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Synopsis. — The explicit form of the local potential introduced by I. Prigogine and the author in view of deducing the laws of continuous media from a general variational principle, is calculated for the case of the usual transport effects, the phenomenological coefficients being taken as variable quantities. Different expressions for the steady state local potential are obtained, which are then discussed in relation to an absolute minimum criterion. The possibility of a generalization to non steady state situations is also considered. With respect to the computational techniques, the similarities and differences of the local potential method and of the so called Galerkin method are also discussed.

Dr. Mitchell explores organizational, methodological, and ideological obstacles to the healthy development of survey research in Asia and Latin America. He notes a one-sided emphasis on teaching, various obsolete habits of French-type universities, the absence of administrative and political autonomy on the part of university research institutes, the lack of methodological concern and sophistication on the part of those who conduct survey research, and the often irrelevant intrusion of ideo logical concerns into the research situation. The author is Coordinator of International Research at the Survey Research Center of the Uni versity of California at Berkeley.

In 1962 an article by Mr. Angelos Angelopoulos, professor at the Pantheios School of Political Sciences (Athens), entitled "The Third World, the European Common Market and the West", was published in the Annals. In that article the author described, with the freedom which is by tradition allowed to all contributors to the Annals, the fears and anxieties of the newly developing countries regarding the European Economic Community.In the present article Mr. André Marchal, lecturer at the Faculty of Law and Economics of the University of Paris, discusses the same problem with the same freedom and a viewpoint radically different from that of Professor Angelopoulos.

Professor Herman Finer, author of fourteen books on world politics, and political institutions and philosophy, has now written a morality tale abounding with italics, capital letters, and searing words. The burden of his tale is this: In July 1956, John Foster Dulles thoughtlessly provoked a ruthless dictator into nationalizing the Universal Suez Canal Company which controls the lifeline of the West. Then Dulles compounded his sins. He failed to support our closest Western allies by holding the rest of the world at bay while our friends rightfully resorted to force against a Nasser who had rejected an international management board for the Canal.

In the preface to her biography of Sun Yat-sen, Lyon Sharman writes of the difficulty of drawing a realistic portrait of the symbol of modern Chinese nationalism. Even working in China immediately after Sun's death in 1925, the author attempting an untrammelled biography was hampered not only by the paucity of reliable data but also, and more seriously, by the fact that the Kuomintang had forbidden overt criticism of Sun and of his ideas. The fact that her volume on Sun is still the best available nearly thirty years after publication is a tribute both to the author's assiduousness and to her empathy for China and the Chinese.

Threetopics follow one another in the opening chapter of the twelfth volume of the oldCambridge Modern History(1910), the one proudly entitled, "The Latest Age." The table of contents identifies them as: the spread of democracy in Europe; the heavy burden of armaments; and the continental preponderance of Germany. The author (Stanley Leathes) expressed no alarm over the threat to European stability of such incompatible developments. Instead, he chose to comment that "The Latest Age" had been prosaic and dull, as if to suggest that Europe had solved its main political problems, and that an era of unbroken progress beckoned to an enlightened humanity.

SummaryIt is only seldom that one can collect sufficient statistical data to effect concrete market researches asked for. Therefore the main problem for the market analyst is on the one hand how to obtain, with reasonable efforts, the figures he needs, and on the other hand, how to arrange them in such a manner that it is possible to deduce from them conclusions that form reliable "tools for management". After a preliminary speech to introduce the subject of the "Statistische Dag", the author treats some market‐research problems with which a Netherlands exporter of raw materials for the textile industry has to contend.

Despite all the pressures for changing the ways of American Indians into those of the white man, there are still basically Indian systems of social structure and culture persisting with variable vigor within conservative nuclei of Indian population. The author outlines a conceptual framework for the analysis of American Indian acculturation in different areas of the United States, provides a brief synoptic review of the degree of acculturation in such areas, and discusses the limiting factors to full acculturation by comparing the situation of the United States with that of Mexico, and considers the development of "Pan- Indianism" as an emerging stage in the acculturation process.—Ed.

Awareness of the specific need for solving problems of jurisdiction and finance in Indian litigation, a growing feeling that Indian claims should re ceive more speedy and just attention, and administrative expedience combined to cause Congress to adopt the Indian Claims Commission Act in 1942 and to extend it ten years later to 1962. The author describes the types of claims that arise and discusses some of the issues involved with special reference to the role of expert testimony by anthropologists, whose views have been sought in order to clarify such matters as the identification of tribes and the original boundaries of their lands.—Ed.

Many Americans in key places bring to their consideration of Asia fragments of facts &figments of fancy, notions or prejudices based on the scantiest acquisitions, some dating from childhood, bits & pieces picked up in Sch, at home, in church, from moving pictures & cartoons, from some single influential book or author, from casual newspaper & periodical reading, or from brief encounters with Asians or brief glimpses of Asia itself on recent journeys. Some of these images are examined in this first report on the findings of a study based on 181 intensive interviews with Americans occupying key posts in U's, gov, business, the mass media, church & missionary org's. AA.

The equations for the evolution in time of irreversible processes are written in a variational form in some important cases (thermal conductibility, chemical reactions). The stationnary non equilibrium states are shown to be characterized by a minimum of a quadratic function of the velocities or rates of the irreversible processes. In the neighbourhood of equilibrium, this function reduces to the entropy production per unit time in accordance with a theorem derived previously by the author. The variational principle introduced here which may be called «the principle of the least velocities », plays a role somewhat similar to the Gauss principle of the «least constraints » in classical mechanics.

Experience in social research assists those engaged in policy and administration work in terms of day to day operations: evaluating reports, realizing limits and capabilities of research techniques, ability to communicate effectively to research personnel as to what is desired, and handling office and staff problems. The author discusses three complaints concerning typical research problems: (1) research personnel are frequently unable to state findings in a way understandable to potential users; (2) reports and studies are produced without regard to discovering if the material meets the requirements of its users; and research is useless if job deadlines are not met. R. S. Halpern.

In applying the principles of citizenship to the mental health movement, the author discussed the following points: (1) the nature of cooperative relations among voluntary citizens' organizations and professional and government agencies; (2) the various steps open to a citizen interested in mental health at the local, state, national and international levels; (3) the functioning relations among these levels; (4) the nature of participation; (5) the leadership activities of the Nat Assoc for Mental Health and the state and local associations; & (6) the activities of mental health association in cooperation with other organizations concerned with mental health. D. Wolsk.

The study of law is included in area study programs in order to familiarize the student not with the particular body of law as such, but rather as a clue to the understanding of other cultural mentalities. The inclusion of political theory and politics in association with law in such programs, the stress upon values underlying legal codes-all suggest the general scope of this type of program. The author illustrates the function of legal knowledge in understanding an area with Russian materials, indicating the manner in which an investigator is led from one discipline to another in order to understand the legal materials themselves. M. Morris.

The Preface which Dr G. Fauquet, Ex‐director or the Co‐operative Section of the International Labour Office, well‐known theorist of Co‐operation, and author of "The Co‐operative Sector", has written for Signor Manlio Sancisi's book contains a wide range of vastly interesting observations, not only about this work but also upon the various co‐operative forms of organisation of labour, and upon the relationships existing between such forms of organisation. It therefore gives us great pleasure to be enabled to place the text of this Preface before the readers of the "Annals". — Edg. M.