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At a whaling conference in London, in June 1959, representatives of the United Kingdom, Japan, the Netherlands, and Norway again failed to reach agreement on a national quota arrangement for whaling in the Antarctic, a problem which they had been discussing intermittently since November 1958. At the end of the futile talks, Norway resigned from the International Whaling Convention. The Netherlands subsequently followed suit, leaving only die United Kingdom, Japan, and the Soviet Union as members. In consequence, no over-all international quota was fixed for die 1959–1960 season, scheduled to open on December 28. However, the International Whaling Commission reportedly agreed at its eleventh annual meeting diet the maximum permissible catch of whales for the Antarctic season 1959–1960 should not be changed, the figure remaining at 15,000 blue whale units. The blue whale stocks in the North Atlantic were considered to be too low for exploitation at present, so this species was scheduled for complete protection.

The International Monetary Fund entered into a stand-by agreement with the government of Honduras authorizing drawings equivalent to $7.5 million for a one-year period. The arrangement was to serve as an assured secondary line of reserves to strengthen the country's international reserve position. The Fund entered into a stand-by arrangement authorizing the government of India to draw up to $100 million over the following year; this arrangement was made in support of India's reserve position, which had been under considerable strain in previous months.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of boxes -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction: an overview of the world economy -- Introduction -- The scope of international economics -- The output of the world economy -- Imports and exports of goods in the world economy -- International trade in services -- Capital flows in the world economy -- Trends in international production and trade -- Globalization -- Summary -- Key concepts and terms -- Problems and questions for review -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Why countries trade -- Introduction -- International trade versus interregional trade -- Trade in an individual product -- Trade based on absolute advantage -- Absolute advantage -- The gains from specialization and trade with absolute advantage -- Trade based on comparative advantage -- Comparative advantage -- The gains from specialization and trade with comparative advantage -- Trade based on opportunity costs -- Opportunity costs -- The gains from specialization and trade with opportunity costs -- Dynamic gains from trade -- Summary -- Key concepts and terms -- Problems and questions for review -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Comparative advantage and the production possibilities frontier -- Introduction -- The production possibilities frontier and constant costs -- The production possibilities frontier -- Production and consumption without specialization and trade -- Production and consumption with specialization and trade -- The terms of trade -- Changes in the gains from specialization and trade -- Demand conditions and the terms of trade -- Distribution of the gains from trade -- Trade under increasing opportunity costs -- Increasing costs and the production possibilities frontier -- Production and consumption without specialization and trade.

Publié sous le titre "L'invention des relations internationales" ; National audience ; Issue de la science politique, la récente discipline Relations internationale s'est constituée dès la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale dans un but noble : favoriser la paix, avant de privilégier des objectifs de connaissance. Elle intégre progressivement des théories et des éléments d'analyse issus d'autres sciences sociales, qui pevent introduire un danger de dissolution. Mais ce dynamisme est le signe d'une grande vitalité de la part d'une discipline cruciale afin de comprendre le monde.

Sozialstaaten sind auf die Angleichung der Lebensverhältnisse und den Schutz der Bürger ("soziale Sicherung") ausgerichtet. Die Autorin gibt einen kompakten Überblick über die Sozialpolitikanalyse. Studierende werden mit den wesentlichen Theorien bzw. Konzepten und institutionellen Variationen des Sozialstaats vertraut gemacht. Der deutsche Sozialstaat steht dabei im Mittelpunkt und wird in den internationalen Kontext eingeordnet.

The annual report of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to the Economic and Social Council for the year 1953 stated that considerable progress had been made by the various countries during the year in developing or modernizing existing telecommunication networks, within the limits of technical and scientific progress and of credit available for investment in communications. The grid of telegraph and telephone circuits criss-crossing frontiers had been considerably tightened up and reinforced during 1953, important research work had been carried on, certain practical steps had been taken with a view to providing the public with semi-automatic international telephone service and a direct international telegraph subscribers' service, and the national broadcasting networks and television transmittal services had been expanded and improved. While the credit for these achievements, the report stated, was above all due to the specialists, no extension of telecommunication networks would have been possible without the intervention of the organs of ITU in the coordination of projects and in organizing cooperation between the various countries. The report contained information on ITU membership and on the organization and operation of the permanent organs of ITU, as well as a detailed summary of ITU activities during the year 1953, its relations with the United Nations and other international organizations, and its budgets for 1953 and 1954, for which the overall figures were respectively 6,225,100 and 6,367,500 Swiss francs, exclusive of United Nations technical assistance funds.

Multilaterale internationale Abkommen haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark zugenommen. Doch wie genau laufen Verhandlungsprozesse zu solchen Konventionen ab? Was sind entscheidende Erfolgsfaktoren? Wie kann ein einzelner Verhandlungsteilnehmer am besten Einfluss nehmen? Das vorliegende Werk untersucht systematisch, wie multilaterale Verhandlungen am besten gesteuert werden können. Anhand von zwei komplexen internationalen Verhandlungen im Kontext der Vereinten Nationen werden entscheidende Erfolgsfaktoren untersucht und bewertet. Ein Leitfaden am Ende des Buches gibt Hinweise darauf, wie die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit von komplexen internationalen Verhandlungen gesteigert werden kann. Das Buch richtet sich insbesondere an Ministerialbeamte, Diplomaten und Vertreter von NGOs und internationalen Organisationen, die an Verhandlungen zu internationalen Vertragswerken beteiligt sind. Der Autor ist Jurist und Politikwissenschaftler und arbeitet als Unternehmensberater zu den Themen Kommunikation und Verhandlungen

To what extent does the Erie doctrine apply in an international context? In his article When Erie Goes International, Professor Childress argues that a federal court choosing between state law and the law of a foreign nation should often (or perhaps always) ignore Klaxon Co. v. Stentor Electric Manufacturing Co. and use federal choice of law rules rather than the rules of the state where the federal court is located. In this Essay, I have three points to make in response. The first is that Childress's article, even if successful, leaves the bulk of the Erie doctrine unchanged in an international context. His arguments are directed solely to Klaxon and choice of law. The second point is that most of his arguments fail to give us a reason to question Klaxon's applicability in an international context. The only argument that has any success is based on the idea that the choice between state and foreign law implicates federal interests in foreign relations. The third point is that even this argument has only very limited success. Federal interests in foreign relations will rarely override Klaxon's command.

While resistance to international courts is not new, what is new, or at least newly conceptualized, is the politics of backlash against these institutions. Saving the International Justice Regime: Beyond Backlash against International Courts is at the forefront of this new conceptualization of backlash politics. It brings together theories, concepts and methods from the fields of international law, international relations, human rights and political science and case studies from around the globe to pose - and answer - three questions related to backlash against international courts: What is backlash and what forms does it take? Why do states and elites engage in backlash against international human rights and criminal courts? What can stakeholders and supporters of international justice do to meet these contemporary challenges?

The International Wheat Council held its twenty-ninth session in London, April 5–12, 1960, under the chairmanship of Sir Edwin McCarthy (Australia), for the purpose of reviewing the world wheat situation in accordance with Article 21 of the 1959 International Wheat Agreement. Representatives of 30 countries or territories attended the meeting, along with observers from the UN, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, and the European Economic Community. According to the press, the results of the first annual review of the world wheat situation, published on May 25, 1960, confirmed that the national wheat policies of the majority of exporting and importing countries were in open conflict with international realities, inasmuch as the world wheat market had been overshadowed for the past five years by burdensome surpluses and, despite government-assisted programs which had raised the volume of world wheat and flour exports to over 30 million metric tons a season, there was no prospect that the imbalance between supplies and demand would disappear during the next five years.