Suchergebnisse

Introduction: adaptation to the day care center needs to be analyzed from the perspective of health as a key element for the protection of a healthy childhood. Objectives: to describe the intervening factors in the process of adaptation of children to the day care center and to analyze the health demands in this process. Methods: this is a descriptive qualitative research conducted in a municipal day care center in Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil, with seven early childhood education professionals, through semi-structured interviews. Data were submitted to thematic analysis. Results: the findings showed that family, environment, reception, attendance at the day care center and food are factors that interfere with the adaptation of the child to the day care center. There are demands on child and family health for which it would be important to have the participation of health professionals, including nurses. However, the understanding of health is still linked to the biomedical model of the health-disease process. Conclusions: adaptation in the day care center is influenced by multidimensional factors that include interpersonal relationships established in this environment. The actions of nurses in day care centers still need to gain strength and political and social visibility. ; Introducción: la adaptación en la guardería necesita ser analizada bajo la óptica de la salud como un elemento-clave para la protección de una infancia saludable. Objetivos: describir los factores intervinientes en el proceso de adaptación del niño en la guardería y analizar las demandas en salud en ese proceso. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, de abordaje cualitativo, realizada en una guardería municipal de Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil, con siete profesionales de educación infantil, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis temático. Resultados: los hallazgos señalaron que familia, ambiente, acogida, frecuencia en la guardería y alimentación son factores que interfieren en la adaptación del niño en la guardería. Hay demandas en la salud del niño y de la familia en las que sería importante tener la participación de un profesional de salud, incluyendo al enfermero. No obstante, la comprensión de salud aún es vinculada al modelo biomédico del proceso salud-enfermedad. Conclusiones: la adaptación en la guardería es afectada por factores multidimensionales que incluyen las relaciones interpersonales establecidas en este ambiente. La actuación del enfermero en la guardería aún necesita ganar fuerza y visibilidad política y social. ; Introdução: a adaptação na creche precisa ser analisada sob a ótica da saúde como um elemento-chave para a proteção de uma infância saudável. Objetivos: descrever os fatores intervenientes no processo de adaptação da criança na creche e analisar as demandas em saúde nesse processo. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em uma creche municipal do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil, com sete profissionais de educação infantil, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: os achados apontaram que família, ambiente, acolhimento, frequência na creche e alimentação são fatores que interferem na adaptação da criança na creche. Há demandas em saúde da criança e da família para as quais seria importante ter a participação de um profissional de saúde, incluindo o enfermeiro. Contudo, a compreensão de saúde ainda é vinculada ao modelo biomédico do processo saúde-doença. Conclusões: a adaptação na creche é influenciada por fatores multidimensionais que incluem as relações interpessoais estabelecidas nesse ambiente. A atuação do enfermeiro na creche ainda precisa ganhar força e visibilidade política e social.

ilustraciones, mapa ; Con autorización de uso ; "Desde los años noventa los cinco países andinos (Colombia, Perú, Ecuador, Venezuela y Bolivia) escribieron nuevas constituciones que establecieron derechos a la diversidad étnica y cultural. Pero sólo Colombia, Ecuador y Bolivia incluyeron reconocimiento constitucional para afrodescendientes. Aunque no hay dicho reconocimiento en todos los países andinos, en los cinco casos se observan procesos de "inclusión estatal para afrodescendientes", es decir, creación de leyes, programas, políticas públicas y oficinas para tramitar en el Estado los temas de estas poblaciones. Esta investigación doctoral propone un marco analítico para entender el tratamiento estatal para afrodescendientes en los países andinos en las últimas décadas. Indagando en la variabilidad en el reconocimiento constitucional y en la interacción entre movilización social, actores estatales y política internacional en la inclusión estatal de afrodescendientes en los países de la región. Se argumenta que los procesos de reconocimiento constitucional y de inclusión estatal para afrodescendientes en la región andina son procesos "políticamente contenciosos" donde interactúan movilización social, actores estatales y política internacional. Los hallazgos de este estudio muestran que el reconocimiento constitucional ocurrió en países donde hubo movilización social afrodescendiente en el momento del cambio constitucional, la cual se desarrolló en medio de cambios constitucionales que fueron abiertos a la participación de diversos actores sociales. Igualmente, se evidenció que, aunque en todos los países andinos están presentes factores sociales, estatales e internacionales en los procesos de inclusión estatal para afrodescendientes, los mismos operan de manera diferenciada en cada país. Así, se observaron tres tipos de inclusión estatal: inclusión mediante reconocimiento constitucional, inclusión mediante articulación entre el movimiento social y el gobierno, e inclusión por presión internacional."--Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado ; "Since the nineties the five countries of the Andean region (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela and Bolivia) wrote new constitutions where they established the constitutional right to ethnic and cultural diversity. But, only Colombia (1991), Ecuador (1998 and 2008) and Bolivia (2009) have constitutional rights for Afro-descendants. Although there is no constitutional recognition for Afro-descendants in all Andean countries, in the five cases there are processes of "state inclusion for Afro-descendants", that is, creation of laws, programs, public policies and offices to process issues of these populations in the State. This research aims to propose an analytical framework to understand the differentiated state treatment for Afro-descendants in the Andean countries in recent decades. For this, initially this study examines the variability in the constitutional recognition for Afro-descendants; and, subsequently, is analyzed the interaction between social mobilization, state actors and international for state inclusion for Afro-descendants in the Andean region. The investigation argues that the processes of constitutional recognition and state inclusion for Afro-descendants in the Andean region are "politically contentious" processes with interaction between social mobilization, state actors and international politics. The findings show that constitutional recognition occurred in countries where Afro-descendant social mobilization occurred at the time of constitutional change, which were open to the participation of different social and political actors. Moreover, although in all Andean countries are present social, state and international factors in the processes of state inclusion, they operate differently in each country. So, three types of state inclusion for Afro-descendants were observed: inclusion through constitutional recognition, inclusion through articulation between the social movement and the government, and inclusion through international pressure."--Tomado del Formato de Documento de Grado ; Tesis Doctor en Ciencia Política ; Tesis Doctorado en Ciencia Política ; Doctorado

This thesis begins with the historical evolution of the European institutions and their responsibility across time. Since the reconstruction of Europe after the second world war until the creation of the European Union following the evolution of the various treaties responsible for its structure. This is followed by an analysis of the Cultural Programme 2007-2013, focusing on its structure and goals. Furtherly will be focussed the European parliamentary debates, and the analysis of the working groups during the process of programmatic decision-making in order to discover the importance placed by those institutions on culture and theatre. The final section was concerned with the place that theatre has on the political spectrum of the European Union; this was established by considering the results of the analyses of the debates, the statement of the European Council of ministers of culture and the projects approved by the European Cultural Programme 2007-2013. This programme was created to build intercultural dialogue and tolerance between the different members states that are part of the European Union. Starting with the assumption that culture is fundamental for the building of a healthy and tolerant society and for the creation of symbols, rituals and traditions, which develop a common emotional connection between the European countries. This study wants to open a path of reflection on the impact that this cultural programme had in the financing of theatre projects in the European Union. Theatre involves the collective work of different artistic influences and has the possibility of introducing a variety of different kinds of artistic participation, such as music and dance, and developing different ways of communication that help the transmission of the concept, history and message in different languages. Theatre also provides the possibility of creating new rituals and traditions that may or may not redefine a society. ; Esta tese inicia-se com a evolução histórica das instituições Europeias e as suas responsabilidades ao longo do tempo. Desde a reconstrução da Europa após a segunda grande guerra até a formação da União Europeia, atravessando os vários tratados responsáveis para a sua estruturação. Segue-se a analise do Programa Cultural 2007-2013, focando na sua estrutura e objetivos. Em seguida, debruça-se sobre o seu lugar nos debates parlamentares do Parlamento Europeu e a analise dos grupos de trabalho, responsáveis pela sua criação programática, com o objetivo de averiguar a importância que essas instituições dão á cultura e ao teatro. A secção final tem como objetivo explorar o lugar que o Teatro tem no espectro politico da União Europeia; isso foi estabelecido tendo em consideração os resultados da analise feita aos debates, a declaração do Concelho de Ministros Europeus da cultura e os projetos aprovados no programa cultural Europeu, Programa Cultural 2007-2013. Este projeto foi criado para construir um dialogo intercultural e promover a tolerância entre os diferentes estados membros que fazem parte da União Europeia. Ao assumir que a cultura é fundamental pela fomentação de um sociedade saudável e tolerante, criadora de símbolos e rituais e tradições, que desenvolvem uma ligação emocional e de comunidade entre os países Europeu; este estudo quer abrir um caminho de reflecção sobre o impacto que este programa cultural tem no financiamento de projetos de teatro na União Europeia. O teatro envolve o trabalho coletivo de diferentes influencias artísticas e tem a capacidade de introduzir uma variedade de participações artísticas, com a dança e a musica, e desenvolver diferentes maneira de comunicar que ajudam na transmissão do conceito, história e mensagem para diferentes línguas. Teatro também tem a potencialidade de criar novos rituais e tradições que podem ou não redefinir uma sociedade.

The experience of advanced dementia has been largely excluded from design work in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), as the experience itself is viewed as 'unreachable' in terms of design engagement. This thesis aims to examine the experience of living with dementia in the care home context, with a view to implementing methods of Experience-Centred Design (ECD) to examine the relational and agentic abilities of people with dementia, particularly in advanced dementia. In order to examine the experience of advanced dementia and understand the political and social implications of inclusion of people with advanced dementia in design, this thesis draws on the social theory of recognition, a theory which emphasises the need for mutual engagement as a means of developing and sustaining a self-identity. Used as the basis of a design framework, this theory suggests a series of sensibilities for design in this context, which are presented in chapter 2. This framework informs the empirical design work presented in chapters 4, 5 and 6 to examine the needs for reciprocity through design in dementia care, paying particular attention to the ways of engaging with the experience of advanced dementia. The initial ethnography, presented in chapter 4, focuses on the nature of communication, care and participation with people with advanced dementia, with a view to informing recognition-based design work. Findings suggest ways to further support moments of recognition in care and design, such as embodied communication, challenges in recognising the needs of people with advanced dementia and reconfiguring the role of people with advanced dementia in design. Informed by the findings of the ethnography, and with a view to increasing moments of recognition through design, intergenerational design work with student volunteers and residents in care is presented in chapter 5. Discussed are two case studies; Life Story Box and History Club. In these design projects, students worked with residents to explore their personhood and engaged in the co-design of artefacts which represented the individual and collective life story of the people with dementia. Findings suggest how best to support students and people with dementia in the design process, as well as some of the ethical implications of supporting co-design in this context. The final study culminated in the design and evaluation of 'Printer Pals', a receipt-based media producing technology to increase access to media and encourage social engagement in the care home setting. This iterative design process involved prototype development, evaluation and implementation in collaboration with researchers from Open Lab, Newcastle University. Findings discuss the use of design processes to support agency in care homes, and the role of technology in creating opportunities for positive social engagement and cohesion. This empirical design work, informed by the theory of recognition and methods of ECD, proposes an approach to designing with and for people with advanced dementia that supports and engages in their agentic social presence. Design work in this context presents an opportunity to position the person with advanced dementia as active in the dialogical process of meaning-making, as well as their own care practices. Reconfiguring the role of people with advanced dementia in relational and social processes, requires careful re-visiting of cultural and social notions of agency and mutuality, and how they have failed to consider the abilities of people with advanced dementia. Design has a central role to play in supporting these abilities, encouraging creative and meaningful care practices in order to honour the needs and rights of the person with dementia to shape a meaningful and connected lived experience.

The existing problems for the definition of the problem to be addressed in a public policy, are usually one of the main concerns of analysts, that is why within the framework of this complexity are addressed in the document, approaches outlined by authors of various currents theoretical, that although they do not express a single thread, they demarcate an observable concern in the classic literature analyzed. From the documentary analysis we can observe from the visions referred to the definition of the problem to be addressed in a public policy, going on to specify the importance of the subject and the identification of some errors when it comes to achieving such identification, until the definition of proposals to address public policies from the definition of the problem and its design. It was found that the definition of problems for this context is advanced in a wrong way based on a bet that ignores citizen participation and that is studied outside the government and the political regime. There is a need to transform these predominant visions not only in literature but also in society, which implies the possible challenge of creating own models for the formulation of public policies. ; Los problemas existentes para la definición del problema a atender en una política pública, suelen ser una de las principales preocupaciones de los analistas, es por ello que en el marco de esta complejidad se abordan en el documento, los planteamientos esbozados por autores de diversas corrientes teóricas, que si bien no expresan un único hilo conductor, sí demarcan una preocupación observable en la literatura clásica analizada. A partir del análisis documental se observan desde las visiones referidas a la definición del problema a atender en una política pública, pasando por precisar la importancia de la temática y la identificación de algunos errores a la hora de lograr tal identificación, hasta la definición de propuestas para abordar las políticas públicas desde la definición del problema y su diseño. Se encontró que la definición de problemas para este contexto se adelanta de manera equivocada a partir de una apuesta que desconoce la participación ciudadana y que se estudia por fuera del gobierno y del régimen político. Se observa la necesidad de transformar estas visiones predominantes no solo en la literatura sino también en la sociedad, lo que implica el reto posible de crear modelos propios para la formulación de políticas públicas. ; Os problemas existentes para a definição do problema a compreender em uma política pública, geralmente é uma das principais preocupações dos analistas, é por isso que, no âmbito dessa complexidade, são abordados no documento, abordagens delineadas por autores de várias correntes teóricas, que, embora não expressem um único fio, demarcam uma preocupação observável na literatura clássica analisada. A partir da análise documental, observan-se desde as visões referidas á definição do problema a abordar em uma política pública, passando a especificar a importância da temática e a identificação de alguns erros quando se trata de alcançar essa identificação, até a definição de propostas para abordar políticas públicas a partir da definição do problema e seu design. Verificou-se que a definição de problemas para este contexto é avançada de forma errada, baseada em uma aposta que ignora a participação cidadã e que é estudada fora do governo e do regime político. Observa-se a necesidade de transformar essas visões predominantes não só na literatura, mas também na sociedade, o que implica o possível desafio de criar modelos próprios para a formulação de políticas públicas

Article 365 of the political constitution of Colombia states as follows: "Public utilities are inherent to the social objectives of the state. It is the responsibility of the state to ensure efficient provision of these services to all citizens in the national territory….". In the case of drinking water and basic sanitation, the responsibility for seeing to the efficient provision of services falls on the municipal and departmental agencies, which finance these works with government funds from the general participation system in accordance with the provisions of Law 715 of 2001. The purpose of this paper is to review efficiency in the provision of drinking water supply to people in 45 municipalities in the state of Bolivar, Colombia, in the 2007-2008 time period, based on a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using information about total investment in drinking water and the monthly average of hours of service supplied by each territorial agency to the National Planning Department (DNP, for its Spanish acronym). The results of the review of that period reveal that fewer than 20% of the municipalities in Bolivar have met the minimum threshold of efficiency. ; La Constitución Política de Colombia promulga, en su artículo 365, que "Los servicios públicos son inherentes a la finalidad social del Estado. Es deber del Estado asegurar su prestación eficiente a todos los habitantes del territorio nacional."; en el caso del agua potable y el saneamiento básico, la responsabilidad de velar por la prestación eficiente del servicio recae en los entes municipales y departamentales, quienes financian dicha labor con los recursos que el Estado transfiere a través del Sistema General de Participaciones, según lo establecido en la Ley 715 de 2001. El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar la eficiencia, mediante el Análisis Envolvente de Datos- DEA, de los 45 municipios del departamento de Bolívar (Colombia) en el suministro de agua potable a sus habitantes durante el periodo 2007 – 2008, a partir la información sobre la inversión total en agua potable y el promedio mensual del número de horas de prestación del servicio, suministrada por cada ente territorial al Departamento Nacional de Planeación- DNP. Los resultados de dicho análisis para el periodo considerado muestran que menos del 20% de los municipios bolivarenses se encuentran en la frontera de eficiencia. ; A constituição política da Colômbia promulgou, em seu artigo 365, que "Os serviços públicos são inerentes ao propósito social do Estado. É dever do Estado garantir sua prestação eficiente para todos os habitantes do território nacional.". No caso da água potável e do saneamento básico, a responsabilidade de assegurar a prestação eficiente dos serviços pertence às autoridades municipais e departamentais, que financiam esse trabalho com os recursos que o Estado transfere através do Sistema Geral de Participações, conforme definido na Lei 715 de 2001. O propósito do presente artigo consiste em analisar a eficiência, a través da Análise por Envoltória de Dados (DEA), dos 45 municípios do departamento de Bolívar (Colômbia) no abastecimento de água potável a seus habitantes durante o período de 2007 – 2008, a partir de informações sobre o investimento total em água potável e o número médio mensal de horas de prestação do serviço, fornecida por cada autoridade local para o Departamento Nacional de Planejamento (DNP). Os resultados dessa análise para o período considerado mostram que menos de 20% dos municípios bolivarianos se encontram na fronteira da eficiência.

This study draws on ethnographic research with Somali migrants in Cape Town to explore the intersection of (im)mobility, physical and virtual space and new configurations of belonging in a digital world. It investigates the gendered politics and ethics of being and belonging in a world of mobility and migration where digital technologies have become significant to social organisation and sociality, both within and across borders. The dissertation presented probes the reasons why policies and technologies that were expected to create more fluid movement and more open societies have been met with the hardening of national borders, and a parallel rise in global trends towards anti-immigration, control of identities and fear of difference, which have manifested in South African society. This dissertation concludes that a combination of legal frameworks related to migrants and refugees, public infrastructures and cultural factors exert a strong influence on Somali migrants' access to rights in South Africa, identity and social reproduction, and transnational belonging. Social exclusion may be a catalyst for Somali migrants' transnational engagements in which digital technologies are a significant driver of heightened group consciousness and belonging. In many ways, the rise of online social networks and information capital have taken off among Somali migrants because of their tremendous social organising power in the absence of formal institutions, limited political and social belonging in host countries, and in the context of vastly integrated transnational diaspora networks which sustain economic and social lives. As such, Somali migrants live at the margins of (im)mobility – in-between physical and virtual spaces – leading to the navigation of "frontier-ness", challenging taken-for-granted identities. While most studies about mobility and migration focus on citizenship and belonging from a legalistic or deterministic standpoint – solidifying prescribed notions of "Somaliness" or other factors of identity affiliated with nationhood or citizenship – there is a need to dig deeper to understanding what it means to navigate and, indeed perform, belonging via gendered technologies of mobility. Participation in social life through online networks and in transnational spaces often challenges common assumptions that identity is necessarily linked to particular places. However, this research simultaneously demonstrates the ways in which nations and borders continue to be emphasised in a world of flows. Contrary to popular assumptions that the internet is transnational, borderless and disassociated with place, this research argues that nation-places – enacted through hubs and nodes – continue to be salient. In this context, it is important to understand how digital technologies intersect with identity, culture and socialnorms offline and online among diverse communities to support new configurations of agency and empowerment in an increasingly digital world. In this light, this dissertation looks at how digital technologies, such as the internet, emerge as a force of mobility, situated in contrast to stark forces of immobility which seek to limit the movement of people. Not only does the internet close distance between geographies, it also closes distances in access to information and networks of support, such as financial assistance, social capital and caregiving. Experiences of mobility (offline and online) have been both empowering and liberating. However, mobility is also circumscribed and limited by new forms of social control and manipulation at all levels of society. Despite the profoundly transnational and borderless context of the internet, "traditional" cultural frameworks and identities, such as nationality and gender, continue to be salient markers of online identity, just as they are offline. This study argues that digital technologies are culturally constituted frontier spaces characterised by various layers of (im)mobility through which belonging is navigated and performed.

Принятие решений в институтах высшего образования реализуется в условиях VUCA-мира: нестабильности, неопределенности, сложности, неоднозначности, являющимися значимыми контекстами современной социокультурной и организационной реальности. Данная статья представляет собой кейс-исследование процесса проектирования и открытия новой образовательной программы в одном российском университете, представленного в виде цепи взаимосвязанных решений, анализ которых выявляет и объясняет специфику принятия управленческих решений в современных университетах. Исследование опирается на смешанные методы, включающие: пять глубинных интервью с наиболее важными стейкхолдерами; включенное наблюдение за этапами развития ситуации; интервью с остальными стейкхолдерами; анализ государственных регулирующих документов и стандартов; анализа университетских регулирующих документов и стандартов. Кейс был проанализирован с использованием теории ограниченной рациональности, теории организационной анархии; идей распределения власти и влияния в организациях; концепции избегания риска при принятии решений. Анализ кейса выявил наличие размытости границ власти вовлеченных сторон, неопределенность «правил игры», исключение некоторых важных заинтересованных сторон из процесса принятия решений, частичный недостаток опыта и экспертизы в новых ситуациях принятия решений, неоднозначность ряда востребованных организационных процедур. Представлен ряд стратегий, способных потенциально редуцировать уровень неопределенности и повысить качество принимаемых решений в университетах. К ним относятся: декомпозиция проблемной ситуации, применение техник анализа сложных решений, повышение роли участия и вовлеченности, управление распределением потоков информации, недопущение феномена группового мышления. Предложены меры по организации политических переговоров, повышению качества коммуникации, применению принципов самообучающейся организации. Статья содержит новый и мало представленный в российской научной литературе анализ теории и практики принятия управленческих решений, описанные стратегии призваны помочь формированию оснований для наиболее зрелых управленческих решений в университетском контексте. ; Making decisions in higher education institutions is realized in the context of the VUCA-world – that is, in the conditions of instability, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, which are significant markers of today's social, cultural, and organizational reality. The article is a case study of designing and implementing a new educational program in one Russian university. The analysis is shaped in a chain of interconnected decisions revealing the specifics of management decisions in modern universities. The study is based on mixed research methods, including five in-depth interviews with the most important actors involved; observation of the situation development stages; interviews with other actors involved; analysis of state regulatory documents and standards; analysis of university regulatory documents and standards. The case is studied via organized anarchy theory, power and authority in organization theory, risk avoidance and bounded rationality perspectives were used. The analysis of the case has identified the involved parties' power boundaries blurring, the uncertainty of the «game rules», the exclusion of some important stakeholders from the decision-making process, the experience and expertise partially lacking in new decision-making situations, the ambiguity of several demanded organizational procedures. There are presented a number of strategies that can potentially reduce the level of uncertainty and improve the quality of decisions taken at universities. These include decomposing a problem situation, using techniques for analyzing complex decisions, increasing the role of participation and involvement, managing the distribution of information flows, preventing the phenomenon of group thinking. The article proposes measures of organizing political negotiations, improving the quality of communication, applying the principles of self-learning organization. The article contains a new and weakly presented in Russian scientific literature analysis of the theory and practice of decision-making management. The described strategies are designed to create solid background for mostly mature management decisions in universities. ; Публикация подготовлена при поддержке гранта РФФИ 18‑013‑01125 А «Модель управления научно-образовательной деятельностью в классическом исследовательском университете (магистратура)».

This paper examines the advocacy planning movement and the socio-political climate of civil rights around 1968, focusing on two case studies that are closely connected to the critique of urban renewal in the United States: firstly, the founding of the Architect's Renewal Committee in Harlem (ARCH), the first organization solely devoted to advocacy planning in the United States, and secondly, the establishment of the City Planning Forum at Yale School of Art and Architecture, an independent governing body which consisted of all full-time faculty members and students and – in dialogue with the civil rights movement – had as its main purpose to bring greater diversity to the department. Special attention is paid to the approaches of advocacy planner C. Richard Hatch and advocacy-inclined city-planner Christopher Tunnard, Chairman of the Department of City Planning of Yale University's School of Art and Architecture between 1966 and 1969. The ARCH was concerned with changing the architect's role and replacing the idea of city building with that of city living. Max Bond, its executive director, believed that "architect[s] should be […] representative[s] of the poor people, responding to their wishes, rather than […] advocate[s] of the white middle class imposing its compartmentalizing values and gridiron street plan upon Black and Spanish-speaking people who have quite other social ideals". The concern about involving neighbourhoods in the planning of their own housing became a central issue in the Department of City Planning at Yale School of Art and Architecture after the appointment of Tunnard as Chairman in 1966. The rejection of urban renewal is related to the conviction that it was incompatible with any kind of socially effective approach to architecture and urban design. Tunnard, who, since 1954, had established City Planning at Yale, largely criticised the involvement of Yale University in urban renewal projects in New Haven. In 1969, a group of students from the Department of City Planning of Yale University's School of Art and Architecture, who marshalled a critique against the university's role in the top-down urban renewal strategies, founded a new governance committee named City Planning Forum, which soon joined the Black Workshop, an activist group formed by ten African American design students in late 1968. My aim is to shed light on the emergence of the advocacy planning movement around 1968 and its aspiration to respond to the fulfilment of needs related to the welfare of society as a whole and the responsibility to provide equal housing opportunities and equal access to public amenities regardless of race, religion, or national origin. ARCH and City Planning Forum's aspiration to democratize urban planning should be understood within the context of the struggle over civil rights for African Americans in the United States in the 1960s. A paradox underlying their efforts is the fact that, despite their intention to broaden opportunities in participation, they were based on policies that maintained the centrality of federal aid and the prominence of professional expertise. My objective is to examine to what extent their strategies were aligned with the ambition of President Johnson's Great Society to renew citizens' role without undermining existing institutions. Special attention is paid to the tension between the intention of advocacy planning approaches to bring equality into the planning process and the risk of being co-opted by a local bureaucracy or a more powerful interest group.

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) is promoted in protected areas of developing countries as a strategy for biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation. The success of CBET initiatives relies on effective participatory management programs that can build up collaborative relationships between key stakeholders – protected area administrative staff and local communities – and foster community empowerment. The performance of CBET participatory management programs, relationships between administrative staff and local community, and the level of community empowerment were previously assessed from the perspective of local communities. This study addresses both the perspectives of local community members and administrative staff, through an interview survey in Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China. This reserve is a key protected area for the conservation of giant panda and other endangered species in China, and is therefore of high priority for the national biodiversity strategy. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to survey 200 local Tibetan villagers and 80 administrative staff members. The results indicate that both staff members and locals support the existing participatory management program - ecotourism development plan (EDP), but locals criticized the sustainable management policy (SMP). Younger, better educated and higher income interviewees were generally most supportive of the EDP and SMP. The relationship between staff members and locals was expressed as problematic with a lack of trust being mentioned as a key issue. The local community is empowered to some extent in economic and environmental dimensions, but not in social, psychological and political dimensions. The CBET generates economic income, but creates problems like inequality of benefit distribution, insufficient social infrastructure, loss of cultural identity, ecological degradation and participation as tokenism. Key factors that hinder the success of CBET from protected area governance and management aspects are a prevalent top-down approach, a mixture of property and operation rights, single sources of funding creating dependencies, a lack of efficient administrative structure and management capacity, and a lack of capacity building programs for the local community. This thesis provides empirical evidence for issues and limitations of policy implications under CBET participatory management programs in a protected area and offers recommendations on how to improve programs in the future. ; Das gemeinschaftsorientierte Ökotourismus-Konzept (CBET) wird in Naturschutzgebieten von Entwicklungsländern als Strategie zur Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt und zur Armutsbekämpfung gefördert. Der Erfolg von CBET-Initiativen beruht auf effektiven partizipativen Managementprogrammen, die den Aufbau von kooperativen Beziehungen zwischen wichtigen Interessengruppen - Verwaltungspersonal von Schutzgebieten und der lokalen Bevölkerung - ermöglichen und die Stärkung der Bevölkerung fördern. Die Leistung von partizipativen CBET-Managementprogrammen, die Beziehungen zwischen Verwaltungspersonal und lokaler Bevölkerung und die Ebene der kommunalen Selbstbestimmung wurden zuvor aus der Sicht der lokalen Bevölkerung bewertet. Diese Studie befasst sich in einer Interviewumfrage sowohl mit den Perspektiven der lokalen Bevölkerung als auch mit den Perspektiven des Verwaltungspersonals im Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve, China. Der Nationalpark ist eines der wichtigsten Schutzgebiete für Riesenpandas und andere gefährdete Tierarten in China und hat daher für die nationale Strategie zur Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt eine hohe Priorität. Bei der Befragung von 200 lokalen tibetischen Dorfbewohnern und 80 Verwaltungsmitarbeitern wurden sowohl qualitative als auch quantitative Ansätze angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die Mitarbeiter der Verwaltung als auch die lokale Bevölkerung das bestehende partizipative Managementprogramm – Ecotourism Development Plan (EDP) – unterstützen, die Einheimischen jedoch gleichzeitig die Sustainable Management Policy (SMP) kritisieren. Jüngere, besser ausgebildete und einkommensstärkere Befragte unterstützten das EDP- und SMP-System grundsätzlich am stärksten. Das Verhältnis zwischen Mitarbeitern und Einheimischen wurde als problematisch eingestuft, wobei der Mangel an Vertrauen als Kernproblem benannt wurde. Die lokale Bevölkerung ist bis zu einem gewissen Grad in wirtschaftlicher und ökologischer Hinsicht befähigt, nicht aber in sozialer, psychologischer und politischer Hinsicht. Das CBET-Konzept generiert wirtschaftliches Einkommen, schafft allerdings gleichzeitig Probleme wie ungleiche Leistungsverteilung, unzureichende soziale Infrastruktur, Verlust der kulturellen Identität. Zudem werden Teilhabe und Partizipation oft als Alibipolitik wahrgenommen. Schlüsselfaktoren, die die erfolgreiche CBET-Umsetzung verhindern, sind der vorherrschende Top-Down-Ansatz, eine Mischung aus Armut und ungleichen Unternehmensrechten, einseitige Finanzierungsquellen, die Abhängigkeiten schaffen, ineffiziente Verwaltungs- und Managementstrukturen und das Fehlen von Programmen zum Kapazitätsaufbau für die lokale Bevölkerung.

У статті висвітлюються основні етапи здобуття незалежності Індонезії та особливості дипломатії індонезійських лідерів на шляху до незалежності. Аналізується позиція ООН під час війни за незалежність Індонезії, а саме здійснено комплексний аналіз засідань Ради Безпеки ООН на яких розглядалось індонезійське питання. Також аналізується роль представників Української РСР у вирішенні даного питання. А саме, охарактеризовано діяльність Д. З. Мануїльського на засіданнях Ради Безпеки ООН під час обговорення війни в Індонезії. Зроблено висновок про те, що саме за посередництва ООН вдалося припинити війну в Індонезії. ; In the article covers the main stages of gaining independence of Indonesia and the peculiarities of the diplomacy of the Indonesian leaders on the path to independence. The position of the United Nations during the Indonesian Independence War is analyzed, in particular, a comprehensive analysis of the UN Security Council's deliberations on the Indonesian issue was carried out.The main thesis of the article is to determine the position of the United Nations during the Indonesian Independence War and to explore the participation of this international organization in the peaceful settlement of the Indonesian-Dutch conflict.The role of representatives of the Ukrainian SSR in solving this issue is analyzed also. Namely, the characterization of D. Z. Manuilsky at meetings of the UN Security Council during the discussion of the war in Indonesia.The scientific novelty is that the historical aspect of UN involvement in the Indonesia-Netherlands conflict has been explored for the first time, since most of the work is written by lawyers or political scientists who, due to the specifics of their research, did not cover the historical aspects to the full extent.In the course of the research, we came to the conclusion, that as a result of the Second World War, Indonesia is witnessing an increase in the national liberation movement against colonial rule. Indonesia's struggle for independence has become a real challenge for both the United Nations and the international community as a whole. From the first days of the military confrontation, the UN tried to call on both parties to cease fire and peacefully resolve the conflict. During 1946-1949, the Indonesian question became the subject of discussion both at the meetings of the UN Security Council and at the meetings of the UN General Assembly. For detailed information on military operations in Indonesia, the UN Security Council created a Consultative Commission on Good Services, which became the main source of information from the Security Council on the situation in the region. It was through the mediation of the UN managed to put an end to the war in Indonesia. In March 1949, the US Congress freezes aid to the Netherlands for the Marshall Plan, the United States and Britain impose an arms embargo, Australia, New Zealand and India announce a complete boycott of Netherlands goods. Having succumbed to international condemnation and realizing the apparent lack ofprospect of a military campaign under the prevailing conditions, in May 1949, the Government of the Netherlands agreed to peace talks under UN mediation.At the insistence of the United Nations, the Netherlands recognized the independence of this country. On December 27, 1949, the Queen of the Netherlands, Julian, signed the decision to grant sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia, which led Indonesia to become an independent state. The Netherlands-Indonesia Union went into oblivion. On September 28, 1950, Indonesia became a member of the United Nations. As its official foreign policy platform, Indonesia proclaimed a policy of non-joining military blocs.

The article deals with the so-called internal colonization as one of the ways of the genesis of perioikic settlements from the point of view of the formation of the perioikia as a specific form of dependency in ancient Sparta. The three ўрпйкЯбй, or colonies, which were founded by the Spartans in Laconia and were in the classical period supposed by the ancient tradition to have the status of perioikoi, are analyzed in detail: Lepreon, Cythera and Gerontrae. It is especially noticed that in all three cases the main and prevailing part of settlers belonged to the dependent population. So, in the case of Lepreon, those were the freed helots, whereas in case of Cythera and Gerontrae, apparently, the perioikoi.The predominant participation in the internal colonization of the dependent categories of the population and, above all, the perioikoi, is confirmed, as it seems, by the social composition of the colonists who took part in the founding of the Spartan colonies outside the borders of Laconia itself. Thus, the Spartan perioikoi definitely participated in the foundation of Heraclea Trachinia in 426 BC. e. and, most likely, in colonial expeditions to Libya and Sicily led by prince Dorieus at the end of VI century BC., whereas the Spartiates in both cases acted as the oikistes only and were very few in numbers. As for the foundation of Taras, the most famous Spartan colony outside the Greece proper, here also the bulk (if not all) of the colonists did not belong to the Spartan citizenry. Therefore, it is concluded that the so-called internal colonization could not be an archetype, the original way of genesis of perioikic settlements and, accordingly, the Spartan perioikia as a specific form of dependency. Rather, it represented a socio-political imitation of the primary way of the genesis of perioikic dependency the forcible appropriation by the Spartiate community of the territory as a result of military expansion. ; В статье рассматривается так называемая внутренняя колонизация как один из путей возникновения периэкских поселений с точки зрения становления периэкии как специфической формы зависимости в древней Спарте. Детальным образом анализируются три сохранившихся в античной традиции случая выведения спартанцами в Лаконии ўрпйкЯбй или колоний, которые в классическую эпоху так или иначе должны были иметь статус периэков: Лепреон, Кифера и Геронтры. Особо отмечается, что во всех трех случаях основную и преобладающую массу переселенцев составляло зависимое население. Так, в случае Лепреона таковыми являлись отпущенные на волю илоты, а в случае Киферы и Геронтр по всей видимости, периэки. Преобладающее участие во внутренней колонизации зависимых категорий населения, и прежде всего периэков, подтверждается, как кажется, социальным составом колонистов, принимавшим участие в основании спартанских колоний вне границ собственно Лаконии. Так, спартанские периэки определенно участвовали в основании Гераклеи Трахинской в 426 г. до н. э. и, с большой долей вероятности, в колониальных экспедициях в Ливию и Сицилию царевича Дориея в конце VI в. до н. э. Собственно же спартиаты и в том и в другом случае выступали лишь в роли ойкистов, причем число их было крайне незначительно. Что же касается основания Тарента, наиболее известной спартанской колонии за пределами собственно Греции, то и здесь основная масса колонистов не являлась спартанскими гражданами. Отсюда делается вывод, что так называемая внутренняя колонизация не могла являться архетипом, изначальным способом возникновения периэкских поселений и, соответственно, спартанской периэкии как специфической формы зависимости. Скорее, она представляла собою своего рода социально-политическую имитацию того основного пути возникновения периэкской зависимости, каковым являлось насильственное присвоение общиной спартиатов территории вследствие военной экспансии.

The article defines that the term "forced migrants" refers to all those persons who, to one degree or another, are either persecuted or suffer from external hostility. Among the most frequent reasons that encourage people to move or seek refuge are several signs, including: the internally displaced person religion, individuals' sexual orientation, and war. Forced migration is a social and economic order phenomenon rather than legal, although in general forced migration refers to the people territorial movement because of persecution, the threat of life loss and loss of person social identification, as well as due to the absence of any possibility of full human participation in various life areas and the impossibility of the their abilities and skills implementation, in conditions where there is no political, economic or other choice. On the study's basis, the main social work directions with internally displaced persons are highlighted: 1) Identification of social and domestic problems of the family seeking help with a view to further socialization. These may be issues of further employment in temporary stay places or payment for child support. But the main task at this stage is the determination of the immigrants' category, who need urgent social assistance; 2) the social support provision and preventive measures in order to avoid delinquent manifestations in places of mass immigrants accommodation. The main task is to satisfy the basic psychological needs for safety, security, acceptance and social approval (to place the victim in a safe environment and to adapt to the environment, establishing successful functioning in society); 3) one of the social work's areas is active cooperation with the media. ; Дослідження присвячено безпрецедентному явищу, яке відбулося в Україні – збройна інтервенція. Вона має соціальні наслідки, які призвели до великої кількості внутрішньо перемішених осіб та порушень прав людини. Таких громадян України зараз називають вимушеними переселенцями, що підкреслює мотиви їх переміщення – вони вимушені залишати свої домівки, щоб зберегти власне життя та життя близьких, щоб уникнути насилля та політично мотивованого переслідування за свої переконання». Вимушеними переселенцями визнаються недобровільні, безповоротні, або поворотні мігранти, у тому числі отримують нове громадянство. Однак у сучасній практиці демографічної статистики біженці та вимушені переселенці найчастіше розглядаються як однозначні поняття. Це пояснюється труднощами визначення мотивацій і юридичного оформлення недобровільних міграцій населення. В статті розглядається вимушена міграція як явище скоріше соціального та економічного порядку, ніж правового, хоча взагалі під вимушеною міграцією мається на увазі територіальне переміщення людей через переслідування, погрози втрати життя і втрати соціальної ідентифікації особистості, а також через відсутність будь-якої можливості повноцінної участі людини в різних сферах життєдіяльності, і неможливості реалізації своїх здібностей і умінь, в умовах, коли відсутній політичний, економічний чи інший вибір. На основі дослідження були виявлено основні напрямки соціальної роботи з внутрішньо переміщеними особами: 1) визначення соціально-побутових проблем сім'ї, що звернулася за допомогою, з метою подальшої соціалізації. Це можуть бути питання подальшого працевлаштування в місцях тимчасового перебування або виплати допомоги на дитину. Але головним завданням на даному етапі – визначення тієї категорії переселенців, які потребують термінової соціальної допомоги; 2) надання соціальної підтримки та проведення превентивних заходів задля уникнення делінквентних проявів у місцях масового розміщення переселенців. Основне завдання – задовольнити базисні психологічні потреби в безпеці, захищеності, прийнятті та соціальному схваленні (помістити потерпілого в безпечну обстановку і адаптувати до середовища, налагодивши успішне функціонування в суспільстві); 3) одним із напрямів соціальної роботи є активна співпраця з засобами масової інформації.

The study aims to identify of the gender relations within the Landless Workers Movement (MST) and if the MST educational process has contributed to the actions and discussions on the topic. This work is part of a project entitled "Theoretical and practical conceptions education and work in the MST" and had the financing CNPQ. In this study, the methodology uses the qualitative approach and the bibliographical research, document and data collection. Data collection consisted of interviews with coordinators of schools in MST settlements and a former leader of the National Movement Gender Sector. As a result, we have identified the development of gender issues in the MST, some progress was made, for example, joint ownership, giving legally women the same rights of ownership and use of land and also the participation of women in 50% of all the Movement's political bodies which required great effort and enhanced process of forming the same. However, remains the great challenge of creating possibilities for greater equality in the division of work and opportunities for women landless. ; El estudio tiene por objetivo identificar a las relaciones de género en el interior del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Sin Tierra y si el proceso educativo del MST ha contribuido a las acciones y discusiones sobre el tema. Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto titulado "Conceptos teórico-prácticos de educación y trabajo en el MST" y contó con el financiamiento del CNPQ. En este estudio, la metodología utiliza el abordaje cualitativo y las investigaciones bibliográfica, documental y la recolección de datos. La recolección de datos consistió en entrevistas con coordinadoras de escuelas ubicadas en asentamientos del MST y una ex dirigente del Sector Nacional de Género del Movimiento. Como resultados, identificamos en el desarrollo de las cuestiones de género en el MST, algunos avances logrados, como por ejemplo la titularidad conjunta, dando legalmente a las mujeres los mismos derechos de tenencia y uso de la tierra y, también, la participación de las mujeres en el 50% de todas las instancias políticas del Movimiento que demandó gran esfuerzo y acentuado proceso de formación de las mismas. Sin embargo, sigue siendo el gran desafío de crear posibilidades de una mayor igualdad en la división del trabajo realizado y de oportunidades para las mujeres sin Tierra. ; O estudo tem por objetivo identificar às relações de gênero no interior do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra e se o processo educativo do MST tem contribuído para as ações e discussões sobre o tema. Este trabalho faz parte de um projeto intitulado "Concepções teórico-práticas de educação e trabalho no MST" e contou com o financiamento do CNPQ. Neste estudo, a metodologia utiliza à abordagem qualitativa e as pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e a coleta de dados. A coleta de dados consistiu em entrevistas com coordenadoras de escolas localizadas em assentamentos do MST e uma ex-dirigente do Setor Nacional de Gênero do Movimento. Como resultados, identificamos no desenvolvimento das questões de gênero no MST, alguns avanços alcançados, como por exemplo, a titularidade conjunta, dando legalmente as mulheres os mesmos direitos de posse e uso da terra e, também a participação das mulheres em 50% de todas as instâncias políticas do Movimento que demandou grande esforço e acentuado processo de formação das mesmas. Entretanto, permanece o grande desafio de criar possibilidades de uma maior igualdade na divisão do trabalho realizado e de oportunidades para as mulheres Sem Terra.

Tese de doutoramento em Gestão, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2019 ; Exame público realizado em 24 de Setembro de 2021 ; Este estudo tem como propósitos fundamentais, validar em que medida as práticas e políticas de gestão de recursos humanos influenciam o desempenho profissional dos docentes em instituições de ensino superior e construir um modelo conceptual da relação existente com base nas abordagens teóricas da gestão estratégica que possam influenciar o desempenho destes nas instituições onde estão inseridos. Em termos metodológicos o trabalho tem duas componentes relevantes: i) a componente teórica suportada pela revisão de literatura e ii) a componente empírica com o desenvolvimento de um estudo exploratório. O estudo apresenta-se como um trabalho motivador à investigação sobre as práticas e políticas de gestão de recursos humanos que se revestem de capital importância para o real desenvolvimento permanente de uma instituição, mormente para as Instituições de Ensino Superior. Posto que, o Ensino Superior tem uma grave responsabilidade sistemática na elaboração das soluções científicas para o desenvolvimento eficiente de uma sociedade. A nível da intervenção organizacional, sublinha-se que a literatura conceptual tem encontrado apoio empírico para afirmar que o envolvimento e participação, dentro da estratégia gestão de recursos humanos, tem preponderância significativa no desempenho profissional dos docentes. A política de remuneração tem uma influência directa e positiva no desempenho profissional dos docentes, com grande relevância nas condições de trabalho, com preponderância na remuneração. A estratégia da gestão de recursos humanos, no âmbito do recrutamento e selecção, da formação e carreira e do planeamento e organização tem influência no desempenho profissional dos docentes em instituições de ensino superior em Angola. Do ponto de visto metodológico, salienta-se que foi feita a caracterização das práticas políticas de gestão de recursos humanos declaradas ou prescritas em quatro Instituições de Ensino Superior (duas públicas e duas privadas) em Angola, descrevendo as percepções que os docentes têm das práticas e políticas de gestão de recursos humanos em uso nas organizações em que trabalham. ; This study has as fundamental purposes, to validate to which extent human resource management practices and policies influence the professional performance of teachers in higher education institutions and to build a conceptual model of the existing relationship based on theoretical approaches to strategic management that may influence their performance in the institutions where they operate. In methodological terms, the work has two relevant components: i) the theoretical component supported by the literature review and ii) the empirical component with the development of an exploratory study. The study presents itself as a motivating work for research on human resource management practices and policies that are of fundamental importance for the real permanent development of an institution, especially for Higher Education Institutions. Since, Higher Education has a serious systematic responsibility in the elaboration of scientific solutions for the efficient development of a society. In terms of organizational intervention, it is emphasized that the conceptual literature has found empirical support to affirm that the involvement and participation, within the human resources management strategy, has a significant preponderance in the professional performance of teachers. The remuneration policy has a direct and positive influence on the professional performance of teachers, with great relevance in working conditions, with a preponderance in remuneration. The strategy of human resources management, in the scope of recruitment and selection, training and career and planning and organization has an influence on the professional performance of teachers in higher education institutions in Angola. From a methodological point of view, it is emphasized that the characterization of the political practices of human resources management declared or prescribed in two public and two private higher education institutions in Angola was described, describing the perceptions that teachers have from the practices and human resource management policies in use in the organizations in which they work.