Suchergebnisse

In this essay, fundamental milestones of the scientific and social institutionalization of Medicine in Barquisimeto in the period between 1870 and 1980 are addressed, giving emphasis to the foundation of the Charity Hospital (1877) and its relation to the origins of the medical studies in the region. The role of physicians Luis Razetti and Antonio Maria Pineda stands out in the times of the first local hospital in the XIX century and the creation of the First-Category School of Barquisimeto by the National Executive, in which university certificates in Medicine are authorized to be awarded. Once, it was closed in 1904, the medical knowledge does not disappear, but opens its path towards the Medicine and Surgery Society as well as the organizational and administrative progress of Antonio Maria Pineda Hospital created in1954. The impetus given by the Society of Friends of Barquisimeto, civil society, the political, religious, and economic powers made it possible that on September 22, 1962, the national Government created the Experimental Center of Superior Studies (CEDES), where the academic and administrative structure of the university training of physicians will be formalized until 1969 with the founding of the Experimental University of the Central-Western Region (URCO). Indicators of institutionalization, academic formation and social organization as an agency for the development of medical studies in Barquisimeto are analyzed with the method of the social history and documentary critique. The sources come from the regional historiography and Scientific Bulletin from the Charity Hospital (1877-1918). As a conclusion, we support the relevance of the participation of local society and leadership of the doctors in the scientific and social institutionalization of the medicine for the urban development of the region, both the period 1877-1954 and the period 1962-1980 ; En este ensayo se abordan los hitos fundamentales de la institucionalización científica y social de la medicina en Barquisimeto, en el período 1870-1980, haciendo énfasis en la fundación del Hospital de Caridad (1877) y su relación con los orígenes de los estudios médicos en la región. Se destaca el rol de los médicos Luis Razetti y Antonio María Pineda en la época del primer hospital local del siglo XIX y la creación por parte del Ejecutivo Nacional del Colegio de Primera Categoría de Barquisimeto, en el que se autoriza otorgar títulos universitarios en Medicina. Clausurada esta institución en 1904, el saber médico no desaparece, se abre camino en la Sociedad de Medicina y Cirugía y en el progreso organizativo y administrativo del Hospital Antonio María Pineda creado en 1954. El impulso dado por la Sociedad Amigos de Barquisimeto, la sociedad civil, poderes políticos, religiosos y económicos hicieron posible que el 22 de septiembre de 1962, el Gobierno nacional creara el Centro Experimental de Estudios Superiores (CEDES), donde se formalizará la estructura académica y administrativa de la formación universitaria de médicos hasta desembocar en 1969 con la fundación de la Universidad Experimental de la Región Centroccidental (URCO). Con el método de la historia social y la crítica documental, se analizan los indicadores de institucionalización, formación académica y organización social como agencia del desarrollo de los estudios médicos en Barquisimeto. Las fuentes provienen de la historiografía regional y del Boletín Científico del Hospital de Caridad (1877-1918). A modo de conclusión, sostenemos la relevancia de la participación de la sociedad local y el liderazgo de los médicos en la institucionalización científica y social de la medicina para el desarrollourbano de la región, tanto en el momento que va de 1877 a 1954, como en el período de 1962 a 1980.

Urgency of the research. Creation of new economic, political and social conditions for the existence of society requires new approaches to the solution of the tasks set for science and production. Therefore, one of the directions of development of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine is the support of branch organizations and academies. Target setting. It is known that the Academy implements its creative tasks through the development of scientific and technical programs, the execution of state orders, R & D, participation in international projects, the implementation of contractual works by creative teams, seminars and conferences, etc. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issue of the development of the Academy was considered in the work of its president, professor Talanchuk P. M., professor Ilchenko M. Yu., professor Strutynsky V. B. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Formation of the strategy and program of development of the Academy is a priority task in the modern economic conditions for adaptation and adjustment of domestic scientific. The research objective. The task of the article is in forming the strategic directions of development of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine in order to meet the demand of the Ukrainian society for the training of modern engineer-engineers in the field of mechanical engineering, which possesses modern knowledge, methodology and methods of scientific research. The statement of basic materials. The paper considers the development of a public organization of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine. It is determined that the establishment of branch academies is another step in integrating the Ukrainian scientific. The strategic directions of the academy movement for solving the tasks set, proposals were made for the integration of domestic scientists into the world system of scientific personnel training were substantiated. Conclusion. The program of development of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine is an internal document that embodied the experience of the members of the academy, their vision of ways of development in the conditions of formation of the information society and modern technical and economic transformations. ; Актуальність теми дослідження. Створення нових економічних, політичних і соціальних умов існування суспільства вимагає нових підходів щодо рішення поставлених завдань перед наукою і виробництвом. Тому одним з напрямів розвитку академії інженерних наук України є підтримка галузевих організацій та академій. Постановка проблеми. Відомо, що реалізація своїх творчих завдань Академія здійснює через розробку науково-технічних програм, виконання держзамовлень, НДДКР, участь у міжнародних проектах, виконання договірних робіт творчими колективами, проведення семінарів і конференцій тощо. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Питання розвитку академії розглянуто в робота її президента профессора Таланчука П. М., професора Ільченка М. Ю., професора Струтинського В. Б. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Формування стратегії та програма розвитку Академії є пріоритетною задачею для адаптації та корегування вітчизняних наукових досліджень до світових та загальноєвропейських вимог. Постановка завдання. В роботі поставлено завдання формування стратегічних напрямків розвитку академії інженерних наук України для задоволення попиту українського суспільства на підготовку сучасних фахівців-інженерів у галузі машинобудування, які володіють сучасними знаннями, методологією і методами наукових досліджень. Виклад основного матеріалу. В роботі розглянуто питання розвитку громадської організації академії інженерних наук України. Визначено, що створення галузевих академій є ще одним кроком інтеграції українського наукового суспільства. Обґрунтовано стратегічні напрямки руху академії для вирішення поставлених задач, зроблені пропозиції щодо інтеграції вітчизняних науковців в світову систему підготовки наукових кадрів. Висновки. Програма розвитку академії інженерних наук України є внутрішнім документом, що втілив у собі досвід членів академії, їх бачення шляхів розвитку в умовах формування інформаційного суспільства та сучасних техніко-економічних перетворень.

This paper is the product of a pedagogical practice developed in 2016 in a non-conventional education setting: the José Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden in Bogotá. The main purpose of the practice was to analyze the knowledge about biodiversity in a group of students engaged in the Environmental Social Service, through the design and implementation of a pedagogical strategy. This three-stage study followed an interpretative methodology, as stated by Ramírez (2012), using a qualitative approach (González Monteagudo, 2001). In the exploratory stage, the researcher approached the context and the population. In the analytical stage, he introduced the students' knowledge about biodiversity. Finally, in the propositive stage, he applied the pedagogical strategy. One of the main results was the polysemic conceptualization of biodiversity, centered on the variability of life-forms. This concept has an impact on the political, economic, social, and educational fields. On the other hand, the author encourages readers to reflect upon the possibilities to turn to non-conventional settings, and think about new analysis and participation contexts for biology teachers. ; El presente artículo de investigación se construye a partir de la experiencia y los resultados de la práctica pedagógica desarrollada durante el 2016 en un escenario de educación no convencional: El Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis, en Bogotá. La práctica tuvo como objetivo principal el análisis de los saberes en relación con la biodiversidad en un grupo de estudiantes participantes del Servicio Social Ambiental, mediante la construcción e implementación de una estrategia pedagógica fundamentada en temas relacionados con la biodiversidad. Se siguió una metodología interpretativa, de acuerdo con los planteamientos de Ramírez (2012), con un enfoque cualitativo (González Monteagudo, 2001). El estudio está estructurado en tres fases. Una fase exploratoria, que implica el acercamiento del investigador al contexto y la población; una fase analítica, que considera la caracterización de los saberes en torno a la biodiversidad; y finalmente una fase propositiva, que pone en escena la estrategia pedagógica. Entre las conclusiones se destaca una conceptualización polisémica de la biodiversidad, centrada en la variabilidad de formas de vida, con implicaciones políticas, económicas, sociales y educativas. Respecto a los escenarios no convencionales, se insta a cuestionarse por sus posibilidades y la configuración de nuevos marcos de análisis y participación para los maestros de biología. ; Este artigo de pesquisa baseia-se na experiência e nos resultados da prática pedagógica desenvolvida ao longo de 2016 em um cenário de educação não convencional: o Jardim Botânico José Celestino Mutis, em Bogotá. A prática teve como objetivo principal a análise do conhecimento em relação à biodiversidade em um grupo de estudantes participantes do Serviço Social Ambiental, através da construção e implementação de uma estratégia pedagógica baseada em questões relacionadas à biodiversidade. Foi adotada uma metodologia interpretativa, de acordo com Ramírez (2012), com abordagem qualitativa (González Monteagudo, 2001). O estudo está estruturado em três fases. Uma fase exploratória, que implica a abordagem do pesquisador quanto ao contexto e à população; uma fase analítica, que considera a caracterização do conhecimento sobre biodiversidade; e, finalmente, uma fase proativa, que coloca a estratégia pedagógica em cena. Entre as conclusões, destaca-se uma conceitualização polissêmica da biodiversidade, com foco na variabilidade das formas de vida, com implicações políticas, econômicas, sociais e educacionais. Em relação aos cenários não convencionais, recomenda-se questionar suas possibilidades e a configuração de novas estruturas de análise e participação para professores de biologia.

The article defines that the term "forced migrants" refers to all those persons who, to one degree or another, are either persecuted or suffer from external hostility. Among the most frequent reasons that encourage people to move or seek refuge are several signs, including: the internally displaced person religion, individuals' sexual orientation, and war. Forced migration is a social and economic order phenomenon rather than legal, although in general forced migration refers to the people territorial movement because of persecution, the threat of life loss and loss of person social identification, as well as due to the absence of any possibility of full human participation in various life areas and the impossibility of the their abilities and skills implementation, in conditions where there is no political, economic or other choice. On the study's basis, the main social work directions with internally displaced persons are highlighted: 1) Identification of social and domestic problems of the family seeking help with a view to further socialization. These may be issues of further employment in temporary stay places or payment for child support. But the main task at this stage is the determination of the immigrants' category, who need urgent social assistance; 2) the social support provision and preventive measures in order to avoid delinquent manifestations in places of mass immigrants accommodation. The main task is to satisfy the basic psychological needs for safety, security, acceptance and social approval (to place the victim in a safe environment and to adapt to the environment, establishing successful functioning in society); 3) one of the social work's areas is active cooperation with the media. ; Дослідження присвячено безпрецедентному явищу, яке відбулося в Україні – збройна інтервенція. Вона має соціальні наслідки, які призвели до великої кількості внутрішньо перемішених осіб та порушень прав людини. Таких громадян України зараз називають вимушеними переселенцями, що підкреслює мотиви їх переміщення – вони вимушені залишати свої домівки, щоб зберегти власне життя та життя близьких, щоб уникнути насилля та політично мотивованого переслідування за свої переконання». Вимушеними переселенцями визнаються недобровільні, безповоротні, або поворотні мігранти, у тому числі отримують нове громадянство. Однак у сучасній практиці демографічної статистики біженці та вимушені переселенці найчастіше розглядаються як однозначні поняття. Це пояснюється труднощами визначення мотивацій і юридичного оформлення недобровільних міграцій населення. В статті розглядається вимушена міграція як явище скоріше соціального та економічного порядку, ніж правового, хоча взагалі під вимушеною міграцією мається на увазі територіальне переміщення людей через переслідування, погрози втрати життя і втрати соціальної ідентифікації особистості, а також через відсутність будь-якої можливості повноцінної участі людини в різних сферах життєдіяльності, і неможливості реалізації своїх здібностей і умінь, в умовах, коли відсутній політичний, економічний чи інший вибір. На основі дослідження були виявлено основні напрямки соціальної роботи з внутрішньо переміщеними особами: 1) визначення соціально-побутових проблем сім'ї, що звернулася за допомогою, з метою подальшої соціалізації. Це можуть бути питання подальшого працевлаштування в місцях тимчасового перебування або виплати допомоги на дитину. Але головним завданням на даному етапі – визначення тієї категорії переселенців, які потребують термінової соціальної допомоги; 2) надання соціальної підтримки та проведення превентивних заходів задля уникнення делінквентних проявів у місцях масового розміщення переселенців. Основне завдання – задовольнити базисні психологічні потреби в безпеці, захищеності, прийнятті та соціальному схваленні (помістити потерпілого в безпечну обстановку і адаптувати до середовища, налагодивши успішне функціонування в суспільстві); 3) одним із напрямів соціальної роботи є активна співпраця з засобами масової інформації.

Since its introduction, Cohesion Policy has been the primary tool for the reduction of economic, social and territorial disparities across regions of Europe and the key redistributive mechanism in support to the less developed areas. Despite the statistical indicators register a trend towards European convergence, disparities of many different kinds between regions remain wide (European Commission, 2014) and the EU enlargement reinforced the regional territorial imbalances (Bartkowska and Riedl, 2012). The effects of the Cohesion Policy on the convergence processes have been thoroughly investigated (Islam, 2003; Farole et al., 2011) and policy evaluations hold mixed results about the magnitude of its impact with great heterogeneity depending on the country – or the regions – of implementation (Rodríguez-Pose and Fratesi, 2004; Cuadrado-Roura, 2010). Notably, there is increasing agreement on the fact that domestic factors profoundly influence the way the Cohesion Policy is shaped and the effectiveness and impact of its funding. Weaknesses in terms of social and economic development, territorial capital, political stability, quality of institutions and government, administrative capacity, and national legislative framework might have limited the effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy (Surubaru, 2017; Milio, 2007, 2014; Rodríguez-Pose & Garcilazo, 2015; Fratesi and Perucca, 2018). The Cohesion Policy represented one-third of the EU budget for the 2007-2013 programming period and its delivery system implies an architectural design that is multilevel in nature. Multilevel governance has been a central cornerstone of the European regional policy since the 1990s and, despite the lack of agreement on a common definition, the concept is generally understood as «the participation of a range of different types of actors (public, private and societal) in policy-making and implementation through formal and informal means» (European Parliament, 2014). In this framework, the regional and local authorities have been recognised a growing role in planning and implementing the policy, thus favouring a citizens' perception of Europe that is local-driven. In other words, when individuals think of Europe, they usually do it from a local point of view and they are influenced by the direct observation of Cohesion projects in their territories (PERCEIVE, Deliverable 2.2). That is to say, the European integration outcomes also increasingly depend on how national, regional and local governments manage and implement the policies. Therefore, a rich strain of literature has recently started to investigate whether the intensity and the efficient implementation of the Cohesion Policy can contribute to improve citizens' support and stimulate positive attitudes towards the EU (Dellmut and Chalmers, 2018). Although the extant literature is not conclusive, and any causal implication should be avoided, the empirical evidence seems to point toward some significant positive relation characterized by a "learning effect" (Dall'Erba and Fang, 2017). Nevertheless, the effect may vary conditional on specific regional characteristics, the amount of EU funds allocated and the distribution of the socio-economic groups. All in all, we believe that the efficient use of the Structural Funds allocated to a region can indeed favour a more positive perception of the EU both directly and through its positive effect on economic growth. Overall, this framework suggests the adoption of a European strategic approach to regional development which builds upon the differentiated territorial characteristics in a multidimensional perspective. In the end, the strategic approach should translate in a tailored policy-mix based on integrated programmes – in terms of funds, objectives and governance level – to help maintain the sustainability of the policy action through long-term development.

Urgency of the research. Creation of new economic, political and social conditions for the existence of society requires new approaches to the solution of the tasks set for science and production. Therefore, one of the directions of development of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine is the support of branch organizations and academies. Target setting. It is known that the Academy implements its creative tasks through the development of scientific and technical programs, the execution of state orders, R & D, participation in international projects, the implementation of contractual works by creative teams, seminars and conferences, etc. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issue of the development of the Academy was considered in the work of its president, professor Talanchuk P. M., professor Ilchenko M. Yu., professor Strutynsky V. B. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Formation of the strategy and program of development of the Academy is a priority task in the modern economic conditions for adaptation and adjustment of domestic scientific. The research objective. The task of the article is in forming the strategic directions of development of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine in order to meet the demand of the Ukrainian society for the training of modern engineer-engineers in the field of mechanical engineering, which possesses modern knowledge, methodology and methods of scientific research. The statement of basic materials. The paper considers the development of a public organization of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine. It is determined that the establishment of branch academies is another step in integrating the Ukrainian scientific. The strategic directions of the academy movement for solving the tasks set, proposals were made for the integration of domestic scientists into the world system of scientific personnel training were substantiated. Conclusion. The program of development of the Academy of Engineering Sciences of Ukraine is an internal document that embodied the experience of the members of the academy, their vision of ways of development in the conditions of formation of the information society and modern technical and economic transformations. ; Актуальність теми дослідження. Створення нових економічних, політичних і соціальних умов існування суспільства вимагає нових підходів щодо рішення поставлених завдань перед наукою і виробництвом. Тому одним з напрямів розвитку академії інженерних наук України є підтримка галузевих організацій та академій. Постановка проблеми. Відомо, що реалізація своїх творчих завдань Академія здійснює через розробку науково-технічних програм, виконання держзамовлень, НДДКР, участь у міжнародних проектах, виконання договірних робіт творчими колективами, проведення семінарів і конференцій тощо. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Питання розвитку академії розглянуто в робота її президента профессора Таланчука П. М., професора Ільченка М. Ю., професора Струтинського В. Б. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Формування стратегії та програма розвитку Академії є пріоритетною задачею для адаптації та корегування вітчизняних наукових досліджень до світових та загальноєвропейських вимог. Постановка завдання. В роботі поставлено завдання формування стратегічних напрямків розвитку академії інженерних наук України для задоволення попиту українського суспільства на підготовку сучасних фахівців-інженерів у галузі машинобудування, які володіють сучасними знаннями, методологією і методами наукових досліджень. Виклад основного матеріалу. В роботі розглянуто питання розвитку громадської організації академії інженерних наук України. Визначено, що створення галузевих академій є ще одним кроком інтеграції українського наукового суспільства. Обґрунтовано стратегічні напрямки руху академії для вирішення поставлених задач, зроблені пропозиції щодо інтеграції вітчизняних науковців в світову систему підготовки наукових кадрів. Висновки. Програма розвитку академії інженерних наук України є внутрішнім документом, що втілив у собі досвід членів академії, їх бачення шляхів розвитку в умовах формування інформаційного суспільства та сучасних техніко-економічних перетворень.

У статті висвітлюються основні етапи здобуття незалежності Індонезії та особливості дипломатії індонезійських лідерів на шляху до незалежності. Аналізується позиція ООН під час війни за незалежність Індонезії, а саме здійснено комплексний аналіз засідань Ради Безпеки ООН на яких розглядалось індонезійське питання. Також аналізується роль представників Української РСР у вирішенні даного питання. А саме, охарактеризовано діяльність Д. З. Мануїльського на засіданнях Ради Безпеки ООН під час обговорення війни в Індонезії. Зроблено висновок про те, що саме за посередництва ООН вдалося припинити війну в Індонезії. ; In the article covers the main stages of gaining independence of Indonesia and the peculiarities of the diplomacy of the Indonesian leaders on the path to independence. The position of the United Nations during the Indonesian Independence War is analyzed, in particular, a comprehensive analysis of the UN Security Council's deliberations on the Indonesian issue was carried out.The main thesis of the article is to determine the position of the United Nations during the Indonesian Independence War and to explore the participation of this international organization in the peaceful settlement of the Indonesian-Dutch conflict.The role of representatives of the Ukrainian SSR in solving this issue is analyzed also. Namely, the characterization of D. Z. Manuilsky at meetings of the UN Security Council during the discussion of the war in Indonesia.The scientific novelty is that the historical aspect of UN involvement in the Indonesia-Netherlands conflict has been explored for the first time, since most of the work is written by lawyers or political scientists who, due to the specifics of their research, did not cover the historical aspects to the full extent.In the course of the research, we came to the conclusion, that as a result of the Second World War, Indonesia is witnessing an increase in the national liberation movement against colonial rule. Indonesia's struggle for independence has become a real challenge for both the United Nations and the international community as a whole. From the first days of the military confrontation, the UN tried to call on both parties to cease fire and peacefully resolve the conflict. During 1946-1949, the Indonesian question became the subject of discussion both at the meetings of the UN Security Council and at the meetings of the UN General Assembly. For detailed information on military operations in Indonesia, the UN Security Council created a Consultative Commission on Good Services, which became the main source of information from the Security Council on the situation in the region. It was through the mediation of the UN managed to put an end to the war in Indonesia. In March 1949, the US Congress freezes aid to the Netherlands for the Marshall Plan, the United States and Britain impose an arms embargo, Australia, New Zealand and India announce a complete boycott of Netherlands goods. Having succumbed to international condemnation and realizing the apparent lack ofprospect of a military campaign under the prevailing conditions, in May 1949, the Government of the Netherlands agreed to peace talks under UN mediation.At the insistence of the United Nations, the Netherlands recognized the independence of this country. On December 27, 1949, the Queen of the Netherlands, Julian, signed the decision to grant sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia, which led Indonesia to become an independent state. The Netherlands-Indonesia Union went into oblivion. On September 28, 1950, Indonesia became a member of the United Nations. As its official foreign policy platform, Indonesia proclaimed a policy of non-joining military blocs.

Malyi I.Y., Koroliuk T.O. INFORMATIZATION OF SOCIETY AND PUBLIC ECONOMIC SECURITY ADMINISTRATIONPurpose. The aim of the article is description of the interdependencies of the development of informatization of society and the improvement of public administration in overcoming the economic threats to the existence of the state of Ukraine.Methodology of research. Achieving this goal is based on the use of the research methodology of the innovative and informational type of economic development and public (state) management. The following specific methods are used: systematic – to disclose the directions of the influence of information transformation on all spheres of the functioning of society; ecumenical (interdisciplinary) – to disclose institutional changes in public administration due to new threats to territorial integrity and economic security; analysis – to characterize the trends in the application of information technology in economics and management; statistical methods – to assess the magnitude of economic threats to the functioning of society and the substantiation of anti-crisis measures by the state.Findings. It is established that the study of the interaction between informatization of society and new public administration for the purpose of localization of economic threats to statehood necessarily implies the use of systematic analysis, ecumenical (interdisciplinary) approach, theories of institutional changes and systemic crisis of civilization. The principles of the mechanism of interaction "informatization of society – new public administration – guarantees of national economic security" are substantiated, based on the following logic: the fundamental instinct of self-preservation of the person leads them to unification in the state as the highest and long-lasting social, legal, political and economic forms of joint activity of people; and the state, first and foremost protecting the interests of the people who shape the public interest as a whole, is obliged to protect them as national in the international arena, including national economic security. It is proved that the rapid development of information transformation and new innovative products in the economy undermines the hierarchy of relationships, contributes to the active expansion of network structures that radically change human values, the format of interaction of citizens (consumers) with business and the state, puts new requirements for the game from the state. It is revealed that the new public administration is characterized by productivity, marketing approach to studying the needs of citizens and threats to their lives; decentralization; reporting on the results that is possible under the conditions of introduction of electronic governance and changes in the legislative field. It is substantiated that strategic goals of implementation of electronic government are overcoming information inequality, restructuring of relations with citizens, improvement of technology of public management and administration in order to ensure transparency, accessibility and convenience of receiving public services by citizens, which opens the possibility of their real participation in making public management decisions in order to localize corruption, shadowing, raiding as factors of economic threats to statehood.Originality. The scientific novelty of the study is to substantiate the author's approach to the dialectics of the interaction of "informatization of society – the new public administration – national economic security" in the context of continuous information transformation, institutional changes and global challenges.Practical value. The theoretical approaches developed by the authors to the analysis of the influence of informatization of society, new public administration and national economic security can become the fundamental basis for the development of anti-crisis policies in Ukraine with the aim of ensuring territorial integrity, the safety of citizens and their well-being.Key words: informatization of society; new public administration; economic security; state sovereignty; openness; transparency; electronic governance.

The article is devoted to the defining of the phenomena of Ukrainian cultural movement of the 19th century, when under conditions of comprehensive Russification of the Ukrainian community and the influence of the Church Slavonic language as well as of complete lack of education in the native language, the processes of creation of the Ukrainian literary language took place. The new Ukrainian spelling was established, the struggle for teaching in schools in the Ukrainian language was intensified, various styles, and lot of genres of literature in the native language were developed. These searches and comprehension by advanced representatives of political, cultural and social life are considered. It is determined that the spirit of romanticism, European revolutions, the abolition of serfdom, scientific and industrial shifts gave birth to a galaxy of unique Ukrainian thinkers, scientific societies, writers, etc. Among them, Panteleimon Oleksandrovich Kulish (1819-1997) was a significant person due to his energy, ability to organize a business, multifaceted talent, profound knowledge. One of the resonance works of the diverse creative heritage P.O. Kulisha is studied in the article, that is a book for initial education in native language − the "Grammar" of the Ukrainian language, which was highly appreciated by T. Shevchenko. Its structure, the content of each part, the pedagogical role as well as the concept of the author, manifested in its preface and the final part were described. The study emphasizes that in the processes of creating a new literary Ukrainian language, its spelling, writing textbooks, grammars in Ukrainian for initials education, two periods are noticeable: the first one – the 20-30th years of the 19th century, when the problems of the necessity of a new literary language arose, the new literature, preservation of the ethnographic, folklore heritage of the people, the second one – the 40-60th-years was the period of active participation of a new generation of Ukrainian thinkers in the development of the Ukrainian literary language, the creation of new spelling, new literature for primary education in native Ukrainian language. The role of "Grammar" in the formation of a new Ukrainian literary language and its phonetic spelling, in the formation of education in the Ukrainian language, the creation of textbooks in the Ukrainian literary language, and the development of Ukrainian writing are underlined. The emphasis was also put on the introduction of the author's, phonetic spelling, the so-called "Kulishivka" in the "Grammar", which is the basis of the modern Ukrainian spelling. Despite the prohibition of "Valuevsky (1863)" and "Yamsky (1876)" decrees, books and newspapers, although very limited were published in Ukrainian. The article also highlights the following discourses: the role of "Grammar" wrote by P. Kulish (the theory and practice of creating a Ukrainian literary language, the new Ukrainian spelling, which caused the intensification of imperial repressions) and its contemporary significance for the new Ukrainian space of ideas, meanings, communication, methods of publications in the Ukrainian language, as well as some grammatical factors of the theory or history of writing: the language of sound - the language of the book: thinking - writing, writing - thinking; sound - letter, letter - sound; "science of reading" - writing, etc. Comparison of discourses contributes to the conclusion that the development of the living language, sound of language during writing has been improved so complex and multifaceted in the 19th century that passed later in the 20th century, and even in the 21st century remain controversial, as evidenced by the lengthy discussion of the "Project of the New Ukrainian spelling".

The Alberta government has stated that it wants to make significant changes to the supply of electricity to the current electrical grid for the province. These changes include the phasing out of coal generation by 2030, the supply of 30 per cent of electricity from renewables by 2030 and the introduction of a socalled capacity market in addition to the current electrical energy market. The achievement of these objectives will require a number of fundamental changes to the existing electrical grid. This paper provides an overall description of these changes. The paper first examines the current grid structure in which coal and gas provide the base load supply in the amount of 90 per cent of electricity demand, and renewables are a relatively small source of supply for the remaining 10 per cent. It then reviews the current simple energy market in Alberta that uses a single price auction to determine the wholesale price of electricity. The paper then notes that the achievement of these changes will require a large amount of investment in the next 15 years to create new generating capacity that currently does not exist. The Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) has forecast that by 2032, Alberta will need an additional 7,000 megawatts of gas generation, 5,000 megawatts of wind, 700 megawatts of solar and 350 megawatts of hydro. To put this in context, the Ontario grid currently has 4,213 megawatts of wind (11 per cent of total generating capacity) and 380 megawatts of solar (one per cent of generating capacity). The Alberta government has made two fundamental changes in the electricity market to make this happen. First, it has introduced a Renewable Energy Program (REP) to incent investment in renewables. They asked industry to bid on a 20 year contract for supply of electricity that offered a guaranteed fixed price that was independent of the existing wholesale market. The first round of bidding (REP 1) announced in December 2017 resulted in 600 megawatts of new wind capacity at prices below expectations. No solar proposals were accepted in REP 1, a result that may cause the Alberta government to make new proposals (details still to come) that may permit solar participation. Two new rounds for 2018 (REP 2 for 300 megawatts and REP 3 for 400 megawatts) have requested bids on a similar basis. The one new feature is that REP 2 is limited to investors with an Indigenous equity position of at least 25 per cent. Second, the Alberta government has proposed to introduce a capacity market that would compensate electricity suppliers for merely creating capacity to supply. The capacity market was requested by industry and was announced by the Government of Alberta in November 2016. It is intended to give additional compensation over and above the energy market compensation in order to make it economic for investment in future renewables if the REP guaranteed price structure is terminated, and in future base load and backup gas generation. The paper then describes one possible solution using new storage battery technology as a means of providing backup generation for renewables. Finally, the paper contrasts the proposed Alberta electrical grid with the current Ontario electrical grid. It notes that the current high electricity prices in Ontario have become a high profile political issue there, since consumers are paying all electricity costs. In contrast, the Alberta government has also stated that retail electricity prices will be capped at 6.8 cents per kilowatt hour until 2021. If retail rates exceed that amount, the Alberta government will use carbon tax revenues to pay the difference.

This thesis focuses on the making of globalized trade routes in Tunisia, based on the study of the supply of marketplaces that are specialized in the so-called "parallel trade". These marketplaces are located at the end of transnational trade routes which import everyday consumer products in the country. First, it proceeds on the basis that transnational trade economy in Tunisia is organized as a labile network. This network articulates marketplaces, including those located in Central Tunis and in Ben Gardane, two trading hubs that have emerged from local and territorialized processes. Starting from these places makes it possible to highlight the professional trajectories of their tradesmen, and to demonstrate how the latter have developed their business relationships. The thesis thus reveals a network of marketplaces that shapes transnational import into the country, through Tunisian ports and border regions. The thesis then examines the effects of the Tunisian Revolution on this markets network, more closely at the level of customs barrier bypass devices used by the flow of goods. The political change in 2011 thus reveals the participation of former President Ben Ali's regime in trade economy, yet presented as informal economy. Moreover, with the regime's collapse, trade relationships, commercial activities and trade routes have been reshaped, thereby pointing out that "parallel trade" has become a governance issue in Tunisia during the period of democratic transition. Finally, the thesis considers the formal analysis of these networks. It thus aims to lay the foundations for a geography of social and spatial networks by taking into account, on the one hand, the actors' social relationships and their role into the organization of commercial relations, and on the other hand, the identification and analysis of marketplaces networks. ; Cette thèse s'intéresse à la fabrique des routes marchandes mondialisées en Tunisie, à partir de l'étude des approvisionnements des marchés du commerce dit « parallèle », installés aux débouchés de routes transnationales d'échange de biens banals. Elle explore d'abord le postulat d'une organisation réticulaire et labile de l'économie marchande transnationale en Tunisie. Ce réseau articule des places marchandes, notamment celles situées au centre de Tunis et à Ben Gardane, qui forment des nœuds d'échange nés de processus locaux et territorialisés. Partir de ces lieux permet de mettre en évidence les trajectoires professionnelles des commerçants, modestes à l'origine, et de démontrer comment ces derniers sont parvenus à développer leurs relations d'affaires. La thèse met ainsi à jour un réseau de marchés qui structure l'importation transnationale dans le pays, via ses ports et ses régions frontalières. La thèse examine ensuite les effets de la révolution tunisienne sur ce réseau de marchés, en particulier au niveau des dispositifs de contournement des barrières douanières que les flux de marchandises empruntent. Le changement politique survenu en 2011 agit comme un révélateur des implications du régime de l'ancien président Ben Ali dans une économie marchande pourtant présentée comme « parallèle ». Plus encore, sous l'effet de l'effondrement du régime, les relations marchandes, les activités, et les itinéraires empruntés se recomposent, montrant ainsi que le « commerce parallèle » est devenu un enjeu de gouvernance dans la Tunisie en transition. Enfin, la thèse entreprend une réflexion sur l'analyse formelle de ces réseaux. L'enjeu est alors de poser les jalons d'une géographie des réseaux sociaux et spatiaux, à travers la prise en compte des relations sociales des acteurs dans la structuration des relations commerciales, et l'identification et l'analyse de réseaux de marchés.

Pasal 5 Ayat (1) Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh Nomor 4 Tahun 1994 tentang Pendirian Perusahaan Daerah Pembangunan Aceh menyatakan bahwa Perusahaan Daerah didirikan dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah, turut berperan serta dalam pengembangan perekonomian daerah, memperluas pemerataan pembangunan dan hasilnya. Pengaturan penyertaan modal pemerintah Aceh tertuang juga dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 16 Tahun 2013 tentang Penyertaan Modal Pemerintah Aceh Pada Badan Usaha Milik Aceh, Penyertaan Modal Pemerintah Aceh adalah pengalihan kepemilikan kekayaan Aceh yang semula merupakan kekayaan yang tidak dipisahkan menjadi kekayaan yang dipisahkan untuk diperhitungkan sebagai modal Aceh pada Badan Usaha Milik Daerah dengan prinsip saling menguntungkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis alasan pemerintah Aceh dalam melakukan penyertaan modal pada Perusahaan Daerah Pembangunan Aceh, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis legalitas penyertaan modal Pemerintah Aceh pada Perusahaan Daerah Pembangunan Aceh, serta untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana tanggungjawab Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh sehubungan dengan penyertaan modal pada Perusahaan Daerah Pembangunan Aceh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif) dan yuridis empiris dengan mengunakan data primer, data sekunder dan tersier. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama, adanya alasan hukum dan alasan politis Pemerintah Aceh dalam mempertahankan eksistensi Perusahaan Daerah Pembangunan Aceh, kedua, penyertaan modal Pemerintah Aceh pada PDPA mempunyai legal standing yang jelas, namun demikian, masih terdapat kelemahan-kelemahan dalam pengawasan. Ketiga, Pemerintah Aceh bertanggung jawab terhadap kekurangan penyertaan modal pada PDPA sebagaimana yang telah diatur dalam Perda Nomor 4 Tahun 1994 Tentang pendirian PDPA, mengingat modal tersebut sangat diperlukan agar kegiatan operasional perusahaan dapat berjalan dengan lancar.Article 5 (1) of Local Law on Special Region of Aceh Province Number 4, 1994 regarding the Establishment of Local Enterprise of Pembangunan Aceh states that local enterprise is established with the aim of increasing the revenue, participating in regional economic development, broadening the development and its results. The regulation on Capital Participation of Aceh Government ruled in Qanun Aceh Number 16, 2013 regarding the Joint Capital of Aceh Government at the Local Enterprise of Aceh at the Aceh Government Enterprises, the joint of capital at the Government of Aceh is to transfer the owning of Aceh Treasury that is previously apart of the property that is not separated from the property to be accounted as the capital of Aceh at the Local Enterprises with the principle of reciprocity. This research aims to know and analyze the reason of Government of Aceh in jointing capital at the Aceh Local Enterprise of Pembangunan Aceh, to know and analyze the legality of joint capital of Aceh Government at the Enterprise of Pembangunan Aceh, and to know and analyze the responsibility of Aceh Government in relation to local enterprise of Pembangunan Aceh local enterprise. This is normative legal research (juridical normative) or doctrinal legal research and juridical empirical research by applying primary, secondary and tertiary data. The result of the research shows that firstly there is a legal and political reasons in defending the existence of to local enterprise of Pembangunan Aceh Secondly, the joint venture of Aceh's Government in PDPA has a clearly legal standing nevertheless thee are weaknesses in the monitoring. Thirdly, the Government of Aceh is responsible towards the lack of joint venture of PDPA as ruled in the Local Regulation Number 4, 1994 on the PDPA Establishment as the capital is really needed in order to keep the company operation working well.

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agricultura Sustentable ; Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general proponer una estructura de gobernanza de los recursos naturales en el proceso Bosque Modelo Pichanaki, en la Selva Central del Perú, mediante la caracterización de actores principales presentes en el territorio; así mismo, identificando y analizando los factores relevantes que inciden en la estructura de gobernanza y su funcionalidad en el Bosque Modelo Pichanaki. Esta comprendió fundamentalmente el desarrollo de un estudio de tipo cualitativo de tipo investigación acción participativa de la gobernanza de los recursos naturales. El desarrollo de esta aborda conceptos interdisciplinarios en ciencias sociales, ciencias naturales y ciencias de la gestión del desarrollo en la que predomina acciones ecosistémicos y colaborativos. El territorio de Pichanaki tiene una extensión de 124 770.5 has, la estructura de gobernanza propuesta fusiona los enfoques de bosque modelo y cuencas; se definieron 28 unidades de análisis territorial (UAT) o microcuencas. Los actores se distinguen en organización de productores agropecuarios; agricultores independientes; instituciones del estado relacionados al sector ambiental y agrícola; instituciones de saneamiento; comercio; autoridades políticas y comunidades nativas. El análisis de redes sociales en cada UAT mediante los indicadores define una densidad promedio de 26.4% siendo muy baja y refleja la desarticulación al abordar la buena gestión de los recursos naturales; la centralidad, centralización, intermediación y cercanía definió la tendencia a que las autoridades locales y representantes de instituciones estatales sean los nexos o referentes para abordar iniciativas de conservación, restauración y uso sostenible de los recursos naturales. Se han encaminado, proyectos y experiencias que fortalecen el proceso. La estructura de gobernanza propuesta se genera debido a un marco normativo viable y estratégico como la Comisión Ambiental Municipal, para que la plataforma de Bosque Modelo Pichanaki con la participación de las bases en Comités de Gestión de Cuenca se articule. ; The general objective of this research was to propose a governance structure for natural resources in the Pichanaki Model Forest, in the Central Selva of Peru, by characterizing the main actors present in the territory; likewise, identifying and analyzing the relevant factors that affect the governance structure and its functionality in the Pichanaki Model Forest. This basically included the development of a qualitative type study of participatory action research of the governance of natural resources. The development of this addresses interdisciplinary concepts in social sciences, natural sciences and development management sciences in which ecosystem and collaborative actions predominate. The Pichanaki territory has an area of 124 770.5 hectares, the proposed governance structure merges the model forest and basin approaches; 28 units of territorial analysis (UAT) or microwatersheds were defined. The actors are distinguished in the organization of agricultural producers; independent farmers; state institutions related to the environmental and agricultural sector; sanitation institutions; Commerce; political authorities and native communities. The analysis of social networks in each UAT by means of the indicators defines an average density of 26.4% being very low and reflects the disarticulation when dealing with the good management of natural resources; the centrality, centralization, intermediation and proximity defined the tendency for local authorities and representatives of state institutions to be the nexuses or referents to address initiatives of conservation, restoration and sustainable use of natural resources. They have been directed, projects and experiences that strengthen the process. The proposed governance structure is generated due to a viable and strategic regulatory framework such as the Municipal Environmental Commission, so that the Pichanaki Model Forest platform with the participation of the Bases in Basin Management Committees is articulated. ; Tesis

The Alberta government has stated that it wants to make significant changes to the supply of electricity to the current electrical grid for the province. These changes include the phasing out of coal generation by 2030, the supply of 30 per cent of electricity from renewables by 2030 and the introduction of a socalled capacity market in addition to the current electrical energy market. The achievement of these objectives will require a number of fundamental changes to the existing electrical grid. This paper provides an overall description of these changes.The paper first examines the current grid structure in which coal and gas provide the base load supply in the amount of 90 per cent of electricity demand, and renewables are a relatively small source of supply for the remaining 10 per cent. It then reviews the current simple energy market in Alberta that uses a single price auction to determine the wholesale price of electricity.The paper then notes that the achievement of these changes will require a large amount of investment in the next 15 years to create new generating capacity that currently does not exist. The Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) has forecast that by 2032, Alberta will need an additional 7,000 megawatts of gas generation, 5,000 megawatts of wind, 700 megawatts of solar and 350 megawatts of hydro. To put this in context, the Ontario grid currently has 4,213 megawatts of wind (11 per cent of total generating capacity) and 380 megawatts of solar (one per cent of generating capacity).The Alberta government has made two fundamental changes in the electricity market to make this happen.First, it has introduced a Renewable Energy Program (REP) to incent investment in renewables. They asked industry to bid on a 20 year contract for supply of electricity that offered a guaranteed fixed price that was independent of the existing wholesale market. The first round of bidding (REP 1) announced in December 2017 resulted in 600 megawatts of new wind capacity at prices below expectations. No solar proposals were accepted in REP 1, a result that may cause the Alberta government to make new proposals (details still to come) that may permit solar participation. Two new rounds for 2018 (REP 2 for 300 megawatts and REP 3 for 400 megawatts) have requested bids on a similar basis. The one new feature is that REP 2 is limited to investors with an Indigenous equity position of at least 25 per cent.Second, the Alberta government has proposed to introduce a capacity market that would compensate electricity suppliers for merely creating capacity to supply. The capacity market was requested by industry and was announced by the Government of Alberta in November 2016. It is intended to give additional compensation over and above the energy market compensation in order to make it economic for investment in future renewables if the REP guaranteed price structure is terminated, and in future base load and backup gas generation.The paper then describes one possible solution using new storage battery technology as a means of providing backup generation for renewables.Finally, the paper contrasts the proposed Alberta electrical grid with the current Ontario electrical grid. It notes that the current high electricity prices in Ontario have become a high profile political issue there, since consumers are paying all electricity costs. In contrast, the Alberta government has also stated that retail electricity prices will be capped at 6.8 cents per kilowatt hour until 2021. If retail rates exceed that amount, the Alberta government will use carbon tax revenues to pay the difference.

La investigación especifica datos a gran escala para el desarrollo de la ciudad de Riobamba. Las técnicas de recolección de información y el trabajo campo permiten exponer la cultura por medio de la defensa de los bienes patrimoniales que fortalecen la identidad. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es elaborar un diseño audiovisual para la difusión de los bienes patrimoniales del Centro Histórico de Riobamba. Los Centros Históricos personifican a las ciudades, sin importar su dimensión en el territorio. En estos espacios el patrimonio cultural transmite un mensaje acorde a su evolución y las posibles variaciones que pueda sufrir. Representan también a los centros urbanos donde se desarrollan actividades económicas, políticas o sociales. El patrimonio se caracteriza por los bienes y las manifestaciones que forjan la identidad, la pertenencia, el reconocimiento de la historia, así como la calidad y estilo de vida de los actores sociales. Se requiere de la educación patrimonial constante de las antiguas y nuevas generaciones, no únicamente para generar en la mentalidad de los ciudadanos la valoración de los bienes patrimoniales de la localidad, es necesario incorporar a los actores sociales en la gestión de los bienes y promover la participación activa de la colectividad con las políticas patrimoniales que defienden el pasado histórico y exploran el desarrollo sustentable de estos espacios públicos. Este aporte muestra un respaldo investigativo de la evolución y la representatividad de los Centros Históricos, los valores de los bienes patrimoniales y la oportunidad que adquieren los nuevos canales de comunicación visuales y los proyectos de revitalización patrimonial y cultural para procurar la evolución de las zonas en los aspectos culturales, económicos y sociales. La información recolectada en el trabajo de campo permitió a la investigación fortalecer su contenido y exponer la voz ciudadana. ; The research specifies large-scale data for the development of the city of Riobamba. The techniques of information collection and field work allow exposing the culture through the defense of patrimonial assets that strengthen the identity. The main objective of this work is to develop an audiovisual design for the dissemination of heritage assets of the Historic Center of Riobamba. Historic Centers personify cities, regardless of their size in the territory. In these spaces the cultural heritage transmits a message according to its evolution and the possible variations it may suffer. They also represent urban centers where economic, political or social activities take place. Heritage is characterized by the goods and manifestations that forge identity, belonging, recognition of history, as well as the quality and lifestyle of social actors. The constant patrimonial education of the old and new generations is required, not only to generate in the mentality of the citizens the valuation of the patrimonial goods of the locality, it is necessary to incorporate the social actors in the management of the goods and to promote the active participation of the community with patrimonial policies that defend the historical past and explore the sustainable development of these public spaces. This contribution shows a research support of the evolution and the representativeness of the Historic Centers, the values of the patrimonial goods and the opportunity acquired by the new visual communication channels and the patrimonial and cultural revitalization projects to procure the evolution of the areas in the cultural, economic and social aspects. The information collected in the field work allowed the research to strengthen its content and expose the citizen's voice.