Suchergebnisse

Many immigrant (minority language) parents send their children to heritage language programs in hopes of helping their children maintain connections to their mother cultures and languages. This case study aims to explore the challenges minority language parents may encounter with decisions related to heritage language retention through community-based heritage language programs in a Canadian Chinese diaspora community. Five parent participants were recruited based on their diverse geographical and linguistic backgrounds. From interviews with these parents five themes emerged. These are 1) the nature of parental expectations regarding the function of heritage education, 2) the differences between heritage education and mainstream education, 3) varying perceptions of being part of a cultural minority, 4) manners of negotiating ethnic identity, and 5) the issue of diaspora values. The findings may shed light on how heritage education may be further developed, and also provide educators and policy makers with a better understanding of the importance of heritage education from the parents' perspective. ; February 2011

Studies on political ideology and health have found associations between individual ideology and health as well as between ecological measures of political ideology and health. Individual ideology and aggregate measures such as political regimes, however, were never examined simultaneously.Using adjusted logistic multilevel models to analyze data on individuals from 29 European countries and Israel, we found that individual ideology and political regime are independently associated with self-rated health. Individuals with rightwing ideologies report better health than leftwing individuals. Respondents from Eastern Europe and former Soviet republics report poorer health than individuals from social democratic, liberal, Christian conservative, and former Mediterranean dictatorship countries. In contrast to individual ideology and political regimes, country level aggregations of individual ideology are not related to reporting poor health.This study shows that although both individual political ideology and contextual political regime are independently associated with individuals' self-rated health, individual political ideology appears to be more strongly associated with self-rated health than political regime.

Статья посвящена одной из неизученных в отечественной историографии проблем Первой мировой войны деятельности немецких властей по вербовке татарских военнопленных в джихад. Проблема рассматривается как часть военной стратегии кайзеровской Германии, направленной на использование исламской теории джихада для привлечения мусульманских подданных Антанты к борьбе против собственных властей. На основе изучения неудачного опыта немецких ведомств по вербовке татарских военнопленных в Вайнбергском лагере установлено, что ожидания Германии в отношении мусульман не могли быть оправданы.The article deals with the activities of the German government in the recruitment of the Tatar war prisoners to jihad during the First World War. The problem is considered within the framework of military strategy of the Kaiser's Germany aimed at using the Islamic theory of jihad for attraction of the Muslim nationals of the Entente countries to the fight against their own governments. Study of unsuccessful experience of German agencies on the recruitment of the Tatar prisoners of the Weinberge camp made it possible to establish that the expectations of Germany regarding the Muslims could not be justified.

Обобщен и проанализирован опыт интегральной оценки состояния физической подготовленности студентов и курсантов. Исследовалась динамика физической подготовленности 18 курсантов. Контрольные измерения проводились в начале и в конце каждого года обучения по программе следующих тестов: подтягивание на перекладине; бег 100м; бег 3000м; преодоление полосы препятствий. Показана возможность и наглядность использования методики комплексного контроля уровня и динамики физической подготовленности курсантов на протяжении всего периода их обучения в военном институте. ; Experience of integrated assessment of cadets and students physical readiness state has been generalised and analysed. Dynamics of physical readiness state of 18 cadets has been researched. The control measurings were conducted at the beginning and at the end of every year of teaching on the program of the followings tests: undercutting on a cross-beam; at run of 100м; at run of 3000м; overcoming of bar of obstacles. Possibility and visualization of employing method of complex control of cadets physical readiness level and dynamics over the whole period of their study in military institutes.

This paper focuses on the identification and analysis of key issues that impact the governance of rural water services in sub-Saharan Africa. Tanzania was selected as a representative case study. The analysis was based on a combination of relevant literature review, extensive fieldwork and action research case studies, which were carried out between 2005 and 2009. A number of weaknesses that continue undermining strategies for poverty eradication were identified at different administrative levels (from local to national): low quality of water services; lack of sustainability of constructed infrastructure; difficulties for targeting the poor; and inadequate internal information systems. Some initiatives to overcome these challenges were piloted and implemented at the district level. Policy recommendations presented entail new paradigms for the provision of rural water supply: adoption of water supply as a service that is monitored and supported by the government; needs-based allocation of projects at community level; and improving guidance for local government decision making are proposed. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

International audience ; This paper examines the major barriers to the deployment of geothermal, small hydro and advanced coal power generation technologies in Vietnam. It ranks their severity by applying the analytical hierarchy process to data from a survey of 37 domestic experts and stakeholders. Key barriers to a wider penetration of small hydro generation technologies are insufficient capital, a lack of domestic suppliers and unsatisfactory government policies. Barriers to geothermal power are related to information and awareness problems, a lack of R&D and industrial capability, a weak policy framework and the remoteness of geothermal sites. For advanced coal power technologies, the barriers are weak industrial capability, high cost and a lack of technical knowledge. The experts consulted in this study view changes in government actions as the key to overcoming the abovementioned barriers. They recommend investing more in R&D activities, improving R&D capacity through joint-venture schemes and reforming investment policy/legislation for the electric power industry as the most appropriate solutions.

This paper examines the major barriers to the deployment of geothermal, small hydro and advanced coal power generation technologies in Vietnam. It ranks their severity by applying the analytical hierarchy process to data from a survey of 37 domestic experts and stakeholders. Key barriers to a wider penetration of small hydro generation technologies are insufficient capital, a lack of domestic suppliers and unsatisfactory government policies. Barriers to geothermal power are related to information and awareness problems, a lack of R&D and industrial capability, a weak policy framework and the remoteness of geothermal sites. For advanced coal power technologies, the barriers are weak industrial capability, high cost and a lack of technical knowledge. The experts consulted in this study view changes in government actions as the key to overcoming the abovementioned barriers. They recommend investing more in R&D activities, improving R&D capacity through joint-venture schemes and reforming investment policy/legislation for the electric power industry as the most appropriate solutions.

Este texto es una invitación a la reflexión sobre la participación política, específicamente sobre una de sus manifestaciones: la participación electoral. La aproximación a este fenómeno, que cada día es más común como instrumento de legitimación de las democracias, reales y formales, se ha querido hacer en un nivel teórico-conceptual con el objetivo de ahondar en las discusiones que se presentan frente al concepto, para poder entenderlo de una mejor manera y, de esta forma, avanzar hacia análisis más coherentes y profundos del mismo. ; The present text is an invitation to think about political participation, but specifically to one of its manifestation: electoral participation. The study to this phenomenon, that every day is more common to legitimate the democracies, real and formal ones, has been made in a theoretical and conceptual level, looking to explain all the conceptual discussions that exist about this concept, with the final objective to understand it, as well as possible, and to be able to make a more coherent and profound analysis.

Abstract Needle exchange programs chase political as well as epidemiological dragons, carrying within them both implicit moral and political goals. In the exchange model of syringe distribution, injection drug users (IDUs) must provide used needles in order to receive new needles. Distribution and retrieval are co-existent in the exchange model. Likewise, limitations on how many needles can be received at a time compel addicts to have multiple points of contact with professionals where the virtues of treatment and detox are impressed upon them. The centre of gravity for syringe distribution programs needs to shift from needle exchange to needle distribution, which provides unlimited access to syringes. This paper provides a case study of the Washington Needle Depot, a program operating under the syringe distribution model, showing that the distribution and retrieval of syringes can be separated with effective results. Further, the experience of IDUs is utilized, through paid employment, to provide a vulnerable population of people with clean syringes to prevent HIV and HCV.

Dissertation focuses on qualitative aspects of EU communication strategies applied in two new EU member states, young democracies – Lithuania and Estonia. The overall goal of the research was twofold: to gain a better understanding about the reasons that determine implementation of EU Communication Policy in different national contexts as well as to propose possible solutions how to reshape and adapt it to specific cultures and conditions. Dissertation deals with the normative approach, that EU communication can provide a basis for the formation of the European public sphere and can help to bridge the 'gap' between EU institutions and citizens on the national level. Generally, this comparative study performed in two Baltic countries has shown that while analysing European political communication, it is crucially important to examine strategic-organisational, as well as contextual factors (socio-cultural, political, economic conditions, local particularities of histories and traditions of communication) and values of those communicating (institutional communication officers and journalists) that influence their relationship (political communication culture) and have an impact on messages produced.

In the course of a postulated severe accident in an NPP, Direct Containment Heating (DCH) may occur after an eventual failure of the vessel. DCH is related to dynamical, thermal, and chemical phenomena involved by the eventual fine fragmentation and dispersal of the corium melt out of the vessel pit. It may threaten the integrity of the containment by pressurization of its atmosphere. Several simplified modellings have been proposed in the past but they require a very strong fitting which renders any extrapolation regarding geometry, material, and scales rather doubtful. With the development of multidimensional multiphase flow computer codes, it is now possible to investigate the phenomenon numerically with more details. We present an analysis of the potential of the MC3D code to support the analysis of this phenomenon, restricting our discussion to the dynamical processes. The analysis is applied to the case of French 1300 MWe PWR reactors for which we derive a correlation for the corium dispersal rate for application in a Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) level 2 study.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Common wisdom indicates that in rural societies, producers' organizations are one of the factors that allow small scale producers to achieve insertion in formal spaces and access economically attractive scales in the supplies and services markets. A probabilistic participation model was used to analyze seven case studies of experiences of farmers' associations in Latin America that showed that the characteristics of the rural producers who seek out opportunities to work together are very different in each of the countries studied and their decision to join such organization is linked to the context and specificity of the locations analyzed. In a second stage of the study, an income model was used to evaluate the impact of participation on the income levels of small-scale farmers, which does not always have a positive impact on income. Thus, producers who join organizations might seek out other benefits, though they may still be interested in market access and marketing services that they can obtain through their participation in a certain type of organization.

Das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) hat sich als sehr erfolgreich beim Aufbau der noch nicht wettbewerbsfähigen erneuerbaren Energien (EE) erwiesen. Nachteilig ist, dass durch die gezielte Auswahl der einzelnen EE und die Festsetzung spezieller Einspeisevergütungen auf einen Wettbewerb der EE untereinander verzichtet wird. Die Bundesregierung gibt in der Leitstudie sowohl allgemeine als auch individuelle Ausbauziele für die einzelnen EE aus, womit implizit die Einspeisevergütungen bestimmt werden. Wir untersuchen die Effizienz dieser Ausbauziele anhand der Kosten der Kapazitätsinstallation und zeigen mit einem einfachen statischen Modell, dass die allgemeinen Ausbauziele für das Jahr 2020 kostengünstiger erreichbar sind. ; The German Renewable Energy Law (EEG) has been a very successful instrument in raising the share of the renewable energies that are not yet competitive. However, a detrimental consequence of this policy is that, through specific feed-in tariffs, it hinders the competition among particular renewable energies. Within the framework of the Lead Study 2008 the German Government set targets both for renewable energies and related technologies and hence affects the particular feed-in tariff. By means of a static model, we analyse in this article the efficiency of the targets for 2020 regarding renewable energies and show that they can be achieved at lower costs.

The East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) was launched in 1998 as a flagship initiative of the Greater Mekong Subregion. EWEC has since achieved many of its infrastructure targets and must now be transformed from a transport corridor into an economic corridor. This report reviews and updates the Pre-Investment Study for EWEC conducted in 2001. It consolidates the interests and concerns of stakeholders into a revised and updated strategy and action plan to provide a vision and framework, improve coordination, and assist in mobilizing resources for EWEC development. Preparation of this revised and updated strategy and action plan for EWEC involved a series of consultations with government officials of EWEC countries and representatives of the private sector, nongovernment organizations, and development partners. These consultations culminated in a regional workshop held on 24 April 2009 in Khon Kaen, Thailand. The revised and updated strategy and action plan for EWEC was endorsed at the 15th GMS Ministerial Conference held in Cha-am, Petchburi Province, Thailand on 17-19 June 2009.