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In this article the author investigates the status of current theoretical discussions of popular political ritual before embarking on a brief review of the field of study. This includes an examination and an explanation of those aspects of popular politics to which ritual activities becomes associated. This leads on to a discussion of the current state of the historiography of ritual. Thereafter the article examines the context, both calendrical and geographical, in which ritual activity occurs, then proceeding to analyse the components of ritual, (including parades, processions, meetings, speeches, dining and drinking, and including such activities as gift giving and effigy burnings. He also includes a section regarding ritual from a variety of standpoints. These include: Ritual as spectacle (including the deployment of colour, light and music); Ritual as carnival (including satire, social criticism and social inversion); Ritual as symbolism. Finally prof. O'Gorman investigates about the ritual audience, before addressing the decline of traditional Ritual. ; En este artículo el autor trata sobre de las discusiones teóricas actuales sobre el ritual político popular antes de emprender una breve revisión de su campo de estudio. Esto incluye un examen y una explicación de aquellos aspectos de las política popular, a las que las actividades rituales llegan a estar asociadas. Esto conduce hacia una discusión sobre el estado de la historiografía del ritual. Además este artículo analiza el contexto, tanto del calendario, como geográfico, en el cual se desarrolla la actividad ritual; luego se procede a analizar los componentes del ritual (incluyendo paradas, procesiones, mítines, discursos, cenas y bebidas, e incluyendo actividades tales como dar regalos o quema de efigies. También incluye una sección al respecto desde diferentes puntos de vista: el ritual como espectáculo (incluyendo el del color, luz y música); ritual como carnaval (incluyendo sátira, crítica social e inversión social); ritual como simbolimos. Por último el prof. O'Gorman investiga acerca de la audiencia ritual antes de estudiar la decadenencia del ritual tradicional.

This updated study of sports and recreation utilizes the most current research, introducing the latest innovations and analyses in new chapters while revising and expanding chapters from the previous edition. Presenting diverse methodological and conceptual approaches, this anthology reflects the current view of sports as a "natural laboratory" for ecologically valid research. This collection contains literature reviews, innovative theories and methods, and essays on various psychological and social aspects of sports, games, and organized play

`A much needed examination of a neglected issue - how societies, regions and institutions adjust to our rapidly changing economic world.'. - W. Brian Arthur, Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico. `This is a marvellously rich work of synthesis, bringing together a very wide range of theoretical perspectives to make sense of contemporary patterns of economic and social change. Its range of reference is remarkable - and it is further proof that much of the most interesting theoretical and empirical work today is being done on the boundaries of disciplines.'. - Geoff Mulgan, Director, The Young Foundati

SUMMARY New Aspects of Price and Production Theory. Despite recent progress, price and production theory is still inadequate, because it is not applicable to the management of business enterprises and it cannot be used in macro‐economic models. What is needed is not the refinement of a few special points in the theory, which suffers from the defect of narrowness, but rather an effort to extend its scope, particularly in the following respects:(a) Investigation of such relations as may exist between markets or between industries;(b) Specification of the production functions;(c) The working‐out of a theory of organisations, which would make it possible to grasp and express, in simple terms, the differences that are to be expected in the behaviour of a co‐operative society and a share company, a trust and a cartel a free and a dependent enterprise, etc.;(d) Investigation of cases falling somewhere between a duopoly and a polypoly— the only forms which really exist—detailed treatment being given to the possible reactions of enterprisers (price changes, advertisements, participations etc.), and the result being systematised on the basis of a new logical principle, which, to all appearance, can only be the one underlying the theory of games.It looks as if we are now upon the brink of such an extension of the theory. This would constitute the second "revolution" of the price and production theory. The book Business Concentration and Price Policy reviews the stage now reached by research with regard to a large number of important points, such as:‐ the concept of industry,‐ investigation of yields,‐ the extent of concentration and degree of integration of business firms,‐ the incidence of taxes,‐ the tactics of imperfect competition,‐ the relations between markets.Although it suffers from want of systematic arrangement, the book nevertheless supplies a great many data necessary for the elaboration of a general theory.

"This book discusses and analyses both the economic and cultural sides to globalisation in India, providing much-needed data in relation to several dimensions including the changing costs of living; household expenditure, debt and consumerism; employment and workplace restructuring gender relations and girls' education; global media and satellite television; and the significance of English in a globalising India."--Jacket

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword, Prólogo, Avant-Propos -- Executive Summary, Résumen, Résumé Analytique -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 The Analytic Context for the Review -- Evolving Staff and Shareholder Values Led to Changes in Focus -- Social Development Is a Fuzzy Concept -- Differing Perspectives Have Bureaucratic Implications -- The Bank's Social Development Objectives -- Study Design -- 2 Where Is Social Development Being Conducted? -- Is There a Social Development "Portfolio"? -- It's Done Everywhere, but the Portfolio Varies by Region and Sector -- 3 Is Social Development Relevant? -- It Is Relevant to the Bank's Broader Development Objectives -- It Is a High Priority at the Country Level -- It Is Relevant at the Project Level -- 4 Have Social Development Interventions Been Effective? -- Effectiveness of Projects with Social Development Components Compares Well with Others -- Projects with Overlapping Social Development Themes Have Better Ratings -- 5 What Challenges Affect Implementation of Social Development? -- Consistency: Treatment Received by the Various Social Themes Is Highly Variable -- Maintaining the Flow of Socially Relevant Information -- Borrower Institutional Development in the Broadest Sense -- The Interdependence of Social Themes -- 6 What Are the Implications for Bank Organization and Procedures? -- The Bank's Focus on, and Support for, Social Development Could Be Improved -- More Work across Internal Units Would Help -- Bank and Borrower Social Development Inputs Could Be Fine-Tuned -- Good Social Assessments Focus on Vital Issues -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations for the Bank's Sector Strategy -- The Closer You Get to the Poor, the More You Need Social Development -- Recommendations -- Annexes -- A: Supplemental Charts and Tables -- B: Methodological Note -- C: Definitions of Social Development.

In this compelling book the author contends that social equity--specifically racial equity--is a nervous area of government. Over the course of history, this nervousness has stifled many individuals and organizations, thus leading to an inability to seriously advance the reduction of racial inequities in government. The author asserts that until this nervousness is effectively managed, public administration social equity efforts designed to reduce racial inequities cannot realize their full potential.