil participation is fundamental for the local development, but many cases exist still in the country where he is not taken into consideration to create development alternatives, being that this one is fundamental for to know really the needs of the society and to construct proposals for to attend to them. With this investigation one tries to contribute new forms of organization and planeación for the local development in a municipality in specific of ours country, named Yuriria in the State of Guanajuato. This place has been planned traditional and unilaterally for certain actors who are domineering political class, therefore, the aftereffects of the same one not they have shown in a social welfare and development. Nevertheless in administrative period of the years 2006-2009 impelled a form of planeación different, of character participativo, with this one was realized approach with all the social partners to carry out the process of the making of the municipal development plan of this period, in order to to listen to the different needs that exist in the different communities with that the municipality is provided and in the proper head, in addition to knowing also the different proposals to solve the above mentioned needs but from the organized point of view and consensado of academicians, businessmen, officials, Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONGs), that is to say, of all the participants of this process for a better development of the municipality. The investigation of this process throws us that a management was realized for to be able to carry out the making of the plan, happening for a stage of I lobby with different municipal officials and the proper president policeman. ; Hoy en día la participación ciudadana es fundamental para el desarrollo local, pero existen todavía muchos casos en el país donde no se le toma en cuenta para crear alternativas de desarrollo, siendo que ésta es fundamental para ...

El presente discurso tiene como objetivo analizar algunas de las principales contingencias sociológicas que, presentes en la complejidad de los procesos de estructuración social contemporáneos, puedan generar la pérdida o un grado de ambivalencia que derive en una ausencia del sentido espiritual, científico y universalista de la universidad como institución social para la excelencia de la pedagogía y de producción de conocimiento técnico y científico. Entendiendo que las contingencias aquí analizadas se refieren, principalmente, a la 'nueva' organización del sistema económico y a la democratización expansiva sin control de esferas de interacción social que, por constitución y evolución histórica, si bien no son contrarias a la democracia, sí son ajenas a ella. ; This discourse aims to analyze some major sociological contingencies present in the complexity of the processes of contemporary social structure; that can generate a loss or a degree of ambivalence that results in the absence of the spiritual, scientific and Universalist sense of the university as a social institution for excellence in teaching and production of technical and scientific knowledge. Knowing that the contingencies that discussed here refer mainly to the 'new' economic system organization and democratization uncontrolled expansion of areas of social interaction that; by constitution and historical development, are not contrary to democracy, but are outsiders. ; Le but de ce discours est celui d'analyser quelques-unes des principales éventualités sociologiques présentes dans la complexité des processus de structuration sociale contemporains, pouvant entraîner la perte ou un degré d'ambivalence qui aboutit à une absence du sens spirituel scientifique et universaliste de l'université en tant qu'institution sociale, par excellence, de pédagogie et de production du savoir technique et scientifique. Il faut tenir compte du fait que les contingences y analysées se rapportent principalement à la « nouvelle » organisation du système économique et à la démocratisation expansive sans contrôle des sphères d'interaction sociale lesquelles, par constitution et évolution historique, même si celles-ci ne sont pas contraires à la démocratie, elles lui sont étranges. ; 503-524 ; semestral

Il contributo esplora alcuni aspetti del ruolo dell'interprete nel contesto delle attività economico-commerciali ed aziendali considerando da un lato gli sviluppi registrati negli ultimi due decenni nel campo degli interpreting studies e dall'altro l'avvento del concetto di mediazione linguistica, che in tali sviluppi trova almeno parzialmente il suo fondamento, essendo peraltro anche legittimato dall'affermazione di una concezione sempre più complessa della comunicazione interpersonale come attività socialmente situata e profondamente radicata nella dimensione psicologica, affettiva e culturale dell'individuo (cf. Watzlawick et al. 1971). Tradizionalmente la ricerca sull'interpretazione è stata fortemente condizionata dalla predominanza dell'interpretazione di conferenza, nel cui ambito la natura prevalentemente monologica degli eventi comunicativi indagati ("lectures", cfr. Goffman 1981) ha determinato la selezione degli strumenti teorici da utilizzarsi nelle indagini, le quali si sono centrate soprattutto sull'analisi dei processi cognitivi (e neurologici) coinvolti e della qualità della resa. È stata l'ascesa della ricerca sull'interpretazione di comunità e sul dialogue interpreting in generale che ha restituito l'evento comunicativo mediato da interprete ad un contesto situazionale ed interpersonale complesso, mettendo in luce la sua rilevanza in termini sociolinguistici, discorsivi e culturali. In questo contesto, si è registrata la tendenza a porre forte enfasi sul ruolo di mediazione interculturale dell'interprete, sovente in un'ottica di political correctness, anche in considerazione della sempre crescente importanza che il public service interpreting ha assunto nella società contemporanea e dello status delle persone a cui viene reso questo tipo di servizio. Tuttavia, questo impegno interculturale e interpersonale che viene oggi sempre più strettamente associato al ruolo dell'interprete-mediatore si pone almeno parzialmente in contraddizione con uno dei capisaldi del codice deontologico dell'interprete, cioè la necessità di sua assoluta imparzialità, neutralità ed estraneità alle dinamiche relazionali proprie dei rapporti tra gli interlocutori coinvolti nello scambio comunicativo mediato. L'intervento discute queste problematiche in relazione al ruolo dell'interprete nell'ambiente aziendale e nelle trattative commerciali internazionali, un'area che peraltro ha ricevuto attenzione relativamente limitata nell'ambito degli studi sull'interpretazione dialogica. Verrà discussa in particolare la legittimità del ruolo dell'interprete come mediatore, considerando non solo lo statuto riservato a questa figura professionale nel mondo occidentale, ma allargando lo sguardo a culture altre.

Nel ripercorrere la storiografia francese e italiana sul tema dei notabili, il saggio cerca di evidenziare il forte orientamento governativo che però si realizzò in realtà politiche e sociali difformi, e in tempi diversi, producendo esiti apparentemente difformi ma che in realtà nascondono profondissime affinità. Inoltre si rimarca come la questione del « notabilato » napoleonico sia stata ormai superata nell'interesse della storiografia da quella più ampia delle élites. Un tema quest'ultimo che la storia sociale, tanto in Francia che in Italia, tende ormai ad osservare su un arco cronologico più ampio di quello socialmente limitato dall'esperienza napoleonica nel tentativo di coglierne gli esiti più profondi e durevoli. ; Glancing through French and Italian historiography on notables issue, this article tries to highlights the strong governmental orientation that, however, took place in different political, social and times' reality, to produce seemingly deformed results but, in reality, they hide very deep affinities. In addition, we can notice that the matter of Napoleonian « notability » has been from now on overrun for the interest of historiography by the larger notion of elites. The social history, as well as in France as in Italy, tends to consider this last topic on a wider chronological axe than the limited social Napoleonian experience in an attempt to hold the deepest and the most lasting results. ; En parcourant l'historiographie française et italienne sur le sujet des notables, l'article cherche à mettre en évidence l'orientation gouvernementale forte qui se réalisa cependant dans des réalités politiques et sociales et dans des temps différents, en produisant des résultats apparemment difformes, mais qui en réalité cachent des affinités très profondes. En outre, on remarque que la question de la « notabilité » napoléonienne a été désormais dépassée dans l'intérêt de l'historiographie par celle plus large des élites. L'histoire sociale, aussi bien en France qu'en Italie, tend à considérer ce dernier thème sur un arc chronologique plus étendu que celui socialement limité de l'expérience napoléonienne, dans la tentative d'en saisir les résultats les plus profonds et les plus durables.

Después de más sesenta años, en un contexto de nueva concentración de la explotación de la tierra y de fuerte tendencia al monocultivo que, en función de los requerimientos del mercado internacional, parece tener pocos recaudos hacia la preservación tanto del equilibrio social como ecológico en el medio rural, la Federación Agraria Argentina, como representante de los pequeños y medianos productores, pone en debate una nueva ley de arrendamientos. Como a principios del siglo XX, su voz se hace oír para demandar leyes innovadoras y, como en los años cuarenta, el debate gira, una vez mas, en torno del rol social de la propiedad y de la función reguladora que le cabe al Estado. Es objetivo de este trabajo dar cuenta del particular recorrido que tuvo la sanción de una legislación sobre arrendamientos rurales en nuestro país durante el siglo XX: las demandas que la impulsaron, el impacto económico, social y político de su aplicación, las reformas de que fue objeto y el actual debate que la tiene una vez mas como centro, en un contexto donde el agro sigue teniendo un rol primordial en el desarrollo económico pero donde los actores sociales se han visto fuertemente modificados. ; After more than sixty years, in the context of a new land concentration and the great tendency to monocultivo that, in response to the internacional marker requiriments, seem to have little precaution with the preservation of the social and ecologic equilibrium in the rural space, the Argentine Agrarian Federation (FAA), representative of the small and median producers, open the debate in a new rentals rural law. In the beginnings of the twentieth century, the demand of innovative laws speaks out its voice and the discussion turns around the social role of property and the regulative function of the state. The object of this paper is to show the particular route of rentals rural legislation in our country during the twentieth century: the demands that impulsed them; the economic, social and political impact of its application; their changes ...

International audience ; The opening of the 17th century saw the advent of Cervantes's Quixote, a wandering lunatic resisting a world he refused to see as his contemporaries did, a character unreservedly engaged in a string of lost causes grounded upon both grandeur and ridicule. In the past two centuries, the Iberian madman has remained a remarkably prominent figurehead to those who resisted or are resisting still and has become, from the 20th century onwards, a standard bearer on the political and social scenes. Eulalio Ferrer, a republican Spaniard interned in the Argelès-sur-Mer camp in 1939, explained later in his writings how reading Cervantes unceasingly did help him survive. In Mexico, Subcomandante Marcos has made an increasing number of references to Quixote since 1994, which he deems the "greatest political book ever written". In 2001, Armand Gatti - nicknamed Donqui when taking to the maquis - set up an exhibition devoted to various figures of resistances which he entitled "Quixote's travels". And the Paris based association created in 2006 to fight against the exclusion of the homeless was called "Quixote's children". Quixote is more than a mere lunatic going from flamboyant flights of fancy to stinging failures, this character also embodies a unique attitude to the world thus turning him into a leading figure of resistance - or rather, of resistances. ; Au début du XVIIe siècle, surgit, sous la plume de Cervantes, un personnage de fou errant, entré en résistance face à un monde qu'il refuse de considérer comme ses contemporains, lancé à corps perdu dans une succession de causes vaines portées par autant de grandeur que de ridicule.Ceux qui, au cours des deux derniers siècles, ont résisté ou résistent encore, ont fait une place toute particulière à la figure de ce fou ibérique qui devient, à partir du XXe siècle, un porte-drapeau sur la scène sociale et politiqueUn Eulalio Ferrer, républicain espagnol interné dans le camp d'Argelès-sur-Mer en 1939, expliquera plus tard dans ses écrits avoir survécu ...

International audience ; This article studies the ambiguities in the use of the ethnonym "angle" in Anglo-Saxon England. The specificities of its use by Bede in his Ecclesiastical history of the English people, written in 731, have long been identified. The term could have two meanings at once: in its broader interpretation to designate all individuals and kingdoms that have a migration background and which were converted by the Gregorian mission, and in a narrower sense for certain kingdoms and their habitants, such as Northumbria, distinguished from the Saxon ones. Yet, a study of the use of this term in the Vita Sancti Wilfrithi by Stephen of Ripon, written just before 731, shows that the author exclusively uses "angle" in a wider and religious sense, but that this is not the case for the two previous sources that he quotes: Wilfrid's petition in 679 and a Roman synod that took place between 701 and 705. These two texts illustrate that Wilfrid sought to start a new tradition by appointing himself as "Bishop of Saxony", undoubtedly to defend the existence of an ecclesiastical province of York independent from the Archbishop of Canterbury. These variations in use of Angles or Saxons designations show us that each one had a great degree of freedom in the promotion of an ethnic identity. In England, an individual could define him/herself as Angle or as Saxon, thus advocating autonomy or unity, according to the different political and religious stances adopted. ; L'article étudie les ambiguïtés de l'usage de l'ethnonyme « angle » dans l'Angleterre anglo-saxonne. Les spécificités de son usage par Bède dans son Histoire ecclésiastique du peuple anglais, écrite en 731, ont déjà été relevées depuis longtemps. Le terme peut y avoir à la fois un sens large, pour désigner l'ensemble des individus et des royaumes issus de la migration et convertis par la mission grégorienne, et un sens restreint, pour quelques royaumes et leurs habitants, comme la Northumbrie, distingués de ceux des Saxons. Or l'étude de l'emploi de ce ...

International audience ; On 29thJuly 1971, John Davies announced in the House of Commons the bankruptcy of Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, the shipyard that was the pride of Scottish industry. The Conservative Government of Edward Heath had been elected a year earlier on a platform of non-intervention in the industrial sector and had promised the end of state subsidies to "lame duck" enterprises. The Government showed, at first, a resolute determination to stick to its free market policy, but on 28thFebruary 1972, Davies informed the House that the Government would give £35million to the company to save jobs and avoid closing down the yards. Thus, the rescue of UCS decisively ended the Government's policy of disengagement and marked the beginning of a remarkable turnaround. On the other hand, this episode also sheds light on a very unusual industrial conflict which has now taken on an almost symbolic dimension, for it remains a unique and historical struggle to save an industry and a nation. Backed by the powerful and charismatic leadership of Jimmy Reid, a Communist shop steward, the workers of UCS contrived a new form of industrial action to resist governmental control: they established a work-in instead of a traditional strike. Scottish unions assumed a more radical and leftist-orientated dimension. With renewed influence, the Communists helped contribute to the successful outcome of the conflict and the capitulation of the Government. The resurgence of Scottish unions and the recovery of Scottish nationalism were significant first steps in the new political process, since, on the heels of the fight for UCS, a new struggle against unemployment and recession ensued. Indeed, the Government's acquiescence does not merely represent a victory for the working class over the ruling class. It represents a victory for Scotland over England, and a humiliating defeat for Edward at the hands of the Scottish, and thus echoes one of Scotland's most glorious moments of history. ; Le 29juillet 1971, John Davies, ministre de ...

Literary and historical scholarship generally position scientific thinking and the genre of sentimentalism as polar opposites according to nearly every meaningful category of distinction. In contras, "Sentimental Science and the Literary Cultures of Proto-Eugenics" seeks to historicize their common ground in the nineteenth-century United States. I reveal how sentimentalism, or the recognition of individual emotion as both an embodied state and a construct of language, functioned as one of the last intellectual traditions to forge an increasingly fraught link among scientific practice, imaginative writing, and political work. Sentimentalism underwrote a widely held theory of evolution that argued a child's habitual emotions and behaviors make impressions on the body that not only persist throughout the individual's lifespan, but also are transmitted to descendants. I demonstrate how sentimental evolutionary thinking in the realms of literature, social welfare, and the biological sciences played a formative role in both shaping nineteenth-century ideas of racial difference and in making better breeding a national priority. To tell this literary and cultural history of proto-eugenics, I draw from a range of primary sources, including popular and canonical fiction by authors such as Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Lydia Maria Child, Harriet Wilson, Alice Wellington Rollins, and W.E.B. Du Bois; visual culture such as photographs of Red Cloud and scientific illustrations of dinosaurs; personal correspondence; articles and monographs in the fields of evolution, ethnology, paleontology, and the philosophy of science by figures including Charles Loring Brace, Edward Drinker Cope, and Joseph Le Conte; published records of the Children's Aid Society and archival materials from Planned Parenthood. The dissertation's emphasis on sentimentalism's constitutive role in developing the discourses of race and evolutionary thinking opens the door to a textured account that highlights the participation of figures typically marginal to the history of nineteenth-century science. I also point to some of the ways that "unfit" subjects played a complex role in developing, appropriating, and resisting better breeding projects. This interdisciplinary project contributes to recent revisions of the politics of sentimentalism and dramatically adjusts the accepted timeline of eugenics in the United States.

Virginie RINGA, Co-directeur de Thèse ; The objective was to specify the effect of preventive obstetrical practices, episiotomy and caesarean, on female urinary incontinence (UI). The first cohort comes from 2 maternity wards promoting opposite policies for episiotomy. A preliminary investigation had determined the number of necessary subjects. Criteria of inclusion were a 1st alive and term childbirth in cephalic presentation and an up to date postal address. Out of 774 women who met these conditions, we received 627 answers (81%). The other sample is from GAZEL cohort made up of employees voluntary for medical research. Out of 3114 women aged 50-62 who received the questionnaire, 2640 returned it (85%). Four years after childbirth, risk factors for stress UI are age, pre-existent UI, pregnancy UI, labour duration and mode of delivery. Comparison between the maternity wards that had a policy of systematic episiotomy and those that had a restrictive policy does not show any result in favour of a systematic use. For women around fifty, risk factors for severe stress UI are parity, obesity, diabetes, previous surgery of UI and a young age at first childbirth. Mode of delivery does not have any effect. The effect of mode of delivery on stress UI attenuates with age and is not measurable any more after 50, which is the average age for stress UI surgery. The risk related to the effect of pregnancy is still identifiable at this age. This attenuation with age of delivery consequences is in favour of a mechanism of deterioration of continence related to pregnancy and whatever the mode of childbirth. Our results suggest that prevention of stress UI by interventions at childbirth, episiotomy or caesarean, is ineffective. ; L'objectif était de préciser l'effet des pratiques obstétricales préventives, épisiotomie et césarienne, sur l'incontinence urinaire (IU). La première cohorte provient de 2 maternités aux politiques opposées pour l'épisiotomie. Une enquête préliminaire a déterminé le nombre de sujets nécessaire. Les ...

RESUMEN: El artículo destaca el carácter positivo (por oposición a negativo, «anti»), de las políticas y estrategias feministas. En esta perspectiva debe entenderse la actuación de las ONGs de mujeres: «Las ONGs feministas al constituirse, le han dado residencia física al feminismo y han abierto espacios de crecimiento —tanto de conocimientos y saberes y gestión, como una propuesta de activa política—». En la relación del feminismo con las ONGs feministas, y en el funcionamiento específico de éstas, se plantean diversas cuestiones: dificultades y desafíos de las profesionales de las ONGs feministas; el problema de un nuevo liderazgo, no contaminado por el deber ser de la cultura patriarcal; la necesidad de estrategias de oposición (participativas y locales) frente a las propias de la Cooperación al Desarrollo, en tanto éstas sustentan una visión ideológica «de primer mundo»; la autonomía e independencia de las ONGs feministas, el «tener nuestra propia voz», como portadoras de un modelo económico, de un concepto de democracia, de un concepto de cultura.ABSTRACT: This article emphasizes the positive character (by opposition to negative: «against», «anti») of feminist politics and strategies. In this perspective it must be understood the performance of women's ONGs: «The feminist ONGs, at constituting, have given physical residence to feminism and have opened spaces of growth —of knowledge, skills and management, as well as a proposal of active politics—». In the relation of feminism with feminist ONGs, and in the specific functioning of these, various questiones are stated: difficulties and challenges of the professionals of feminist ONGs; the problem of a new leadership, not contaminated by the «ought to be» of the patriarchal culture; the need of strategies of opposition (participative and local) different from the ones charasteristic of the Cooperation to Development, for they support an ideological vision «of first world»; the autonomy and independence of feminist ONGs, the «having our own voice», as supporters of an economic model, of a concept of democracy, of a concept of culture.

This paper examines how a government should intervene when agents make, for different reasons, choices that have long term detrimental effects on their survival prospects. We consider an economy where some agents make risky choices (here sin good consumption) out of myopia, and regret their choices later on, whereas other agents make, because of their impatience, the same risky choices, which they never regret. We argue that, in the first-best, a government should only interfere with behaviors that agents regret, but not with other behaviors. In the second-best, asymmetric information and redistributive concerns imply interference not only with myopic behaviors, but also with impatience-based behaviors. Finally, we introduce heterogeneity in individual productivity, and show that the optimal tax on the sin good depends on the size of the myopic group, on the reactivity of sin good consumption to tax changes, and on the extent to which sin good consumption is correlated with labor earnings. ; Cette étude examine comment un gouvernement devrait intervenir lorsque les agents font, pour des raisons variées, des choix qui ont des conséquences néfastes sur leurs perspectives de survie futures. Nous considérons une économie où certains agents font des choix risqués (ici consommation d'un bien peccamineux) par myopie et regrettent leur choix plus tard, tandis que d'autres agents font, à cause de leur impatience, les mêmes choix risqués, mais qu'ils ne regrettent jamais. Nous argumentons que, à l'optimum de premier rang, un gouvernement devrait interférer seulement avec les comportements que les agents regrettent mais pas avec les autres comportements. Au second rang, l'asymétrie d'information et des considérations distributives impliquent des interférences non seulement avec les comportements myopes mais aussi avec les comportements gouvernés par l'impatience. Nous démontrons enfin, en présence d'une hétérogénéité sur la productivité individuelle, que la taxe optimale sur le bien peccamineux dépend de la taille relative du groupe myope, de la réactivité de la consommation du bien peccamineux aux changements de taxe et de la mesure dans laquelle la consommation de bien peccamineux est corrélée avec les revenus du travail.