Suchergebnisse

International audience The $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotope ratio is a widely used tracer, which provides information on source identification forsafeguard purposes, nuclear forensic studies and environmental monitoring. This paper describes an originalapproach to determine $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U ratios, below 10$^{−8}$, in environmental samples by combination of ICP-MS/MS for $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U ratio and multiple collector ICPMS measurements for $^{235}$U/$^{238}$U and $^{234}$U/$^{235}$U isotope ratios.Since the hydride form of U$^+$ (UOH$^+$) is less prone to occur than UH$^+$, we were focused on the oxidisedforms of uranium in order to reduce hydride based-interferences in ICP-MS/MS. Then, in-cell ion-moleculereactions with O$_2$ and CO$_2$ were assessed to detect the uranium isotopes in mass-shift mode (Q1: U$^+$ → Q2:UO$^+$). The performances in terms of UO$^+$ sensitivity and minimisation of hydride form of UO$^+$ were evaluatedusing five different desolvating systems. The best conditions, using an Apex $\Omega$ or an Aridus system, produceduranium oxide hydride rate ($^{235}$U$^{16}$O1H$^+$/$^{235}$U$^{16}$O+) of about 10$^{-7}$ with O$^2$ in the collision cell.The method was validated through measurements of two certified IRMM standards with $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotoperatio of 1.245×10$^{17}$ and 1.052×10$^{-8}$, giving results in agreement with certified reference values. The relativestandard deviations on seven independent measurements for each standard were respectively of 1.5% and6.2%. Finally, environmental samples corresponding to sediments from the radioactive contamination plumeemitted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were analysed after a well-established uraniumchemical separation procedure. $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U atomic ratios between 1.5×10$^{-8}$ and 7×10$^{-9}$ were obtained with a level accuracy lower than 20%.

The distributional analysis of the words in the dwelling area, such as apartment, house, studio, shows that they have different connotations in speeches: they reflect the sometimes surprising way in which society represents their reference, but this representation is likely to vary depending on the speech. The value of a lexem can therefore be taken into account only after an analysis of a body of various genders has been carried out. ; International audience ; The distributional analysis of the words in the dwelling area, such as apartment, house, studio, shows that they have different connotations in speeches: they reflect the sometimes surprising way in which society represents their reference, but this representation is likely to vary depending on the speech. The value of a lexem can therefore be taken into account only after an analysis of a body of various genders has been carried out. ; L'analyse distributionnelle des mots relevant du champ de l'habitation, comme appartement, maison, studio, montre qu'ils sont munis, en discours, de connotations différentes : ils reflètent la manière, parfois surprenante, dont la société se représente leur référent, mais cette représentation est susceptible de varier selon le discours. La valeur d'un lexème ne peut donc être saisie qu'au terme de l'analyse de corpus de genres divers.

RESUMEN The aim of this article is to reflect on the historical depth of the problem of access to urban space for South American migrants, particularly Bolivian, Paraguayan and Peruvian migrants, in contemporary Argentina. Based on a qualitative methodology and regaining theoretical input from the perspective of migration autonomy, the text reconstructs the continuities in state thinking. this tends to associate some migration with increasing housing problems. At the same time, it shows the agency capacity of migrant populations around social habitat production, arguing that migrant trajectories in cities express not only forms of spatial segregation but also the existence of sub-urban urbanism. it organises and structures the life and everyday life of a broad population. ; RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre la profundidad histórica de la problemática del acceso al espacio urbano por parte de migrantes sudamericanos, en especial bolivianos, paraguayos y peruanos, en la Argentina contemporánea. Con base en una metodológica cualitativa y recuperando los aportes teóricos de la perspectiva de la autonomía de las migraciones, el texto reconstruye las continuidades en el "pensamiento de Estado" que tiende a asociar a cierta migración con el incremento de problemas habitacionales. Al mismo tiempo, muestra la capacidad de agencia que tienen las poblaciones migrantes en torno a la producción social de hábitat, argumentando que las trayectorias migrantes en las ciudades expresan no solo formas de segregación espacial, sino también la existencia de un "urbanismo subalterno" que organiza y estructura la vida y la cotidianidad de un amplio conjunto de la población.

In 2000, far right parties were confined to the margins of the European political landscape. In a few years, they have gained ground in most national parliaments. Their progress, alongside the victories of Erdoğan in Turkey, Modi in India, Duterte in the Philippines, Trump in the United States or Bolsonaro in Brazil, has led to the identity radicalisation of part of the traditional right-wing. Do we support a 'fascisation' of political life and fear a 'return to fascism'? Far from being confined to specialists alone, these issues have involved many writers, artists, politicians (and even Pope Francis) and have also revived extensive historical debates: is fascism a specific historical phenomenon or a concept that goes beyond the geographical and temporal context that led to it? What is the role of analogy and anachronism in historical analysis? Fourteen historians and politicians agreed to express their views on the subject. In the first days of the health crisis, we wondered whether our file might appear to be displaced or even obsolete. This does not seem to be the case. All over the world, right-wing parties have sought to benefit from the health emergency. They offered conspiracy readings, called for the closure of borders and investigated an indictment against lockdown measures. It was in this context that we discovered the work of Sosthen Hennekam, who wanted to illustrate this issue, on the architectures of Milan, the place of birth of fascism and one of the cities most affected by the Covid pandemic. ; International audience ; In 2000, far right parties were confined to the margins of the European political landscape. In a few years, they have gained ground in most national parliaments. Their progress, alongside the victories of Erdoğan in Turkey, Modi in India, Duterte in the Philippines, Trump in the United States or Bolsonaro in Brazil, has led to the identity radicalisation of part of the traditional right-wing. Do we support a 'fascisation' of political life and fear a 'return to fascism'? Far from ...

the purpose of this study is to elaborate on the contributions and meanings of social and political activism in defence of human rights carried out by Colombian refugees based in Spain and their close connection with two relevant processes: empowerment and creation of new identities. Considering, moreover, that the drama of exile is an element that is going through and fragmenting their life paths, substantially increasing their vulnerability, Colombian refugees in Spain are an example of resilience based on the formation of networks of activism in defence of the human rights of exiled women. To this end, the initiatives, demands and strategies that they have put in place, from a gender perspective, in collective action to defend their rights are presented, taking as a reference their participation in associations, supra-associative and social and political impact since exile. They have been able to articulate, through their intense activism, an identity as refugees and also a collective identity as cosmopolite citizens, who have been subjected to empowerment processes. For all these reasons, they have emerged as social partners with the capacity to claim rights in the various territories in which they experience their transnational existence in the context of the Global Development Agenda. This involvement is crystallised through social awareness activities, education for the building of critical global citizenship and international political impact through which its principles and values are disseminated in order to transform the current unfair development model and promote a social shift towards more inclusive and equal societies. Abstract The purpose of this study is to address the contributions and Meanings of social and political activities in defence of human rights weighted out by Colombian disputes living in Spain and their close-to-end relationship with relevant two processes that they experience: of Empowerment and generation of new Identities. Colombian refuges in Spain are an examination of ...

1131 1138 37 1 ; S Vogl, T., Nour-Eldin, N.-E., Hammerstingl, R., Panahi, B., & Naguib, N. (2017). Microwave Ablation (MWA): Basics, Technique and Results in Primary and Metastatic Liver Neoplasms – Review Article. RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren, 189(11), 1055-1066. doi:10.1055/s-0043-117410 ; [EN] Purpose To compare the size of the coagulation (CZ) and periablational (PZ) zones created with two commercially available devices in clinical use for radiofrequency (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA), respectively. Methods Computer models were used to simulate RFA with a 3-cm Cool-tip applicator and MWA with an Amica-Gen applicator. The Arrhenius model was used to compute the damage index (omega). CZ was considered when omega > 4.6 (>99% of damaged cells). Regions with 0.6

1 18 4 ; S ; Advanced Photonix, Inc., 1240 Avenida Acaso, Camarillo, CA 93012, U.S.A. . ; [EN] High pressure xenon Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification are being proposed for rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The discrimination of the rare event through the topological signature of primary ionisation trails is a major asset for this type of TPC when compared to single liquid or double-phase TPCs, limited mainly by the high electron diffusion in pure xenon. Helium admixtures with xenon can be an attractive solution to reduce the electron diffu- sion significantly, improving the discrimination efficiency of these optical TPCs. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe-He mixtures, in the range of 0 to 30% He and demonstrated the small impact on the EL yield of the addition of helium to pure xenon. For a typical reduced electric field of 2.5 kV/cm/bar in the EL region, the EL yield is lowered by similar to 2%, 3%, 6% and 10% for 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of helium concentration, respectively. This decrease is less than what has been obtained from the most recent simulation framework in the literature. The impact of the addition of helium on EL statistical fluctuations is negligible, within the experimental uncertainties. The present results are an important benchmark for the simulation tools to be applied to future optical TPCs based on Xe-He mixtures. The NEXT Collaboration acknowledges support from the following agencies and institutions: the European Research Council (ERC) under the Advanced Grant 339787-NEXT; the European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreements No. 674896, 690575 and 740055; the Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad of Spain under grants FIS2014-53371-C04, RTI2018-095979, the Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2014-0398 and the Mara de Maetzu Program ...

How can happiness and sustainability be combined? A draft of enlightened hedonism as a model for sufficiency.

presuming that what is hidden, reserving to the constitutionalist only the summary of a colloquium on the contribution of the priority question of constitutionality (QPC) to the protection of rights and freedoms in the various fields of law seems, not without a paradoxical taste, to distance the QPC. from constitutional law. Presumably, according to a pessimistic oecumenical reading, the priority issue of constitutionality escapes constitutionalists and is now referred to by all legal disciplines, relegating the constitutionalist to the role of distant observer; perhaps, according to neutralising pragmatism, the QPC balance sheet is above all a track record that needs to be drawn up in a substantial way, calling on specialists in each of the disciplines concerned to draw it up, not the constitutionalist; let alone, on the basis of a radical optimistic, that the constitutionalist is the only one able to provide a summary of the balance to be drawn up of the QPC. This lack of constitutionalists calls for this specialist view to be adopted, which is fuelled as much by what has been said as by what could have been, which may lead to a bit going beyond the classic exercise of strict synthesis. Karine Foucher explained that the different disciplines represented were chosen on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of all QPC decisions and the themes they covered. A topic of less than 10 decisions was discarded from the outcome of the colloquium. This justification clarifies the choice of the presence of the different disciplines. Measuring the contribution of QPC to the protection of rights and freedoms requires a stocktaking exercise. With this in mind, it is necessary to clarify, in advance, from what point of view this assessment is being undertaken, before identifying the criteria on the basis of which it is carried out and giving a few words to those who draw it up. What is the state of play? What are the criteria for taking stock? Who takes stock of the situation? These are the three issues to be resolved as ...

The value of the 'Royal bath' (fandroana) Dependent exchanges and sovereignty in the Kingdom of Madagascar in the nineteenth century 'The sovereign inherits power, the people inherited from service' Ny Andriana mandova fanjakana, ny vahoaka mandova fanompoana 1 ; International audience ; The value of the 'Royal bath' (fandroana) Dependent exchanges and sovereignty in the Kingdom of Madagascar in the nineteenth century 'The sovereign inherits power, the people inherited from service' Ny Andriana mandova fanjakana, ny vahoaka mandova fanompoana 1 ; La valeur du « bain royal » (fandroana) Échanges tributaires et souveraineté dans le Royaume de Madagascar au XIX e siècle « Le souverain hérite du pouvoir, le peuple hérite du service » Ny andriana mandova fanjakana, ny vahoaka mandova fanompoana 1

Astrocytes are glial cells organized in dynamic and structured networks in the brain. These plastic networks, involving key proteins such as connexin 43 (Cx43), are engaged in fine neuronal tuning and have recently been considered as emerging therapeutic targets in central nervous system disorders. We developed and validated a new application of the manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) technique allowing in vivo investigations of astrocyte-neuron interactions through quantification of brain Cx43 functional activity. The proof of concept has been achieved by quantification of MEMRI signals in brain after either local astrocyte-specific Cx43 knockdown with shRNA or systemic administration of Cx43 blockers. Unilateral hippocampal Cx43 genetical silencing was associated with an ipsilateral local increase of MEMRI signal. Furthermore, Cx43 blockers also enhanced MEMRI signal responses in hippocampus. Altogether, these data reveal the MEMRI technique as a tool for quantitative imaging of in vivo Cx43-dependent function in astrocytes under physiological and pathological conditions.

This discussion paper was presented during an internal seminar of the GUARDINT Project. GUARDINT is a research project focused on the democratic oversight of intelligence agencies, and in particular of their surveillance activities. At the heart of our work is a tension between democratic values of publicity and transparency, and the rationalities of the reason of state and attached practices like secrecy. The goal of this discussion paper is to bring to light this tension and mobilize political theories on which to ground our joint work and our conceptualization of oversight and democracy.

This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 645763. This conceptual paper is concerned with the outcomes of the financialization of non-financial firms, and particularly with the role of institutions in shaping these outcomes. It centers on the question of whether the institutional setting of economies can be expected to moderate the effects of financialization on companies' employment practices, investment decisions, R&D activities, and value chain. To approach this question, I first sketch out the concept of financialization and its meaning when considering its firm-level implications. I then draw on the literature on comparative institutional theory to identify two opposite institutional settings, liberal market economies and coordinated market economies. In a third step I combine empirical findings from the literature with theoretical reasoning, to hypothesize about how the outcomes of financialization on the firm-level differ between liberal and coordinated economies, developing two different scenarios about the trajectory of firm-level financialization in coordinated market economies. Finally, I discuss the implications of these scenarios for our understanding of financialization and its connection to institutional environments. Overall, the paper argues that taking an institutionally comparative perspective on financialization alerts us to the possibility that financialization does not represent a uniform process causing the same outcomes to manifest in non-financial corporations around the globe. Instead, as the financialization of firms takes place in diverse institutional settings, associated practices will have to be adapted to local institutions enabling and constraining them.

Resum: Les investigacions dutes a terme durant les últimes dècades han posat en relleu la singularitat i la rellevància de la documentació andorrana relativa al fenomen històric conegut com a «cacera de bruixes», tot destacant l'elevat nombre de processos per bruixeria conservats per als segles XV-XVII. Aquesta realitat documental ha motivat un projecte de recerca finançat pel Govern d'Andorra i basat en la recopilació i estudi del total de processos per bruixeria conservats al fons «Tribunal de Corts» de l'Arxiu Nacional d'Andorra. Els resultats d'aquest projecte han estat recollits en un espai web articulat al voltant d'un atles interactiu de les valls i d'una base de dades formada per desenes de fitxes individuals dotades d'un sistema d'etiquetes i enllaços, fet que converteix aquesta plataforma en una potent eina de recerca per als especialistes i, alhora, en una experiència innovadora de cara a la difusió i posada en valor de la recerca entre el gran públic. Paraules clau: processos, bruixeria, Andorra, Humanitats Digitals Abstract: The research carried out during the last decades has pointed up the relevance and uniqueness of the Andorran sources concerning the historical phenomenon of witch-hunts, by highlighting the large number of witchcraft trials preserved for the 15th-17th centuries. This archival reality has motivated the development of a research project financed by the Andorran Government and devoted to the collection and study of the totallity of witchcraft trials preserved in the series «Tribunal de Corts» of the Arxiu Nacional d'Andorra. The project's results have been displayed in a web page containing an interactive atlas and a database composed of dozens of individual files enriched with a system of tags and hyperlinks. The platform therefore becomes a powerful tool for researchers as well as an innovative experience regarding the dissemination and valorisation of research among the general public. ...

This article illustrates the value and impact of collaboration among scholars, archivists, and librarians working across universities and government institutions, and how changes in medium-from a born-physical photograph and printed postcard to a digital reproduction to a simultaneously born-digital and printed book- create new possibilities for scholarly analysis, interpretation, and dissemination, which in turn suggest future directions for research and engagement across fields of inquiry. In doing so, this article argues that history matters by illuminating past networks that, through humanistic inquiry, continue to connect people, ideas, and institutions in the present and into the future. NEH Office of Digital Humanities; NLM/NIHUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Library of Medicine (NLM) A Digital Humanities Advancement Grant from the NEH Office of Digital Humanities supported the "Viral Networks" workshop and associated, peerreviewed monograph. The authors also thank the staff of VT Publishing, especially Robert Browder and Peter Potter, for their assistance in publishing this collection. Jeffrey S. Reznick is grateful to NLM/NIH for supporting his contributions to this article as they reflect programmatic outcomes of the interagency partnership between NLM/NIH and NEH.