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The article reveals the history of development, evolution, and the main features of the education of young people in a period of globalization. The article discusses the idea of educating the younger generation, youth in the works of Eastern thinkers, educational scientists like Abdarauf Fitrat, Abdullah Avlani Jadid of Turkestan, including educational reform at the present stage of Uzbekistan. The author paid attention to the relevance of the study of political and legal doctrines, works of thinkers of the East, which has an important role in educating the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism and high legal culture. The study revealed that the family and the social environment of communication have a great influence on the formation of civil positions in young people. The role of mahallas, educational institutions, and the media is noted. The youth of Uzbekistan is characterized by a high degree of patriotism, which is expressed in love for the Motherland, selfless service and readiness to protect it.

The department of the Inspectorate of Education for non-university education is an unknown institution. There are hardly any studies that identify its needs, content and history. The present work tries to approach these three aspects, paying special attention to the historical perspective. A historical perspective held on law compared to other countries, on our constitutional history and on the evolution of the rule that regulates the department of the Inspectorate of Education. All this without forgetting the political positions expressed in the parliamentary debate. ; La Alta Inspección del Estado en materia de enseñanza no universitaria es una institución desconocida y sin apenas estudios que identifiquen su necesidad, contenido e historia. El presente trabajo trata de abordar estos tres aspectos, con especial atención a la perspectiva histórica. Una perspectiva histórica anclada en el derecho comparado, en nuestra historia constitucional y en la evolución de la norma que la regula, sin olvidar las posiciones políticas manifestadas en el debate parlamentario.

Post-neoliberalism. Tensions and complexities brings together a set of essays of great conceptual potential where the roots and the evolution of the Bolivian revolutionary process are found, which allowed the consolidation of the construction of the Plurinational State in Bolivia and lay the foundations for a new horizon of the time. This is a transcendental study prepared by Álvaro García Linera that analyzes, criticizes, dusts off and updates the experiences developed by the Government of former President Evo Morales and his main electoral force MAS-IPSP. ; Posneoliberalismo. Tensiones y complejidades reúne un conjunto de ensayos de gran potencial conceptual donde se encuentran las raíces y el devenir del proceso revolucionario boliviano el cual permitió consolidar la construcción del Estado Plurinacional en Bolivia y sentar las bases para un nuevo horizonte de época. Se trata de un estudio trascendental elaborado por Álvaro García Linera que analiza, critica, desempolva y actualiza las experiencias desarrolladas por el Gobierno del ex Presidente Evo Morales y su principal fuerza electoral MAS-IPSP.

In Romania, both the business environment stakeholders and the academics consider that the path on reaching the average level of development of the European Union and implicitly the adoption of the Euro currency, can be achieved only by improving the standard of living that is the citizens' income, which can be reached only by increasing labour productivity. One of the objectives of the European Union is to reduce the disparities between regions, as confirmed by the evolution of GDP/ capita in the less prosperous Eastern Europe countries in comparison with the more developed EU Members States from Western Europe. There are a number of factors impacting the labour productivity and wage incomes, and the onset of the COVID 19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of automation, digitalisation and remote work, which will significantly contribute to the disappearance of less skilled jobs and the consolidation of those who are highly qualified ones, the latter being less sensitive to the adoption of new technologies.

Urban mobility is a massive issue in the current century, being widely promoted the need of adopting sustainable solutions regarding transportation within large urban centres. The evolution of technologies has democratised smart cities to better plan and manage their mobility solutions, without compromising the social, economic, and environmental impacts. Pursuing the carbon neutrality and the climate agreement goals, soft mobility is one of the most popular emerging methods to provide greener alternatives regarding mobility. Among these transportation modes are the bicycle, which has been widely used in several public systems across the world, one of them being in Lisbon. This article provides a decision support system for bike-sharing docking stations for three council parishes of the city, namely, Parque das Nações, Marvila, and Beato. Taking advantage of clustering methods and GSM data from a telecommunication operator, this study pretends to highlight a novel approach to identify soft mobility hotspots, in specific bike-sharing docking stations, for suited mobility management systems in Lisbon's city centre.

The Sentence SU­146 of 2020, by which the court decided to order the Criminal Cassation Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice to initiate "the process to resolve the request to challenge the sentence in sole instance issued against citizen Andrés Felipe Arias Leiva" is a current political discussion. This is why it is taken as the object of analysis to make respective comments, in addition, to relate to this the principle of conformity and its evolution in the order. ; La Sentencia SU­146 de 2020 por la cual el tribunal decidió ordenar a la Sala de Casación Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia que iniciara "el trámite para resolver la solicitud de impugnación de la condena en única instancia proferida en contra del ciudadano Andrés Felipe Arias Leiva" es una actual discusión política. Es por esto que se toma como objeto de análisis para realizar comentarios respectivos, además, de relacionar a este el principio de conformidad y su evolución en el ordenamiento.

Abstract Brazil has experienced a notable weakening of its institutional framework related to the implementation of an agenda for sustainability since the Jair Bolsonaro Administration. Aiming to identify trends and ruptures, this paper explores four axes of current Brazilian environmental governance, taking four Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as an analysis tool: Gender (SDG 5), Energy (SDG 7), Solid Waste (SDG 12), and Life on Land (SDG 15). The study is structured as a critical essay, supported by the historical evolution of the indicators associated with the analyzed SDGs. It is concluded that there has been a weakening of environmental governance, within an understanding of the importance of a multi-stakeholder articulation and participatory governance. It is verified that there cracks have developed since 2019 at the federal level, with a discontinuity in a number of key policies, while at the territorial levels, there are historical trends that already showed injustices in the social and environmental scope, which have been aggravated in the face of the COVID-19 crisis.

PUBLISHED ; https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2020.1868014 ; Mounting overaccumulation of capital and material has compelled the Chinese government to seek solutions overseas. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), with its transregional infrastructure projects connecting Eurasia and Africa, is the hallmark venture in this effort. Chinese road, railway, port and energy projects, implemented under the BRI banner, have become widespread in Africa. This article traces drivers of the BRI in the post-reform evolution of the Chinese economy and conceptualises the BRI as a multi-vector "spatial fix" aimed at addressing chronic overaccumulation. Focusing on Kenya, Djibouti and Ethiopia, the paper documents how loan financing related to BRI projects reveals contradictions that arise from China's spatial fix in Africa. Concerns about a looming debt crisis on the continent and the questionable economic sustainability of some BRI projects have become more pressing amidst the COVID-19-induced economic contraction. Hopes for Africa's economic transformation based on increasing connectivity under the BRI are unlikely to materialise.

The emergence of a new virus in China known as Covid-19 has resulted in it's spreading around the world. This has caused the WHO to declare the coronavirus as an epidemic and the world is now in a global health emergency situation as the international new cases increase day by day. Several countries have adopted the lockdown policy even though this has had major implications on various aspects of human life and on politics, industry, education, tourism and of course negative effects on the economy of each of these countries. At the beginning of the epidemic all citizens were told to stay home and the government closed all public activities. China is known as one of the greatest world economy, but the economy there is also affected. Due to coronavirus outbreak, china's economic has dropped. This journal will describe the evolution of China's political economic in the near future facing Covid 19s in the perspective of ecomony-politic, Theory of interdependence and also the concept of cooperation.

International audience ; This paper examines the structural and spatial dynamics of patents in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The time series are extracted from international, comparative and historical databases on the long-term evolution of patents in 40 countries from the 17th century to 1945 and in more than 150 countries from 1945 to present (Diebolt and Pellier 2010). We have found strong evidence of infrequent large shocks resulting essentially from the major economic and political events formed by the two World Wars in the 20th century. Our results question the autonomous process, i.e. the internal dynamic of the patent systems. Wars seem to drive innovation and, finally, the very process of economic growth. We further investigated the role of innovation in economic growth through a causality analysis between patents and GDP per capita. Our major findings support the assumption that the accumulation of innovations was a driving force only for France, the United Kingdom and the United States during the post-World War II period.

The analysis of theoretical constructs is very important for experimental science because they guide research process. This problem is especially important for In­sight problem solving, one of the experimental paradigms for research in creativ­ity. It has a tradition of reflecting the research methods limitations, but the limi­tations introduced by the theorist are not discussed. We discuss the principles of reflecting upon theoretical constructs in this area of research, formulated in the context of post-nonclassical rationality. We then analyze evolution and di­alogue of different ways of conceptualizations of creativity in insight problem solving: creativity as illumination, creativity as insight, creativity as a moving towards a solution, creativity as overcoming limitations. The heuristic power of conceptualizations and their ability to functionally explain the phenomenon of insight solutions are discussed. In resume we postulate the principles of analy­sis of theoretical constructs and concepts in the field of insight research which allow to bear in mind the influence introduced by the theorist.

The evolution from a public space such as the one defined throughout the twentieth century –characterised by unidirectionality and political and media intermediation– towards a digital scenario –with multiple actors and multi-directional messages– has not resolved the problems that existed beforehand, and has also generated others. This public space crisis has been aggravated by the fragmentation of audiences, often absorbed into their own echo chamber, and by the dispersion and jumble of voices that are an impediment to any possibility of unravelling the terms of public debate. Faced with enormous challenges such as disinformation, the conventional media, who have traditionally held the responsibility of providing quality information, address these issues from a position of extreme vulnerability, due to the disintegration of the former economic model and social credibility. In a context of uncertainty, crisis, and fragmented public spheres, and there being no alternatives that can guarantee distinct dialogue, the initiation of a social debate that prioritises quality of information is essential.

Focusing on the case of the BBC iPlayer and placing it within broader national and international developments, this article assesses key challenges that public service broadcasting (PSB) faces in the era of online TV. The advent of subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) and associated market transformations have accentuated preexisting funding, political, and market pressures on PSB. Still, the relationship between PSB and SVoD is not purely antagonistic. The evolution of the BBC iPlayer in this wider context shows that online TV does not (as yet) represent a radical new interpretation of PSB because VoD services are closely linked to linear offerings, and there is evidence of the fluidity between online and broadcast spheres, and the continued relevance of television. Against an increasingly commercial, fragmented, closed, and data-driven environment, the article makes the case for supporting PSB VoD services and explores how online TV might help revive PSB through personalization and public service algorithms. Media policy can play an enabling role by addressing data practices, algorithms, and prominence.

If robots are not common everyday objects, it is maybe because we have looked robotic applications without considering sufficient attention what could be the experience of interacting with a robot. This article introduces the idea of a value profile, a notion intended to capture the general evolution of our experience with different kinds of objects. In the past two decades, robotics has evolved immensely with increased prospects in biological, healthcare, medicine and surgery industry. Robots are being used in almost everything and almost everywhere. However, they are not to replace qualified human workforce, instead, assist them in routine work and precision tasks to achieve high throughput. Advancements in micro- and nano-robotic devices is very much dependent on innovations in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) with collaborations among diverse domains of research viz., life science, medicine/surgery and engineering. This paper highlights the advancement of Robotics in Neuroscience, Medical Science and IOT in the context of Robotics

With efficient and useful access, the notion of e-learning presents the newest teaching methods. Starting from the past of the notion of teaching and looking towards the future of e-learning, we will observe attributes that are available from the teacher and the student. Today's new technologies are the result of the evolution of learning methods, pedagogy, and people who are involved and eager to develop. The field of education is a sensitive point and within organizations, the need for learning, and continuous improvement, shows the fact that IT resources are used permanently. The use of the computer system in terms of the e-learning part offers sustainability, accessibility from any place, mobility, transparency, and professional learning. The pandemic period has put both the education system and public institutions in Romania in difficulty, many people have switched from the face-to-face working mode to the online environment with different connection platforms, something that has put this technology in the first place.