Suchergebnisse

Prospects for Iraq's economy are bleak: unemployment remains high and the post-war rebuilding effort has slowed to a trickle, weighed down by chronic instability. Rising oil prices increased GDP in 2004 and 2005. But an oil-induced rise in GDP will not necessarily bring about a general rise in incomes, as the oil sector employs only 1 percent of the labor force. To raise general living standards, oil income needs to be converted into increased employment and output in sectors with high social rates of return. This article reviews key Coalition Provisional Authority post-war policies and their effects, and proposes and discusses a set of alternative policies that would be better suited to improve Iraqi living standards and help secure peace.

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined the covariation between parents' use of control and solicitation, youth willingness to self‐disclose to parents, and youth antisocial behavior from ages 13 to 14. Structural equation analyses were conducted on a combined sample of Italian (N = 152) and French Canadian (N = 151) adolescents. Analyses tested for longitudinal cross‐lagged effects while controlling for stability and all concurrent associations. Although bivariate correlations showed consistent associations among these constructs, both concurrently and over one year, SEM results revealed virtually no cross‐lagged effects, after controlling for concurrent associations and stability. These findings suggest that the actual causal effects of parenting and youth behavior may best be conceptualized as occurring in the moment, rather than over extended periods of time. Results also showed that parental control and solicitation demonstrated very different associations with youth antisocial behavior, and should therefore be considered separately for research and prevention.

Cette étude présente une théorie rationnelle et un appui empirique préliminaire à une conception multidimentionnelle du statut ethnique. Pour de nombreuses raisons, surtout à cause du manque de données, le statut ethnique a été traditionnellement conçu comme une variable unidimensionnelle. La présence des données pour Toronto, toutefois, permet de mettre à l'épreuve ce concepts multidimensionnel. Il a été possible de déterminer le degré de ségrégation résidentielle (un aspect fondamental de la différentiation ethnique) pour chacune de ces cinq caractéristiques sociales — statut de l'immigrant, religion, origine, langue maternelle et lieu de naissance — supposées représenter des dimensions séparées du statut ethnique. L'analyse révèle que chacune de ces caractéristiques engendre un degré et un patron significatif de ségrégation résidentielle. De plus, on présente des faits concernant l'interrelation entre des variables ethniques choisies, qui au départ appuyaient la validité de concevoir le statut ethnique selon plus d'une dimension. On suggère des tests ultérieurs de ce concept.

The paper focuses on crucial characteristics of latest public administration reform in Republic of Macedonia, and developing the concept of E-Government. This process is not easy at all. It takes years and maybe decades to create respectable concept of E-Government. In the paper, different research methods are used, but mainly methodology of case study, statistical, empirical and comparative methods also are used. Main conclusions form the paper are that in Republic of Macedonia there are very consistent law frame and conditions for developing concept of EGovernment, but there are also obstacles relating to the political and regional problems in the western Balkan region. Also these efforts are recognizable in global level, but there is a lot yet to do in the future because whole world is made as a global village because of the use of modern etechnologies and everything is reachable from end point of the west to the end of the east in the global world map. Key words: E-Administration, E-Government, Public Administration Reform, Republic of Macedonia.

1. From Fragmentation to Forest Resurgence: Paradigms, Representations, and Practices / Susanna B. Hecht, Kathleen D. Morrison, and Christine Padoch; Part I. Conceptual Frameworks; Rethinking Social Lives and Forest Transitions: History, Ideologies, Institutions, and the Matrix / Susanna B. Hecht; 2. False Forest History, Complicit Social Analysis: Rethinking Some West African Environmental Narratives / James Fairhead and Melissa Leach; 3. Stories of Nature's Hybridity in Europe: Implications for Forest Conservation in the Global South / Roderick P. Neumann; 4. Adam Smith in the Forest / Frederik Albritton Jonsson; 5. Jungles, Forests, and the Theatre of Wars: Insurgency, Counterinsurgency, and the Political Forest in Southeast Asia / Nancy Lee Peluso and Peter Vandergeest; 6. Mutant Ecologies: Radioactive Life in Post-Cold War New Mexico / Joseph Masco; 7. Pan-Tropical Perspectives on Forest Resurgence / Alan Grainger; 8. The Social Lives of Forest Transitions and Successions: Theories of Forest Resurgence / Susanna B. Hecht.

Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; La Syrie a connu depuis le début du XXème siècle des vagues d'émigration successives, vers les Amériques, puis vers l'Europe. Ce phénomène s'est poursuivi jusqu'à aujourd'hui et continue à avoir d'importantes conséquences sur le plan économique et social, et surtout sur le développement scientifique et l'avancée de la recherche en Syrie. L'émigration ne draine plus seulement des travailleurs peu qualifiés mais également des individus titulaires d'un diplôme universitaire dits hautement qualifiés. Certes, ce phénomène a des retombées positives, comme les transferts de devises depuis l'étranger qui apportent un soutien non négligeable aux familles syriennes. Il contribue également au rayonnement de la Syrie à l'étranger. Toutefois, il représente aussi un appauvrissement dans certains secteurs qui ne parviennent pas à se développer du fait de la pénurie de travailleurs hautement qualifiés. Pour la Syrie, l'émigration hautement qualifiée apparaît donc comme une arme à double tranchant. La législation syrienne ne met pas d'entrave à la circulation de ses citoyens. Elle ne pose notamment pas de conditions pour limiter leur émigration, même si des initiatives ont été prises au cours des dix dernières années pour encadrer les émigrés syriens, et stimuler les liens qu'ils entretiennent avec leur pays d'origine. Malgré les besoins dans certains secteurs, la Syrie n'est pas une destination pour l'immigration hautement qualifiée, sans doute en raison des bas salaires, comparés à ceux perçus dans les pays de Golfe. Since the early twentieth century, Syria has experienced successive emigration waves, to America then to Europe. Emigration is ongoing and has important social and economic consequences, above all for scientific development and research in Syria. Emigration not only concerns unqualified or under-qualified workers, but also highly-qualified individuals. This phenomenon has obviously positive aspects : for example financial remittances which constitute an important resource for Syrian families, or migrants' contribution to Syria's profile abroad. Yet, migration is also harmful in some sectors that cannot develop without highly-skilled persons. Syrian legislation does not prevent citizens migrating, but Syria has attempted in the last ten years to channel Syrian emigrants, and to foster their link with their country of origin.In spite of needs in some fields, Syria is not a destination country for highly-skilled migrants, arguably because of low wages relative to the Gulf countries.

The labor market performance of migrants relative to natives has been widely studied but its gender dimension has been relatively neglected. Our paper aims at revisiting labor market convergence between migrants and natives and examining this dimension in a comprehensive study of the EU-15 countries and Switzerland over the period 1999-2018. We measure convergence of labor market outcomes, such as employment probability, for male and female migrants to similar natives before and after the Great Recession and across countries of destination. Our results show that in most countries female migrants start with a larger employment gap but converge more rapidly than male migrants do. We also provide an overview of the correlation between potential factors such as economic conditions, labor market structures, institutions and attitudes towards migrants and women and employment convergence of male and female migrants. While we do not identify very significant correlations at the national level, we find a strong correlation between attitudes towards migrants and their employment convergence across sub-national regions.

Economy, society, environment and sometimes indicated institutional and political system - on these pillars is based the idea of sustainable development. The necessity for a global balance in these dimensions hinders the multidimensional approach of ideas. These difficulties increase when the attempt is taken on a macro scale. At that time, detailed monitoring of the performance of countries in terms of sustainability was started, which next would allow for some adjustments. These adjustments aim at identifying the achievable level of norms at the lower economic and social levels, thus creating a more matched system. In this paper was presented selected aspects of sustainable development in the form of indicators, which are referring to Poland in comparison with the maximum, minimum and average results achieved in the European Union. Presenting and analyzing data by identifying disparities between regions is to contribute ultimately to achieve the article goal, that is to confirm the need to introduce appropriate levels of standards in a way that is more matched to the situation of the area and not purely from above, covering larger territories.

Abstract: International environmental security is a very hot contemporary issue of world politics, which in a large part defines the future of our environment. Dealing with this issue is of outmost importance since its failure will render all other issues and challenges as negligible. The article examines the theoretical aspects of solving the problem of environmental security. In particular, it analyzes the problem of negative social externalities, and the related concept of "tragedy of the commons." These problems create a fundamental obstacle to the implementation of environmental security at the global level. Traditionally, the problem of externalities in the environmental field have been approached economically, states and their manufacturers were to pay for the externalities in the form of additional taxes. However, experience shows that the economic tools of dealing with environmental security are not effective. The author suggests alternative non-economic approaches: strengthening and developing the system of permanent institutions of international negotiations on environmental security and promotion of environmental awareness. Solving the acute environmental problems is impossible without a change of the political philosophy of the ruling elites in most states.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- Neoliberalism -- Values -- Social Justice -- Theme 1: Reconnection to Social Justice -- Theme 2: Ethical Stress -- Structure of the Book -- 2 The Social Work Context -- Development of Social Work -- Consequences of the Contemporary Context: Ethical Stress-Inducing Characteristics -- Developing a Political Standpoint -- 3 Them and Us -- A Very Brief Economic History -- The Underclass -- Inequality -- There Is No Alternative (TINA) -- The 'Something for Nothing' Culture Must Be Tackled! -- Individuals as Representative of an Entire Class -- Hegemony -- 4 Current Ethical Approaches and Care -- Recap of Thinking So Far -- Care and Compassion -- The Ethics of Care in Practice -- 5 Connecting an Ethics of Care with Ethical Stress: As Easy As It Sounds? -- Ethics of Care and Ontological Anxiety -- Identify and Act on Ethical Stress -- Further Difficulty with Ethics of Care Implementation -- 6 Social Justice -- Radical Social Work -- Critical Social Work -- Anti-oppressive Practice -- Human Rights-Based Practice -- An Eclectic Social Justice Approach -- 7 Relationship-Based Practice -- Empathy -- Emotional Intelligence -- Purposeful Relationship-Based Practice -- 8 Ethical Stress, Anxiety, and Professional Practice -- Ethical Stress - Ethical Action -- Ontological Anxiety - Coping -- Professionalism -- 9 Conclusion -- The Journey So Far -- Applying the Practice Model -- Application of the Practice Model to Contemporary Examples of 'Good Practice' -- Concluding Comments -- References -- Index.

"This book is a timely reference source on the challenges, risks, and policies of current relocation and refugee flows and addresses the social, political, and economic problems in relation to these aspects of immigration. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as political refugees, human rights, and economic equity"--