Suchergebnisse

Der folgende Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene mikro-soziologische Erklärungsansätze zur innerfamilialen Arbeitsteilung (Ressourcentheoretischer Ansatz, Zeitbudget-Ansatz, Familienzyklischer Ansatz und Geschlechtsrollen-Ideologie). Die von den vier Erklärungsansätzen postulierten Beziehungen werden mit den bisherigen empirischen Resultaten konfrontiert. Eine Sekundäranalyse von zwei Schweizer Befragungen ergänzt die empirische Diskussion. (TL2)

AIDS-Prävention ist heute in erster Linie eine nicht-medizinische Aufgabe. Wirksame Vorbeugung ist vielmehr durch Verhaltensänderungen zu erzielen. Diese müssen von breiten Bevölkerungsschichten gelernt werden. Und um diesen Lernprozess voranzutreiben, muss sozialwissenschaftliches Wissen genutzt wer­den. Erleichtert wird dieses Lernen dadurch, dass niemand sein Verhalten schwerwiegend ändern muss. Das führte Rolf Rosenbrock an der AIDS-Tagung
der SGSG im März aus. Weiter wies er auf die Schädlichkeit einer undifferenzier­ten Anwendung des 111V-Antikörpertests an symptomlosen Personen hin.

'Gestützt auf eine empirische Untersuchung demographischer Daten und Überlegungen zur Bevölkerungsstruktur in Deutschland werden folgende Aspekte diskutiert: inwieweit beeinflussen staatliche Maßnahmen das Bevölkerungswachstum; wie wirkt die Gesetzgebung in unterschiedlichen sozialen Systemen auf das Bevölkerungswachstum; welche Rolle spielt die Illegitimität?' Unter dem Titel ''Grenzen der Reproduktion' werden eherechtliche, ökologische und bodenrechtliche Regulationen' behandelt. Im 2. Teil geht es um 'Bewältigungskonzepte für rasches Bevölkerungswachstum, nämlich Ehebeschränkungen und Präventivverkehr'. (prn)

We propose here very general definitions of space and time. They are not substances of nature to discover, but relations to express, opposing the stable to the unstable. All disciplines are entitled to do so, from anthropology to physics. We show the similarity of approaches: - when the anthropologist defines social groups having some permanence, by considering human behaviours seen as similar, as opposed to other behaviours whose variability has no meaning to him; and - when the physicist defines space, relying on systems of material points whose relative motions are negligible (solids), as opposed to mobile points that serve him to define time (for example, the sun in its apparent movement around the earth, or the light photon in the atomic clock). The study of the division within the world between the stable and the unstable, the stationary and the volatile, reveals fundamental invariants. (1) Invariants of the a priori conditions of the group or solid construction. We call them: - cutting operation (decision of a boundary between the stable and the unstable), - existence of a void (pointing out the vacuum, the empty stage, or the free field, where movements or behaviours show), - declaration of an archetype (giving an absolute character to a universal principle –call it a hyperbole- inevitable to begin to think: e.g. human rights - of general application - or the speed of light - universal constant-); - relation of equivalence (between points, or humans, linked together in a stable manner within a solid or a group.). (2) Invariants in the properties of our discourse on the world: incompleteness, presence of uncertainty, of recursiveness, of contradictions, that must be connected to the choices made for the invariants of the first kind. This approach allows one to discuss in a new perspective the disharmony between the categories of time imposed by grammar (division past / present / future) and our daily experience; as a consequence, the distinction between the fields covered by politics or by history is not ...

Aim of investigation. The study refers to festive practices among soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army in the front-line during the First World War.Taking into the fact that now Ukraine is in state of military conflict with the Russian Federation, its interest in domestic military history has increased significantly. At the beginning of the XX century Ukrainian lands became a theater of hostilities of one of the greatest conflicts, and Ukrainians participated in it as part of the armies of the participating units of the war. In general, World War I (1914–1918) became one of the most powerful factors in the Ukrainian War of Independence (1917–1921). Despite such an importance of the period of the Great War, it is a relatively poorly-studied page in the history of Ukraine. The relevance of this study is also explained by the acuteness of the problem of warrior everyday life in its chronological development. Actual events have shown that the qualitative state of the armed forces is influenced not only by their combat readiness, but also by the lives of soldiers during the war. Research methodologies. The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis. Also, the method of visual anthropology is used among special methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historical science one of the aspects of the front of everyday life (in this case, a holiday) in a militarist-anthropological dimension on a concrete example is con-sidered. The article attempts to reconstruct the holiday at the front and summarizes the main features of this event with the help of sources created directly by the participants of the events. Conclusions. It was emphasized the importance of studying the warrior's everyday life, in particular the years of Great War, which in turn at the micro level may be correlated to the phenomenon such as a feast with its corresponding transformations to the surrounding conditions. It is noted that in the militarist-anthropological investigations it is important to involve different sources, both documentary grass roots, and photographs of that time. Such complexity makes research more perfect. It also points to the interdisciplinarity of militaristic anthropology: research in its domain can often be related to micro-history, local history, military psychology, etc. ; Le but de l'étude. L'étude porte sur les pratiques de la fête chez les soldats de l'armée impériale russe dans des conditions de front au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale. Méthodes de recherche. L'article utilise les méthodes d'analyse et de synthèse. Aussi parmi les méthodes spéciales utilisées méthode de l'anthropologie visuelle. Nouveauté scientifique. Pour la première fois dans la science historique ukrainienne, l'un des aspects de la vie quotidienne de première ligne (dans ce cas, un jour férié) dans la dimension militaro-anthropologique est considéré comme un exemple concret. À l'aide de sources provenant directement des participants aux événements, on a tenté de reconstituer les vacances au front et les principales caractéristiques de cet événement ont été formées. Conclusions. L'importance d'étudier le quotidien des soldats, en particulier l'époque de la Grande Guerre, a été soulignée au niveau micro, ce qui peut être un phénomène comme un jour férié, avec ses transformations respectives selon les conditions environnantes. ; Цель исследования. В исследовании идет речь о практиках праздника среди солдат российской императорской армии в фронтовых условиях во время Первой мировой войны. Методы исследования. В статье использованы методы анализа и синтеза. Также среди специальных методов используется метод визуальной антропологии. Научная новизна. Впервые в украинской исторической науке рассмотрено один из аспектов фронтовой повседневности (в данном случае – праздник) в милитарно-антропологическом измерении на конкретном примере. При помощи источников, которые происходят непосредственно от участников событий, сделана попытка реконструкции праздника на фронте и сформированы основные черты данного события. Выводы. Подчеркнуто важность исследования солдатской повседневной жизни, в частности времен Великой войны, на микроуровне, которым, в свою очередь, может выступать такое явление, как праздник, с его соответственными трансформациями согласно окружающих условий. ; Мета дослідження. У дослідженні йдеться про практиках свята серед солдатів російської імператорської армії в фронтових умовах під час Першої світової війни. Методи дослідження. У статті використані методи аналізу і синтезу. Також серед спеціальних методів використовується метод візуальної антропології. Наукова новизна. Вперше в українській історичній науці розглянуто один з аспектів фронтовий повсякденності (в даному випадку - свято) в мілітарно-антропологічному вимірі на конкретному прикладі. За допомогою джерел, які відбуваються безпосередньо від учасників подій, зроблена спроба реконструкції свята на фронті і сформовані основні риси даної події. Висновки. Підкреслено важливість дослідження солдатської повсякденному житті, зокрема часів Великої війни, на мікрорівні, яким, в свою чергу, може виступати таке явище, як свято, з його відповідними трансформаціями згідно навколишніх умов.

Мета дослідження. У дослідженні йдеться про практиках свята серед солдатів російської імператорської армії в фронтових умовах під час Першої світової війни. Методи дослідження. У статті використані методи аналізу і синтезу. Також серед спеціальних методів використовується метод візуальної антропології. Наукова новизна. Вперше в українській історичній науці розглянуто один з аспектів фронтовий повсякденності (в даному випадку - свято) в мілітарно-антропологічному вимірі на конкретному прикладі. За допомогою джерел, які відбуваються безпосередньо від учасників подій, зроблена спроба реконструкції свята на фронті і сформовані основні риси даної події. Висновки. Підкреслено важливість дослідження солдатської повсякденному житті, зокрема часів Великої війни, на мікрорівні, яким, в свою чергу, може виступати таке явище, як свято, з його відповідними трансформаціями згідно навколишніх умов. ; Aim of investigation. The study refers to festive practices among soldiers of the Russian Imperial Army in the front-line during the First World War.Taking into the fact that now Ukraine is in state of military conflict with the Russian Federation, its interest in domestic military history has increased significantly. At the beginning of the XX century Ukrainian lands became a theater of hostilities of one of the greatest conflicts, and Ukrainians participated in it as part of the armies of the participating units of the war. In general, World War I (1914–1918) became one of the most powerful factors in the Ukrainian War of Independence (1917–1921). Despite such an importance of the period of the Great War, it is a relatively poorly-studied page in the history of Ukraine. The relevance of this study is also explained by the acuteness of the problem of warrior everyday life in its chronological development. Actual events have shown that the qualitative state of the armed forces is influenced not only by their combat readiness, but also by the lives of soldiers during the war. Research methodologies. The article uses methods of analysis and synthesis. Also, the method of visual anthropology is used among special methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historical science one of the aspects of the front of everyday life (in this case, a holiday) in a militarist-anthropological dimension on a concrete example is con-sidered. The article attempts to reconstruct the holiday at the front and summarizes the main features of this event with the help of sources created directly by the participants of the events. Conclusions. It was emphasized the importance of studying the warrior's everyday life, in particular the years of Great War, which in turn at the micro level may be correlated to the phenomenon such as a feast with its corresponding transformations to the surrounding conditions. It is noted that in the militarist-anthropological investigations it is important to involve different sources, both documentary grass roots, and photographs of that time. Such complexity makes research more perfect. It also points to the interdisciplinarity of militaristic anthropology: research in its domain can often be related to micro-history, local history, military psychology, etc. ; Le but de l'étude. L'étude porte sur les pratiques de la fête chez les soldats de l'armée impériale russe dans des conditions de front au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale. Méthodes de recherche. L'article utilise les méthodes d'analyse et de synthèse. Aussi parmi les méthodes spéciales utilisées méthode de l'anthropologie visuelle. Nouveauté scientifique. Pour la première fois dans la science historique ukrainienne, l'un des aspects de la vie quotidienne de première ligne (dans ce cas, un jour férié) dans la dimension militaro-anthropologique est considéré comme un exemple concret. À l'aide de sources provenant directement des participants aux événements, on a tenté de reconstituer les vacances au front et les principales caractéristiques de cet événement ont été formées. Conclusions. L'importance d'étudier le quotidien des soldats, en particulier l'époque de la Grande Guerre, a été soulignée au niveau micro, ce qui peut être un phénomène comme un jour férié, avec ses transformations respectives selon les conditions environnantes. ; Цель исследования. В исследовании идет речь о практиках праздника среди солдат российской императорской армии в фронтовых условиях во время Первой мировой войны. Методы исследования. В статье использованы методы анализа и синтеза. Также среди специальных методов используется метод визуальной антропологии. Научная новизна. Впервые в украинской исторической науке рассмотрено один из аспектов фронтовой повседневности (в данном случае – праздник) в милитарно-антропологическом измерении на конкретном примере. При помощи источников, которые происходят непосредственно от участников событий, сделана попытка реконструкции праздника на фронте и сформированы основные черты данного события. Выводы. Подчеркнуто важность исследования солдатской повседневной жизни, в частности времен Великой войны, на микроуровне, которым, в свою очередь, может выступать такое явление, как праздник, с его соответственными трансформациями согласно окружающих условий.

International audience ; Philippine university theater groups occupy a significant role in the theatrical life of this island country thanks to the quality and variety of their productions. The drama groups at the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University distinguish themselves in particular by maintaining close ties with these important sites of theatrical creation, PETA and CCP. They contribute both to the creation of a Philippine dramatic esthetic and to political and social reflection. In this private university, which educates the country's elite, theater has held an important position for many years. The university is in fact less influenced by an evangelical tradition because of its commitment to different aspects of theater education. Their dramatic practices provide access to better understand, in particular, the evolution of their pedagogical approaches and the status of the Philippine languages and dialects. Their approach to theater demonstrates how research in literature, anthropology, sociology and ethnography stimulates dramatic creation. It also allows the nation to explore its long history in order to better understand its identity even at a time of rampant globalization. ; Le théâtre universitaire participe notablement à la vie théâtrale des Philippines par la qualité et la variété de ses productions. Les groupes de l'Université jésuite d'Ateneo (Manille) se distinguent tout particulièrement, entretenant des liens étroits avec ces grands lieux de création théâtrale et contribuant à la recherche d'une esthétique scénique philippine et à une réflexion politique et sociale. Dans cette université privée qui forme les élites du pays, le théâtre tient depuis longtemps une place importante : il est toutefois moins héritier de la tradition évangélique qu'il ne s'inscrit dans différents aspects du théâtre-éducation. La pratique théâtrale révèle notamment l'évolution des conceptions éducatives et de la perception du statut des langues et dialectes pratiqués aux Philippines. Il montre comment les travaux de recherche en littérature, anthropologie, sociologie, ethnographie viennent vivifier et stimuler la création théâtrale : ce théâtre permet ainsi à un pays d'explorer sa longue histoire pour prendre pleinement conscience de son identité alors que la mondialisation s'étend.

The research work, highlights the Botanical Expedition as a fact can be read from historical pedagogical anthropology and cultural and historical action unveil contributions to training. This proposal is born from the need to link the natural sciences and social sciences through a historical fact, first using the elaboration of an interpretive matrix, then contextualizing the Botanical Expedition and finally unveiling the formative elements from the social and natural dynamics found in the Botanical Expedition. Taking into account all the edges that the concept of formation has and the need to train more critical subjects, a qualitative analysis is implemented from a Historical hermeneutic approach, to interpret and highlight the importance of a specific phenomenon such as the Botanical Expedition in Colombia for to be able to understand it from the didactic line of the sciences not only as a historical or natural matter but also anthropological. In this sense, the statements and sequences of statements are analyzed and allow an approach to some of the themes that revolve around the man as: territory, power, politics, resources and the economy Each one of these themes can be related to the natural sciences and social sciences from the formative aspect, integrating the historical pedagogical contributions that direct the recognition of the botanical sages as elements that make possible the formation of the culture and the subjectivity of social realities, as well as the limitations of this research and its possible incidences for the elaboration of new proposals. ; El trabajo de investigación, destaca la Expedición Botánica como un hecho puede ser leído desde la antropología histórica pedagógica y desde la acción cultural e histórica develar aportes a la formación. Esta propuesta nace por la necesidad de vincular las ciencias naturales y las ciencias sociales a través de un hecho histórico, primero utilizando la elaboración de una matriz interpretativa, luego contextualizando la Expedición Botánica y por ultimo develar los elementos formativos desde la dinámica social y natural encontrada en la Expedición Botánica. Teniendo en cuenta todas las aristas que tiene el concepto de formación y la necesidad de formar sujetos más críticos, se implementó un análisis cualitativo desde un enfoque Histórico hermenéutico, para interpretar y resaltar la importancia de un fenómeno especifico como es la Expedición Botánica en Colombia para lograr entenderla desde la línea didáctica de las ciencias no solo como un asunto histórico o natural sino también antropológico. En este sentido, los enunciados y las secuencias de enunciados son objeto de análisis y permiten un acercamiento a algunos de los temas que giran alrededor del hombre como lo son: el territorio, el poder, la política, los recursos y la economía. Cada uno de estos temas pueden ser relacionados desde las ciencias naturales y las ciencias sociales desde el aspecto formativo, integrando los aportes histórico pedagógicos que dirigen el reconocimiento de los saberes botánicos como elementos que posibilitan la formación de la cultura y la subjetividad desde las realidades sociales, así mismo, se señalan las limitaciones de esta investigación y sus posibles incidencias para la elaboración de nuevas propuestas.

[eng] With his seminal proposal of a rent-gap theory, Neil Smith developed a consistent materialist explanation for gentrification that efficiently contended with individual consumer preference tenets by focusing on the cycles of capital's disinvestment and reinvestment in the built environment thanks to the necessary mediation of forms of collective social action. However, since the rent-gap theory had been devised to argue against «consumer preference», with the emphasis on the back-to-the-city movement by capital and not people, all understandings of people vanished, including those that hold them to be the bearers of particular class relations and interests. Despite later attempts to mellow such a structuralist approach by teasing out the working-class experience of resistance and displacement, it is hard to find in the original and subsequent work on rent gaps any explicit reference to the actual class relations that take place in the production of space of which gentrification is only one out of many expressions. These class relations are encouraged by the geographical expansion of capital and by the bureaucratic mediations of the State but in the last instance all of these are dependent on the labour of the working class. Such an understanding bears the possibility for thinking and implementing the limits to gentrification. Not only does gentrification have to face the contradictions of capital in its geographical expansion, and the conflictive State mediations encountered at every moment of the rent gap, but it may also encounter the opposition of a working class objectively made within the gentrification process. After theorizing on the role ethnography can play in social anthropology and by extension in all social sciences, and by drawing lessons from the extensive oeuvre of Henri Lefebvre and to some ulterior developments on the production of space, I offer an ethnographic account for Es Barri, an area subject to comprehensive gentrification in the Historic Centre of Ciutat de Mallorca (also known as Palma, Spain). Although only partially successful, I argue the gentrification encountered in the field is comprehensive in so far it has been sought from several different instances and by various means, among which the involvement of so-called civil society organizations specialized in implementing on the ground the ideas of scale (the neighbourhood) and preservation (heritage) the class relation the rent-gap hypothesis holds. Furthermore, with the aim of complementing Neil Smith's contribution regarding the collective mediator the State is, and acknowledging that gentrification is only yet another a spatial expression of a much more comprehensive social relation, I argue each of the rent-gap moments of disinvestment and reinvestment are laboured by different groups (the so-called underclass and the middle classes) that, despite the fact they carry out a struggle that subjectively brings them together, they are apparently unaware of forming a single working class that produces surplus for others thanks to what I come to call their «urban labour». Likewise, I contend that for rent gaps to be successful and find a profitable closure there is a need to maintain as wide open as possible the class gap on which urban labour is founded upon. Against the description of the spatialisation of classes that are already formed, there is a need to explain politically how spatialisation intervenes in the urban struggle that makes them. ; [cat] Amb la teoria del diferencial de renda, Neil Smith desenvolupà una sòlida explicació materialista que serví per a entendre els processos de «gentrificació». Per a fer front als postulats de la preferència del consumidor individual, hi fità la ullada en els cicles de desinversió i reinversió del capital en l'entorn construït que estaven subjectes a la necessària mediació de formes d'acció social col·lectiva. En aquesta tesi doctoral hi contribuesc a la hipòtesi del diferencial de renda tot afirmant que cadascun dels cicles es basteixen a partir del «treball urbà» de diferents grups socials («classes marginals« i «classes mitjanes») que fan part d'una mateixa classe obrera del que uns tercers n'extreuen plusvàlues. A fi de confirmar aquest extrem, analitz el paper de l'etnografia en l'antropologia social i per extensió en el conjunt de les ciències socials, extrec lliçons de l'obra de Henri Lefebvre i de desenvolupaments ulteriors entorn de la producció de l'espai, i oferesc un relat etnogràfic de com es construí Es Barri, una àrea sotmesa a una gentrificació integral en el Centre Històric de la Ciutat de Mallorca (a les Illes Balears, Espanya). La hipòtesi del «treball urbà» permet pensar en els límits a la gentrificació com a una expressió més de la producció de l'espai, i ho fa des de posicionaments que fan prevaldre el treball per sobre del capital i de l'Estat gràcies al fet de considerar la formació objectiva d'una mateixa classe obrera a partir de la cooperació de grups ben diferenciats en una mateixa cadena de producció de valor. Ara bé, és precisament per mor d'aquesta diversitat que a nivell subjectiu no trobam una consciència col·lectiva explícita. Sostenc que per a que el diferencial de renda no es pugui tancar profitosament, cal acostar tant com sigui possible el diferencial de classe sobre el que es fonamenta el treball urbà. Contra la descripció de l'espacialització de les classes que ja estan formades, cal explicar políticament com l'espacialització hi intervé en la lluita urbana que les fa.

International audience ; In standard Albanian studies and Western scholarship, including either any interested religious and political activism or less 'interested' lay people, endeavours of historical and textual fact-finding have been relevant for only to re-confirm and indeed perpetuate the very meaning of a myth, according to which the thinking of Naim Frasheri was formed and dominated by Bektashism and that his 'Albanianism' had a Bektashi foundation. In this paper I intend to scrutinize and disprove this, arguing that while Frasheri did indeed have a religious cast of thought, his religious thinking went far beyond Bektashism in its heterodoxy, being a kind of liberation theology and pantheism which generated an all-inclusive attitude to Albanian identity, not one limited in any special way to Bektashism. Methodologically, such a picture must arise if we submit the available empirical evidence to critical analysis from the perspective of social theoretical approaches to religion developed in sociology and anthropology. ; Dans la tradition courante des études albanaises et occidentales, y compris l'activisme religieux et politique intéressé ou celui moins "intéressé" des gens ordinaires, les efforts de recherche de renseignements historiques et textuels sont importants uniquement pour reconfirmer et perpétuer la signification même d'un mythe, selon lequel la pensée de Naim Frasheri a été formée et dominée par le Bektashisme et que son 'Albanisme' avait un fondement bektashi. Dans cet article je propose de questionner et réfuter cela, en argumentant le fait que tandis que la pensée de Frasheri avait en effet un fond religieux, sa pensée religieuse s'est fortement éloignée du Bektashisme dans son hétérodoxie, se présentant comme une sorte de théologie de libération et de panthéisme qui a produit une attitude active et inclusive à l'identité albanaise, sans être nécessairement ni spécialement limitée au Bektashisme. Méthodologiquement, cette nouvelle façon de voir les choses pourra se révéler si nous soumettons les textes de Frasheri et l'évidence empirique disponible à une analyse critique dans la perspective des approches socio-théoriques de la religion telles qu'elles sont développées en sociologie et anthropologie.