Suchergebnisse

Marino & Merskin review evidence that sheep are not just passive and reactive creatures. They have personalities that vary from individual to individual and endure over time. It follows that we must rethink what it means to study them scientifically.

Marino & Merskin's review sheds light on the complexity of the mind, learning, and cognition of sheep. Readily observable behavior has value in its own right for promoting the well-being of animals. A behavior-analytic approach can add substantially to the understanding of sheep as individuals as well as their learning capacities. The findings can also be applied to arranging their environments to promote their well-being as well as behavioral change in those responsible for their care and management.

In the aftermath of the financial crisis, the individual liability of senior managers has been rediscovered as an important element in effectively countering economic and financial crime. Mainstream enforcement practices against white-collar crime in recent years, focusing mostly on the legal entity or the low- and mid-level employees, have been largely unsuccessful. The punishment of large corporations for economic offences has indeed been confronted with the "too big to jail" dilemma, and with concerns for the negative spillovers that their collapse may entail for employees, shareholders and consumers. The individual "rogue employee", on the other hand, may be fungible and easily sacrificed as a scapegoat. The recent debate has therefore brought back to centre-stage the individual liability of senior managers, which is essential to close any "responsibility gap". But are the ordinary rules of criminal law fit and adequate to hold senior managers accountable? This volume, presenting the findings of a study led by the University of Luxembourg and co-financed by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF), aims to contribute to this debate with a special focus on the liability of senior managers for the commission of offences against the financial interests of the EU. It compares the criminal liability regimes for senior managers in five Member States (Finland, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Poland) and delivers a set of policy recommendations for establishing the liability of senior managers in compliance with the general principles of criminal law and respect for fundamental rights.

This work deconstructs governance over four ecocity projects: two in Rennes (France), one in Copenhagen and another one in Helsingør (Denmark), which have been completed over one or several decades. The monitoring of these projects is carried out at the metropolitan level, but with a significant nation-state and European Union influence. These projects peculiarly highlight the views of public and private institutions or NGOs on large urban territories nowadays. The analysis covers different scales from a local or national to a supranational perspective. They also point out how well institutions are managed, and question how consistent public action and local democracy is in today's globalized world. My research is based on two hypotheses. It first assumes the emergence of a new governance model between public and private stakeholders across these state-of-the-art urban projects. Secondly, it raises the question of new patterns based on marketing methods and communication tools. It raises therefore the question of common European building features. Finally, the purpose of this research is to deliver a new typology of urban sustainable projects, based on three pillars (economic, social and environmental) as suggested by the Brundtland report (1987), the international reference in sustainability, if any. ; Cette étude de territoires infranationaux déconstruit la gouvernance sur quatre projets urbains durables, dont deux à Rennes, un à Copenhague et un autre à Elseneur au Danemark. Elle permet de révéler les préoccupations des acteurs publics, privés ou associatifs, et dévoile leur vision à différentes échelles (locale, nationale, supranationale) pour de grands territoires urbains. Elle interroge également la cohérence de l'action publique, le fonctionnement des institutions, et la démocratie locale plus généralement. Mon travail de recherche part de deux hypothèses : il suppose d'une part l'émergence d'une gouvernance nouvelle entre acteurs publics et privés à travers ces projets urbains novateurs, tant au niveau de la fabrique urbaine que des usages. D'autre part, il questionne l'éventuelle instrumentation de ces projets urbains durables par les pouvoirs publics, à travers la question du marketing territorial rendu nécessaire par une concurrence exacerbée des territoires métropolitains dans le cadre de la mondialisation. Ces hypothèses posent donc in fine la question de l'homogénéisation (ou pas) de la fabrique urbaine européenne. L'État, pour sa part, semble vouloir encourager la réalisation d'opérations exemplaires d'aménagement dans le contexte annoncé d'une transition écologique pour les territoires, mais il reste à distance. L'enjeu est de soutenir la croissance et l'attractivité de ces grandes agglomérations, de les rendre plus respectueuses de leur environnement en diminuant les pollutions multiples et en consommant moins d'énergie et d'espace périurbain. L'intérêt de cette recherche est de proposer une typologie inédite des projets urbains durables à travers une matrice inspirée des trois piliers (économique, social et environnemental) du rapport Brundtland (1987), la référence internationale en matière de durabilité.

This work deconstructs governance over four ecocity projects: two in Rennes (France), one in Copenhagen and another one in Helsingør (Denmark), which have been completed over one or several decades. The monitoring of these projects is carried out at the metropolitan level, but with a significant nation-state and European Union influence. These projects peculiarly highlight the views of public and private institutions or NGOs on large urban territories nowadays. The analysis covers different scales from a local or national to a supranational perspective. They also point out how well institutions are managed, and question how consistent public action and local democracy is in today's globalized world. My research is based on two hypotheses. It first assumes the emergence of a new governance model between public and private stakeholders across these state-of-the-art urban projects. Secondly, it raises the question of new patterns based on marketing methods and communication tools. It raises therefore the question of common European building features. Finally, the purpose of this research is to deliver a new typology of urban sustainable projects, based on three pillars (economic, social and environmental) as suggested by the Brundtland report (1987), the international reference in sustainability, if any. ; Cette étude de territoires infranationaux déconstruit la gouvernance sur quatre projets urbains durables, dont deux à Rennes, un à Copenhague et un autre à Elseneur au Danemark. Elle permet de révéler les préoccupations des acteurs publics, privés ou associatifs, et dévoile leur vision à différentes échelles (locale, nationale, supranationale) pour de grands territoires urbains. Elle interroge également la cohérence de l'action publique, le fonctionnement des institutions, et la démocratie locale plus généralement. Mon travail de recherche part de deux hypothèses : il suppose d'une part l'émergence d'une gouvernance nouvelle entre acteurs publics et privés à travers ces projets urbains novateurs, tant au niveau ...

Naranjo-Zolotov, M., Oliveira, T., Casteleyn, S., & Irani, Z. (2019). Continuous usage of e-participation: The role of the sense of virtual community. Government Information Quarterly, 36(3), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.05.009 ; Local governments around the world are increasingly implementing e-participation platforms to involve citizens in consultation and decision-making processes. E-participation platforms usually succeed and produce positive effects in the community when adopted in the long-term scenario. The adoption of those platforms is still a challenge for local governments. The understanding of the factors that influence the continuous intention to use e-participation over time is critical for the design of diffusion and promotion strategies that motivate the citizens to keep using e-participation. This article explores the drivers that predict the post-adoption of e-participation platforms from the perspective of the sense of virtual community theory, that is the degree of affective attachment to a given community mediated by information technology. Specifically, our research model evaluates the association between the sense of virtual community with use behaviour and the continuous intention to use e-participation. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the data collected from 370 citizens who experienced an e-participation platform hosted by a European capital city. We found out that the direct association between the sense of virtual community and use was significant. Even though the direct association between the sense of virtual community and the continuous intention was non-significant, the indirect association sense of virtual community to use to continuous intention was statistically significant. This finding may indicate that the use behaviour is triggered by the influence of other members of the community for a short period of time, but it does not persist to influence the continuous intention over time. ; publishersversion ; published

Despite considerable contestation, 'excess' weight/fatness is commonly framed as fatal and in need of behavioural interventions. This article reviews literature which places a question mark over or challenges dietary approaches to weight-loss before critically discussing an alternative weight-inclusive intervention, Health At Every Size ® , which is filtering into mainstream discourse while also becoming increasingly fractious. After discussing principles, tensions, resonance and controversies, we reflect on the politics of health and the need to reject the all-too-common definition of weight/fatness as a proxy for individuals' unhealthy lifestyles and personal irresponsibility. In conclusion, we tease out some of the implications of our discussion for social theorizing of health and efforts to rethink the war on obesity.

U ovom radu se istražuje povezanost između regulacije kriptovaluta i državnog uređenja, poglavito liberalne demokracije. Cilj je potvrditi ili odbaciti hipotezu Henry H. Perritta Jr. o sposobnosti liberalnih demokracija da integriraju tehnologije koje bi se mogle smatrati štetnim za suverenost država. Istražena je regulacija kriptovaluta u 29 država koje su poduzele konkretne regulatorne stavove. Njihova regulacija je analizirana i države su kategorizirane u tri skupine regulatornog statusa: integrirajuće, represivne i agresivne. Nakon toga su tri skupine zemalja uspoređene sa svakom od pet mjera slobode. Navedene mjere slobode su bile podijeljene u političke, ekonomske i miješane slobode. To je napravljeno kako bismo saznali kako svaka od njih utječe na rezultate istraživanja. U konačnici se putem grafova i izračuna prikazala korelacija između regulatornog statusa i slobode u državi. U ovom radu je otkriveno da postoji statistički značajna, snažna korelacija između regulatornog statusa i političkih sloboda u državi. Korelacija između regulatornog statusa i ekonomskih sloboda u državi je također statistički značajna, ali osrednja. ; In this paper the connection between cryptocurrency regulation and state political systems, mainly liberal democracy, is being researched. The goal is to confirm or reject the hypothesis of Henry H. Perrit Jr. about the ability of liberal democracies to integrate technologies which might be considered harmful for the sovereignty of a state. The regulations of 29 states, which have taken concrete regulatory stances, have been researched. The states were categorized in three groups of regulatory statuses (integrating, repressive, aggressive) based on the analysis of their regulation. The three groups are then compared with each of the five measures of freedom. The measures of freedom were divided into political, economic and mixed freedoms. It has been done in such a way that we may know how each of them influences the results of this research. Finally, the correlation between the ...

Humans are certainly unique among living species. This is evident in the transformation of human environments and its resulting impact on other animals. However, many of the traits unique to humans are costly as well as adaptive and should certainly not be used to elevate their status above that of other species.

Is the mirror a reliable indicator of self-awareness for any species, whether sheep or human? Taking a cue from feminist, phenomenological, and cross-cultural philosophy, a relational self rather than a reflective one might better capture what is at stake for the lives of social animals and for science.

International audience ; Combining multivariate and qualitative analyses, this micro-level study suggests anexplanation for the persistence of informal savings in rural South India despite publicly runlarge-scale programs to promote bank savings. Notably gold, but also ROSCAs and privatelending, remain dominant forms of saving. We argue that cultural norms and social institutionssuch as social class and caste shape the nature, the propensity but also the opportunities to save.Gold serves multiple purposes, which are financial, economical, socio-cultural, and political.Furthermore, we find that Dalits' (the lowest caste) preference for gold illustrates a relativeemancipation of Dalits combined with the maintenance of prohibition related to caste whichprevents them to invest in other assets such as land.

Jealousy is exclusively a human phenomenon because nonhuman animals lack the brain structures regulating the higher processes underlying jealousy.

Chapman & Huffman attack the idea that humans are unique and therefore superior to nonhuman beings. They call on humankind to use their "intellect to change [their] actions." I am in full accord with their line of thought, which differentiates uniqueness from superiority and enjoins humans to take responsible action. I suggest, however, that humans are unique with regard to cognitive fluidity. The same conclusions can be reached via another argument based on human uniqueness.

International audience ; What is the relationship between environmental policies and New Public Management? Morespecifically, to what extent are these policies currently structured by neo-managerial reformsand principles? These questions provide the common thread running through this special issue,which brings together four original contribution on the French case. In this introductory article,we first propose an overview of New Public Management and environmental policies in France,before briefly reviewing the literature on the effects of New Public Management onenvironmental policies. We then present the main contributions of the texts that make up thisvolume. Finally, we bring some elements of reflection on what the New Public Managementchanges to environmental policies. ; Quels rapports les politiques environnementales entretiennent-elles avec le New PublicManagement ? Plus précisément, en quoi ces politiques sont-elles désormais structurées par lesréformes et les principes néo-managériaux ? La question constitue le fil rouge de ce numérospécial, qui rassemble quatre contributions originales sur le cas français. Dans cet articleintroductif, nous dressons un panorama du New Public Management et des politiquesenvironnementales en France, avant de passer en revue la littérature sur les effets du New PublicManagement sur les politiques environnementales. Nous présentons ensuite les principauxapports des textes qui constituent ce volume. Nous apportons enfin quelques éléments deréflexion sur ce que change le New Public Management aux politiques environnementales.