Suchergebnisse

This paper describes the process used to develop and the content of a guide for developing and implementing a district policy for school counselling service in British Columbia. Several unique features include: the composition and sponsorship of the committee, the process rather than prescriptive nature of the Guide itself, and its utility for a wide range of professionals involved in school counselling services. ; On trouve dans cet article une description du contenu et du processus d'élaboration d'un guide destiné à la mise au point et à l'implantation d'une politique régionale de services de counselling en milieu scolaire de la Colombie Britannique. Les points mis en relief concernent 1) la composition et le parrainage du comité, 2) le caractère évolutif plutôt que définitif du guide lui-même et 3) l'utilité du guide pour une grande variété de professionnel(les) impliqué(es) dans les services de counselling en milieu scolaire.

Shared services are often lauded as an efficacious means of reducing municipal expenditure and thereby improving waning financial sustainability. However, most of the extant theoretical and empirical work only considers costs and benefits at the level of the specific service in question and, hence, fails to capture many of the wider benefits and costs that might accrue to local governments. In this article we first build a schema to illustrate the benefits and costs of moving from separate to collaborative production at the level of individual local authorities. We then test two hypotheses drawn from the schema against a five‐year panel of expenditure data. We find evidence of increased expenditure in the order of 8 per cent that prima facie runs counter to the objectives of many municipal managers engaged with shared services. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for cooperative ventures between local authorities.

1 Introduction The Financial Services Revolution -- I The History Of Banks And Bank Regulation -- 2 The Truth about Bank Runs -- 3 The Big Bust: The 1930-33 Banking Collapse—Its Causes, Its Lessons -- 4 Was the Establishment of a Canadian Central Bank in 1935 Necessary? -- 5 A Public Choice Perspective of the 1933 Banking Act -- New Deal Monetary Legislation for the Welfare of the Government: Comment on Shughart -- 6 The Evolving Role of Regulation in the Savings and Loan Industry -- II A Regulatory System In Need Of Repair -- 7 Deposit Insurance in Theory and Practice -- Toward a Sound Financial System: Comment on O'Driscoll -- 8 Financial Stability and FDIC Insurance -- 9 The Role of the Federal Reserve in Reserve Requirement Regulation -- Federal Reserve Interest Rate Smoothing: Comment on Toma -- 10 The FSLIC Is "Broke" in More Ways than One -- 11 Nonbank Banks Are Not the Problem: Outmoded Regulations Are -- III The Future Of Financial Services -- 12 Reuniting Investment and Commercial Banking -- 13 Can Banking and Commerce Mix? -- Comment on "Can Banking and Commerce Mix?" -- 14 Agency Costs and Unregulated Banks: Could Depositors Protect Themselves? -- Evolution in Banking: Comment on England.

Goods and services tax (GST) is a broad based and a single comprehensive tax levied at every stage of the production and distribution chain with applicable set-off in respect of the tax remitted at previous stages. It is basically a tax on final consumption integrates the union excise duties, custom duties, services tax and state VAT. Presently around 140 countries have adopted the GST pattern, including India. The GST would be beneficial for the consumers as it reduces the final burden of taxation. For Government it leads the reduction of tax compliance efforts and administrative costs and for business units it leads transparency, complete set-off and removal of cascading effect of taxation. It is in this background that the present paper tries to explain the significance of GST in India and its prospects for states to generate revenue and ensure transparency in tax structure. This paper is organized into seven sections. Section two presents justification for dual structure of GST in India. The third part presents the rate structure under GST work in India. The fourth segment is concerned with the working of GST in India. The fifth part shows the international experiences of GST at state level in India. The seventh and final part is related to conclusion and policy recommendations.

Most Asian countries are undergoing reforms to bring improvements in local environmental governance. Decentralization, private-sector participation, and community participation are the major reforms contributing toward good governance, including in urban environmental management. Increasing demand for adequate environmental services and effective natural resource protection, because of rapid urbanization and economic growth, is pushing national and local agencies to accelerate reform. This article reviews environmental reforms and their practical applications in solid waste management, water supply and wastewater management, and air quality management in 14 Asian cities. There have been considerable improvements in the quality and coverage of urban environmental infrastructure and services in these cities. These improvements can be further optimized by improving the combination of reforms for the targeted service: building the capacity of local government institutions, community enterprises, and civil society; and modifying initiatives and programs to address diversified needs and characteristics within the same city.

In contrast to books and compact discs, the number of complex services offered on the Internet is still small. The decision-making process for complex services is different because it has an additional intermediate step of "indication of interest." The Web site is (a) visited and searched for information; subsequently, (b) a request for the service is made, which may lead to (c) a purchase. The authors acquired a unique data set from an online Dutch financial service provider, which offers services such as mortgage loans and insurance on the Internet on behalf of financial institutions. They also obtained information on whether the request for the service resulted in a purchase. The authors used the available information to predict the purchase using a latent class probit model. A direct managerial application of this model is the ability to identify and select profitable applicants, resulting in significant profit improvements for the company.

ABSTRACTMarkets for ecosystem services are being promoted across the developing world, amidst claims that the provision of economic incentives is vital to bring about resource conservation. This article argues that equity and legitimacy are also critical dimensions in the design and implementation of such markets, if social development goals beyond economic gains are to be achieved. The article examines this issue by focusing on two communities involved in a project for carbon sequestration services of forests in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The perceived legitimacy of the activities and the distribution of economic outcomes and project‐related information are found to be mediated by organizational allegiances and the history of social relations regarding access to property and forest resources. Political affiliation determines the project's legitimacy, while the poorest farmers and women have been excluded from project design and implementation. The authors argue that pitfalls such as these contribute to reinforcing existing power structures, inequities and vulnerabilities, and suggest that this is a product of the nature of emerging markets. Markets for ecosystem services are, in effect, limited in promoting more legitimate forms of decision making and a more equitable distribution of their outcomes.