Suchergebnisse

Walking is an indispensable travel mode in the transport system; almost all road users are pedestrians for all or part of their trip. It is also among the most environmentally sustainable transport modes and its promotion has been rigorously advocated since the rise of concern about global warming and environmental degeneration. Moreover, as a form of physical activity, walking has considerable benefit for public and individual health. Notwithstanding the positive aspects of walking, there are a number of barriers preventing people from walking as a mode of travel, with the lack of safety chief amongst these. The focus of this thesis, therefore, was to address the pedestrian safety problem by identifying factors associated with pedestrian crash occurrence and with the severity of injuries sustained. The Central Business District (CBD) of Melbourne was selected as the case study for this research. This site has a high level of pedestrian activities and high pedestrian crash rate. The PhD research aims to address the following questions: 1. What is an appropriate design for a pedestrian road safety data system to collect the data necessary for pedestrian safety analysis in the Melbourne CBD? 2. Using the tools developed in 1, what are the risk factors for pedestrian crashes in the Melbourne CBD: a) What are the characteristics of the physical and socioeconomic environment and the transport system that influence the occurrence of pedestrian crashes? b) What are the characteristics of the physical and socioeconomic environment, the transport system, road users (drivers/pedestrians) and traffic that influence the severity of injury sustained by pedestrians in traffic crashes? A principal contribution of this research was the development of a conceptual framework for studying pedestrian safety. A review of the available pedestrian data systems revealed that data collection practices are non-systematic and irregular, and the existing data, particularly pedestrian exposure to risk, is not sufficient for pedestrian safety analyses. Thus, a methodology was developed to estimate pedestrian exposure at CBD intersections and midblocks using existing data sources and a set of complimentary data collections. Pedestrian crash risk at CBD intersections and midblocks were evaluated, separately: during daytime hours, or alternatively called working hours, (7-18), and hours of darkness, or alternatively called non-working hours, (0-6 and 19-23). Findings showed that pedestrian crash risk is multi-factorial in nature. Different sets of factors were found to be associated with risk across different space-time frameworks. For intersections, the three most powerful predictors of pedestrian collision rate during daytime hours were the characteristics of land-use, road and public transport, respectively. Similarly, during hours of darkness, the rate was highly correlated with the characteristics of land-use and road. For midblocks, the most powerful predictor of the frequency of pedestrian crashes during daytime hours was public transport, followed by land-use and road characteristics, respectively. In contrast, midblock pedestrian collision rates during hours of darkness were mainly predicted by the length of the midblock, followed by land-use and public transport characteristics, respectively. Another key finding of the pedestrian crash risk analyses was that different measures of pedestrian exposure influence pedestrian crashes at intersections compared with midblocks. While traffic volume (Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)) played a significant role in developing pedestrian crash risk models at intersections, the product of "pedestrian road crossing counts" and AADT (P×AADT) was the influential pedestrian exposure measure in the midblocks daytime-hours risk model. Results of the pedestrian injury severity analyses also revealed a diverse set of factors associated with pedestrian injury severity for different space-time frameworks. The correlates of major pedestrian trauma at intersections were time of day, vehicle movement, pedestrian age, vehicle colour, and land-use and public transport characteristics. For midblocks, influential factors were time of day, the characteristics of land-use, and the interaction of day of week and speed zone. The injury severity data reported by the police for pedestrian crashes in the Melbourne CBD (2000-2009) was found to be not consistent with hospital data. Thus, using the police data can lead to misleading conclusions about pedestrian injury risk factors. Findings of this research provide evidence-based insight into the pedestrian safety problem in the Melbourne CBD and have implications for other concentrated urban areas. This knowledge can be applied by road safety researchers and practitioners to modify existing design practices to achieve a safer pedestrian environment and to facilitate the Victorian Government's strategic plan for a Safe System for all road users. In addition, six new Central Activity Districts and 26 principal activity centres are projected to be designed and implemented by 2030 in Melbourne. The outcomes of this research provide critical, new information to enhance the pedestrian safety design guidelines for these new developments.

Book Reviews in this titleAUSTRALIA'S AGE OF IRON: History and Archaeology By R. Ian Jack and Aedeen Cremin. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press and Sydney University Press, 1994, pp. xiv+175, Illustrated. Thirteen maps. $39.95.BRISBANE: The Aboriginal Presence 1824–1860 Edited by Rod Fisher. Kelvin Grove: Brisbane History Group Papers No 11, 1992, pp. 106. Illustrated. Two maps. $20.AUSTRALIA'S FIRST LADY By Lennard Bickel. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1991, pp. xii +219. $34.95IRISH CONVICT LIVES Edited by Bob Reece. Sydney: Crossing Press, 1993, pp. x+266, illustrated. No price given.WAR ON THE HOMEFRONT: State Intervention in Queensland 1938–1948 By Kay Saunders. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1993. pp. ix + 190. $29.95.CROWN OR COUNTRY: The Traditions of Australian Republicanism Ediled by David Headon, James Warden and Bill Gammage. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1994, pp. xiv + 197. Illustrated. $24.95.VIETNAM: The Australian Dilemma By Terry Burstall. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1993, pp. xxv + 329. Illustrated. Sixteen maps. $19.95.FOR BETTER OR FOR WORSE The Federal Coalition Edited by Brian Costar. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1994, pp. xii + 163. $24.95.EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS: Industrial Relations and Human Resource Management in Australia By Margaret Gardner and Gill Palmer. Melbourne: Macmillan, 1992, pp. xii+ 522. $39.95.I WAS A TEENAGE FASCIST By David Greason. Melbourne: McPhee Gribble/penguin, 1994. $16.95.THE OXFORD HISTORY OF NEW ZEALAND Edited by Geoffrey W. Rice. Second revised edition. Auckland: Ogord University Press, 1993, pp. xviii i 755. Eleven tables. Four maps. Eight graphs $39.95STUDYING NEW ZEALAND HISTORY By G. A Wood. Second edition Revised by Simon Cauchi and G. A. Wood. Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1992. pp. viii ‐+ 145. No price given.EUROPE JUSTINIAN By John Moorhead. London and New York: Longman, 1994, pp. ix + 202. Np price givenMIRACLES AND THE PULP PRESS DURING THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION: The Battle of the Frogs and Fairford's Flies By Jerome Friedman. London: University College London Press, 1993, pp. xv+304. Illustrated. $39.95.THE COMMODITY CULTURE OF VICTORIAN ENGLAND: Advertising and Spectacle 1851–1914 By Thomas Richards. London: Verso, 1991, pp. 306. $37.9Spb.CLASS AND ETHNICITY: Irish Catholics in England 1880–1939 By Steven Fielding. Buckingham, England: Open University Press, 1993, pp. mi + 180. No price given.THE POLlTICS OF IMMIGRATION AND "RACE" RELATIONS IN POST‐WAR BRITAIN By Zig Luyton‐Henry. Ogord: Blackwell, 1992, pp. xvii + 266. $34.95 pb.GOVERNMENT, INDUSTRY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY By Peter Barberis and Timothy May. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1993, pp. viii+ 260. $45.00.SOCIAL CHANGE IN CONTEMPORARY BRITAIN Edited by Nicholas Abercrombie and Alan Warde. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992, pp xi + 189. $32.9Spb.EUROPE IN OUR TIME A History 1945–1992 By Walter L. uqueur. New York: Penguin Books, 1992, pp. xrii + 617. US$14.CONTEMPORARY FRANCE By Hilary P. M. Winchester. Longman Group UK Limited, 1993, pp. xiii + 273, illustrated with photographs, maps, tables, $16.IMPERIAL GERMANY 1871–1914: Economy, Society, Culture and Politics By Volker Berghahn Providence/Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1993, pp. xvii + 362. NO price givenTHE GERMAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS SINCE 1969 A Party in Power and Opposition Gerard Braunthal. Second revised edition. BoulderBart Francisco/Oxford: Westview Press, 1994. pp. xiii + 402. Tables and charts. $54.95.WHAT ABOUT THE WORKERS? Workers and the Transition to Capitalism in Russia By Simon Clarke, Peter Fairbrother, Michael Burawoy and Pavel Krotov. London: Verso, 1993, pp. 241. No price given.REST OF WORLD THE GUERRILLA WARS OF CENTRAL AMERICA: Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala By Saul Landau. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1993, pp. xiii + 222. Four maps. $49.45.A CRITICAL STUDY OF BINI AND YORUBA VALUE SYSTEMS OF NIGERIA IN CHANGE: Culture, Religion and the Self By Emmanuel D. Babatunde. Lampeter, Dyfed, Wales: me Edwin Mellen Press, 1992, pp. 283. No price given.IMPERIAL AFFINITIES: Nineteenth Century Analogies and Exchanges Between India and Ireland By S. B. Cook. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1993, pp. 162, Rs 195 (approx $9.00).DENG XIAOPING AND THE MAKING OF MODERN CHINA By Richard Evans. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1993, pp. xi + 339:$39.95.TENNOZAN: The Battle of Okinawa and the Atomic Bomb By George Feifer. New York: Ticknor & Field 1992, pp. xvii + 622. Illustrated. $25.IDEAS DARWINISM, WAR AND HISTORY: The Debate Over the Biology of War From the "Origin of Species" to the First World War By Paul Crook. Cambridge, New York, and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp. xii + 306. $49.95.PROSPECTS FOR DEMOCRACY: North, South, East, West Edited by David Held. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993, pp. xi + 412. $45 cloth; $14 pb.RACE, NATION, CLASS: Ambiguous Identities By Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein London, New York: Verso, 1991, pp. vii+232. $32.95.CULTURAL HISTORY By Roger Chartier. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993, pp. 209. $39.95pb.CULTURES IN CONFLICT By Urs Bitterli, translated by Ritchie Robertson. Oqord: Polity Press, 1993, pp. 215. pb. $39.95.MARC BLOCH: A Life in History By Carole Fink Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, pp. 324. $17.95.

Book reviewed in this article:NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN CANADA AND AUSTRALIA: A Comparative Political Economy Analysis. By Malcolm C. Brown. Canberra.WHY SO FEW? Women Academics in Australian Universities. By Bettina Cass.THE LONG FAREWELL: The Perilous Voyages of Settlers under Sail in the Great Migrations to Australia. By Don Charlwood.ARBITRATOR AT WORK: Sir William Raymond Kelly and the Regulation of Australian Industrial Relations. By Braham Dabscheck.NEW GUINEA UNDER THE GERMANS. By Stewart Firth.ALL THAT DIRT: Aborigines 1938. An Australian 1938 Monograph. Edited by Bill Gammage and Andrew Markus.FREDERICK WELD. By Jeanine Graham.THE REMARKABLE REVEREND CLARKE: The Life and Times of the Father of Australian Geology. By Elena Grainger.THE GLENNIE: A Work of Faith. By Christine Henderson.CONVICT SOCIETY AND ITS ENEMIES: A History of Early New South Wales. By J. B. Hirst.THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN NIGHTMARE: A Critique of Home‐ownership Ideology. By Jim Kemeny.PUBLIC SECTOR ADMINISTRATION: New Perspectives. Edited by Alexander Kouzmin.A NATION APART: Essays in Honour of Andrew Fabinyi. Personal Views of Australia in the Eighties. Edited by John McLaren.FOR LOVE OR MONEY: A Pictorial History of Women and Work in Australia. By Megan McMurchy, Margot Oliver and Jeni Thornley.AUSTRALIA'S CONSTITUTION: Time for Change? By John McMillan, Gareth Evans and Haddon Storey.AUSTRALIAN FEDERALISM: Future Tense. Edited by Allan Patience and Jeffrey Scott.SUB ROSA: Memoirs of an Australian Intelligence Analyst. By R. H. Mathams.PUBLIC SECTOR BORROWING IN AUSTRALIA. Edited by R. L. Mathews.MICRONATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Edited by R. J. May.THE FIRM AND THE FORMLESS: Religion and Identity in Aboriginal Australia. By Hans Mol.THE FIXED AND THE FICKLE: Religion and Identity in New Zealand. By Hans Mol.INTERNEE 1/5126. By Robert Paterson. Annerley, Queensland, Dr Robert Paterson, 1983.THE PHONE BOOK: The Future of Australia's Communications on the Line. By Ian Reinecke and Julianne Schultz.A HISTORY OF TASMANIA. Vol. I: Van Diemen's Land from the Earliest Times to 1855. By Lloyd.MINING AND AUSTRALIA. Edited by W. H. Richmond and P. C. Sharma.TRADE, TACTICS AND TERRITORY: Britain in the Pacific 1783–1823. By Margaret Steven.HEATHCOTE: A Study of Local Government and Resident Action in a Small Australian Town. By R. A. Wild.SOCIAL PROCESS AND THE CITY. Urban Studies Yearbook I. Edited by Peter Williams.SYDNEY'S TRANSPORT: Studies in Urban History. Edited by Garry Wotherspoon.ARMING THE CHINESE: The Western Armaments Trade in Warlord China, 1920–1928. By Anthony B. Chan.COLD WAR HOT WAR. An Australian Perspective on the Korean War. By Gavan McCormack.IMPERIALISMUS UND KOLONIALMISSION: Kaiserliches Deutschland und Koloniales Imperium. Edited by Klaus J. Bade, Weisbaden, Steiner Verlag, 1982.THE ISLAMIC THREAT TO THE SOVIET STATE: By Alexander Benningsen and Marie Broxup.ITALY AND THE APPROACH OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR. By Richard Bosworth.THE CRISIS OF MEDIEVAL RUSSIA 1200–1304. By John Fennell.THE STATE, FRANCE AND THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. By Howell A. Lloyd.SOCIALISM AND EUROPEAN UNITY: The Dilemma of the Left in Britain and France. By Michael Newman.SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND SOCIETY: Working‐class Radicalism in Diisseldorf, 1890–1920. By Mary Nolan.POLICY STYLES IN WESTERN EUROPE. Edited by Jeremy Richardson.IMAGES OF IMPERIAL RULE. By Hugh Ridley.THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: Past, Present and Future. Edited by Loukas Tsoukalis.NAZI PROPAGANDA: The Power and the Limitations. Edited by David Welch.THE UNOFFICIAL COMMONWEALTH: The Story of the Commonwealth Foundation, 1965–1980. By John.COVENANTS WITHOUT THE SWORD: Public Opinion and British Defence Policy 1931–1935. By Patrick Kyba.THE GREAT MAP OF MANKIND: British Perceptions of the World in the Age of Enlightenment. By P. J. Marshall and Glyndwr Williams.WHERE DID WE GO WRONG? Industrial Performance, Education and the Economy in Victorian Britain. Edited and introduced by Gordon Roderick and Michael Stephens.LOCAL GOVERNMENT: The Conditions of Local Choice. By John Stewart.THE ORIGINS OF THE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY. By Noel Tracy.CHINESE MINE LABOUR IN THE TRANSVAAL. By Peter Richardson.POLITICAL ALTERNATIVES FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA: Principles and Perspectives. Edited by D. J. van Vuuren and D. J. Kriek.MAX WEBER ON CAPITALISM, BUREAUCRACY AND RELIGION: A Selection of Texts. Edited by Stanislav Andreski.MODERNISATION AND REVOLUTION. By Bill Brugger and Kate Hannan.A CRITIQUE OF FREEDOM AND EQUALITY. By John Charvet.THE MODERN LIBERAL THEORY OF MAN. By Gerald F. Gaus.FROM RIGHT TO LEFT: An Autobiography. By Frederick Vanderbilt Field.MAKING HISTORIES: Studies in History‐Writing and Politics. Edited by Richard Johnson, Gregor McLennan, Bill Schwarz and David.GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY 1895–1905: Great Power Pressure in Venezuela. By Miriam Hood.EDUCATED GUESSING: How to Cope in an Uncertain World. By Samuel Kotz and Donna F. Stroup.THE PURSUIT OF POWER: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since A. D. 1000. By William H. McNeill.LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC THEORY AND ITS CRITICS. Edited by Norman Wintrop.ORGANIZING INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS. By Timothy B. Woolstencroft.PUBLIC MONEY IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR: Industrial Assistance Policy and Canadian Federalism. By Allan Tupper.

Book reviewed in this article:ESSAYS IN THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIAN CAPITALISM. Edited by E.L. Wheelwright and Ken Buckley.PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND SOCIAL POLICY IN AUSTRALIA. Edited by R.B. Scotton and Helen FerberSIR ROBERT MENZIES. By Paul Hasluck.INTEREST GROUPS AND PUBLIC POLICY: Case Studies from the Australian States. Edited by Roger Scott.THE AUSTRALIAN ENVIRONMENT: 12 Controversial Issues. By Alan Gilpin.THE GOVERNMENT OF QUEENSLAND. By Colin A. Hughes.AUSTRALIA AND THE INDONESIAN REVOLUTION. By Margaret George.WELFARE POLITICS IN AUSTRALIA: A Study in Policy Analysis. By Adam Graycar.LAND OF A THOUSAND SORROWS: The Australian Prison Journal, 1840–1842, of the Exiled Canadian Patriote, Francois‐Maurice Lepailleur. Translated and edited by F. Murray Greenwood.AUSTRALIA: The Asia Connection. By Jim Hyde.MIRROR OF FTHE NATION's MIND: Australia's Electoral Experiments. By J.F.H. Wright.A SHORT HISTORY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS IN WESTERN EUROPE. By Andrew McLaren Carstairs.A MODERN LEGAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND AND WALES 1750–1950. By A. H. Manchester.A SOURCE BOOK OF AUSTRALIAN LEGAL HISTORY: Source Materials from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Centuries. Edited by J. M. Bennett and Alex C. Castles.AUSTRALIANS AND EGYPT 1914–1919. By Suzanne Brugger.A SETTLEMENT AMPLY SUPPLIED:Food Technology in Nineteenth Century Australia. By K.T.H. Farrer.PROVINCIAL PERSPECTIVES: Essays in Honour of W.J. Gardener. Edited by Len Richerdson and W. David McIntyre.THE JOURNAL OF HENRY SEWELL 1853–7. (Vol. 1: February 1853–May 1854; Vol. II: May 1854–May 1857). Edited by W. David McIntyre.PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Early Lessons from Chimbu. By Bill Standish.DAY OF SHINING RED: An Essay on Understanding Ritual. By Gilbert Lewis.THE BLOOD OF THE PEOPLE: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra. By Anthony Reid.THE SHAPING OF CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY. By Greg O'Leary.THE REVOLUTIONARY ARMIES: THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVIET AND CHINESE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMIES. By Jonathan R. AdelmanDECOLONISATION AND AFTER: The British and French Experience. Edited by W. H. Morris‐Jones and Georges Fisher.THE FRENCH ENCOUNTER WITH AFRICANS: White Response to Blacks, 1530–1880. By William B. Cohen.THE TRANSFER OF POWER, 1942–7. Vol. IX, THE FIXING OF A TIME LIMIT. Edited by Nicholas Monsergh and Penderel Moon.PUBLIC SECTOR BARGAINING: A study of Relative Gain. By A.W.J. Thomson and P.B. Beaumont.THE VICTORIAN CONSTITUTION: Conventions, Usages and Contingencies. By G.H.L. Le MayBRITAIN'S FIRST SOCIALISTS: The Levellers, Agitators and Diggers of the English Revolution. By Fenner Brockway.DAS DEUTSCHE REICH UND DER ZWEITE WELTKRIEG. Band 2: Die Errichtung der Hegemonie auf dem europaischen Knontinent. Von Klaus A. Marier, Horst Rohde, Bernd Stegemann und Hans Umbriet.BULOWS WELTMACHTKONZEPT: Untersuchungen zur fruhphase seiner Aussenpolitik 1897–1901. By Peter WinzenADMINSISTERED POLITICS: Elite Political Culture in Sweden. By Thomas J. Anton.SOCIALIST POPULATION POLITICS: The political Implications of Demographic Trends in theUSSR and Eastern Europe. By John F. Besemeres.SOVIET POLITICS, Political Science and Reform. By Ronald J. Hill.THE HISTORY OF POLAND SINCE 1863. Edited by R.F. Leslie.THE POST‐DARWINIAN CONTROVERSIES: A Study of the protestant struggle to come to terms with Darwin in Great Britain and America 1870–1900. By James R. Moore.MY APPRENTICESHIP. By Beatrice Webb.INTELLECTUALS AND REVOLUTION: Socialism and the Experience of 1848. Edited by Eugene Kamenka and F. B. Smith.JUSTICE. Edited by Eugene Kamenka and Alice Erh‐Soon Tay.BUREAUCRACY: The Career of a Concept. Edited by Eugene Kamenka and Martin Krygier.THE INTELLECTUALS ON THE ROAD TO CLASS POWER. A Socialogical Study of the Role of the Intelligentsia in Socialism. By George Konrad and Ivan Szelenyi.POLITICAL OBLIGATION IN ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT: Essays in Poliitical Theory. By John Dunn.A DISCOURSE ON PROPERTY: John Locke and his Adversaries. By James Tully.NATURAL RIGHTS THEORIES: Their Origin and Development. By Richard Tuck.MARXISM AND INDIVIDUALISM. By D.F.B. Tucker.POWER POLITICS. By Martin Wight. Edited by Hedley Bull and Carsten Holbraad.THE GROWTH OF CRIME The International Experience. By Leon Radzinowicz and Joan King.MARXIAN ECONOMICS. By Meghnad Desai.MARX UND MOSES: Karl Marx zur 'Judenfrage' und zu Juden. By Helmut Hirsch.REFORM AND RESISTANCE IN THE INTERNATIONAL ORDER. By Ian Clark.THE GOLDEN PENINSULA: Culture and Adaptation in Mninland Soathenst Asia. By Charles F. Keyes.MELANESUN CARGO CULTS: New Salvation Movements in the South Pacific. By Friedrich Steinbauer.ALGERIA 1968. By Pierre Bourdieu.MENDE GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS UNDER COLONIAL RULE: A Historical Study of Political Change in Sierra Leone 1890–1937. By Arthur Abraham.GERTRUDE BELL. By H.V.F. Winstone.THE IRISH CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. By Brendan Bradshaw.STATES AND SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. By Theda Skocpol.THE KINGDOM OF VALENCIA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY. By James Casey.DANIELE MANIN AND THE VENETIAN REVOLUTION OF 1848–49. By Paul Ginsborg.AMERICA AND WESTERN EUROPE: Probkms a d Prospects. Edited by Karl Kaiser and Hans‐Peter Schwarz.A SOCIOECONOMIC HISTORY OF ARGENTINA, 1776–1860. By Jonathan C. Brown.PUBLIC AND PRIVATE MORALITY Edited by Stuart Hampshire.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction -- List of Contributors -- Index of Biographical Portraits and Memoirs in Japan Society Volumes -- PART I: BRITAIN IN JAPAN -- PERSONALITIES AND ENTREPRENEURS -- 1. Admiral Sir Fleetwood Pellew (1789-1861) and the Phaeton Incident of 1808 -- 2. Thomas (Sir Stamford) Raffles (1781-1826) and Dr Donald Ainslie -- 3. Victoria Crosses Awarded for Valour in Japan: Duncan Boyes, Thomas Pride, William Seeley and Robert Gray -- 4. Marianne North (1830-1890): Traveller, Botanist and Artist -- 5. William Henry Smith (1838-1884): Prominent Public-spirited Figure in Early Yokohama History -- 6. Alan Owston (1853-1915): Naturalist and Yachtsman -- 7. Edgar Abbott (1849-1890): Athlete and Brewer -- 8. No 48, Yokohama -- 9. Thomas Bates Blow (1853-1941): Antiquarian, Apiarist and Pioneer Motorist in Japan -- WRITERS AND BROADCASTERS -- 10. Ernest Harold Pickering, M.P. (1881-1957): A Convinced but Unconvincing Apologist for Japan -- 11. Dorothy Britton (Lady Bouchier 1922-2015), Gifted Composer, Author and Translator -- 12. John Newman (1935-1993): Jūdōka, Broadcaster and Academic -- 13. Peter Martin (1931-2004): Successful Author and British Council Representative -- MISSIONARIES -- 14. Charles Frederick Warren (1841-1899): Anglican Missionary in Osaka -- 15. Barclay Fowell Buxton (1860-1946): Evangelistic Missionary in Japan -- 16. The Archdeacon and the Canon: The Hutchinsons of Japan -- POLITICIANS -- 17. The Fifteenth Earl of Derby (1826-1893): Foreign Secretary -- 18. Earl of Kimberley (1826-1902) and Japan -- 19. Lord Lansdowne (1845-1927) and Japan -- 20. Lord Lytton (1876-1947) and Anglo-Japanese Relations in the 1930s -- OFFICIALS AND DIPLOMATS -- 21. Early British Judges in Japan, 1865-1881: Sir Edmund Grimani Hornby, Charles Wycliffe Goodwin and Sir Richard Temple Rennie -- 22. John Carey Hall (1864-1926): A Career in Japan and the Japan Consular Service -- 23. Sir Colin John Davidson (1878-1930): Japan Specialist in the British Consular Service -- 24. John Frederick Lowder (1843-1902): Consul, Counsel and o-yatoi -- 25. Sir Edward Crowe (1877-1960): Forgotten Star of the Japan Consular Service -- 26. Oswald 'Shiro' White (1884-1970): 38 Years in the Japan Consular Service -- 27. Three British Consuls in Manchuria, 1931-32: Esler Dening, Robert Scott and George Moss -- 28. Sir Fred Warner (1918-1995): Ambassador to Japan, 1972-76 -- 29. Sir Michael Wilford (1922-2006): Ambassador to Japan, 1975-80 -- 30. Sir John Whitehead (1932-2013): Ambassador to Japan, 1987-1992 -- SCHOLARS -- 31. Basil Hall Chamberlain's Things Japanese and the 'Invention of a New Religion': A Critique of Bushido -- 32. William J.S. Shand (1850-1909) and Henry John Weintz (1864-1931): 'Japanese Self-taught' -- 33. Douglas Mills (1923-2005): Scholar of Japanese at Cambridge University -- 34. John McEwan (1924-1969): Scholar of Japanese at Cambridge University -- BUSINESS, TRADE AND INVESTMENT -- 35. Charles Sale (1868-1943) and George Sale (1896-1976): Business and Politics in Anglo-Japanese Relations -- 36. Christopher W. McDonald (1931-2011): A Life in Japan -- 37. NSK at Peterlee: A Successful Japanese Manufacturing Investment in the UK -- 38. Sharp Corporation's UK Research Investment: Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd -- 39. Mitsubishi Electric's Manufacturing Investments in Scotland -- 40. Alps Electric (UK) Limited and the Birth of Two Trees Photonics Limited -- 41. Chugai Pharmaceutical in the United Kingdom -- 42. Selling British Electronics to Japan -- Part I: Selling to Japanese Manufacturers Investing in Britain -- Part II: Selling to Japanese Companies in Japan -- BUSINESS, TRADE AND INVESTMENT -- 43. Wool in Japan: A Very British Story -- 44. The British Chamber of Commerce (Japan), 1948-2015 -- 45. English Lawyers and Japan from the 1960s to the Present Day -- 46. The British Pavilion at Aichi Expo 2005 -- CULTURE -- 47. Victorian Novelists in Japan: Thomas Hardy, Charles Dickens, Charlotte and Emily Brontë in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries -- 48. Minton for the Meiji Emperor -- 49. Britain and the JET Programme: Five Individuals -- PART II: JAPAN IN BRITAIN -- DIPLOMATS -- 50. Fujiyama Naraichi (1915-1994): A Young Diplomat in Wartime -- 51. Kazuo Chiba (1925-2004): An Outstanding Japanese Diplomat -- 52. Young Japanese Diplomats Sent to Study at British Universities -- BUSINESS, TRADE AND BANKING -- 53. Saba Shoichi (1919-2012): Japanese Industrialist and Friend of Britain -- 54. Shijuro Ogata (1927-2014): Internationalist Japanese Banker -- 55. The Japanese Chamber of Commerce in the UK, 1959-2015 -- SCHOLARS -- 56. Yasui Tetsu (1870-1945): Promoter of Women's Higher Education -- 57. Tanaka Hozumi (1876-1944): Enlightened Educationalist at Waseda -- 58. Hagihara Nobutoshi (1926-2001): Internationalist -- 59. Nakaya Ukichiro (1900-1962): Snow Scientist -- 60. Takakusu Junjirō (1866-1945): Buddhist Idealist, Scholar and Educator -- CULTURE & COLLABORATION -- 61. Itō Michio (1892-1961): Dancer and Producer -- 62. Bonsai in Britain -- 63. The Royal Academy of Arts and Japan: 140 Years of Exhibitions, Education and Debate -- 64. Mackintosh and the Glasgow Style: Japonisme -- 65. Shimaoka Tatsuzō (1919-2007): Master Japanese Potter -- 66. Katō Shōzō (1863-1930) and Tomita Kumasaku (1872-1953): Japanese Art Dealers in London -- 67. Netsuke and Inrō collectors in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- 68. Lisa, Lady Sainsbury (1912-2014): Bringing Japanese Art to East Anglia -- 69. UK-Japan 21st Century group -- Select Bibliography of Works in English on Anglo-Japanese Relations -- Select Bibliography of Works in Japanese on Anglo-Japanese Relations -- Index

As part of society, journalists and editors can play and often have played, in country after country, over different periods, crucial roles outside the columns of the newspapers or media platforms they work for. They can further causes, support campaigns, oppose the official and social establishments of the day. If and when they do that, they cannot but carry something of the stature of their profession on their shoulders, to the benefit perhaps of that role and to the augmentation of their public personalities. Albert Cartwright (1868–1956) had worked in a number of newspapers in South Africa in the turbulent period around the Second Boer War and later, opposing the ruling order in some crucial respects, beyond the call of 'editorial' duty. As a friend of General J. C. Smuts, South Africa's most powerful politician and of M. K. Gandhi, who was pitted in a steadily escalating struggle against the Smuts regime, Cartwright as the then editor of The Transvaal Leader mediated between the General and his Indian opponent during the gutsy barrister's first incarceration (1908). This led to a thawing of the relations between the Boer and the Indian and the forming of a patently conflicted yet elusively cordial equation between them, which eventually helped in the reaching of the famous 'Agreement' (1914) on the Indians' grievances in that country. I intend to explore that role played by Cartwright both to describe his character and personality and also to draw attention to the fact that freedom's battles have been not un-often, fought and in some of their 'theatres', won, by individuals from the world of the Press who have worked, almost unseen, from the wings with the 'pen' goading the process. Editor as mediator? Now what is that about? Editors helm newspapers and journals, they write editorials, sometimes fight their proprietors for their autonomy and more often capitulate to the owner's control. They come thereby to be admired and respected or neither admired nor respected. They resist political authority and pay a price for that, or they 'fall in line' and pay a higher price in terms of credibility. But mediation? How does that become part of an editor's role? It can and does, because public life, as life itself, is not all black and white. There are areas which can be called a blend of both and are like black and white photographs and films are quite grey and misty, something that makes the films of Satyajit Ray, for instance, ring so true. And editors, who are not in politics but are situated on its rims, while not being players themselves are yet so close to the action that happens around them as to be indistinguishable from its voltage. They can find themselves sought for or seeking clarifications, being offered or offering suggestions. It is in them to exacerbate or alleviate tensions, encourage or discourage policy and programmes and indeed, action including belligerence. While doing so they become mediators within themselves as well, mediating between their inner voice and prudence, the first impelling them to intervene and the second recoiling from overt action. That is the most difficult of the mediations they are called upon to attempt. The 'loci' of this essay is South Africa and the role of the press in that country during the turn of the nineteenth century when war and brutality overwhelmed that part of the African continent. Two striking Africans appeared in the word of journalism there at the time. The first was John Tengo Jabavu (1859–1921) of the Eastern Cape who as a teacher began to write articles for some South African newspapers in English and after apprenticing himself to a printer, by 1884, founded his own newspaper, Imvo Zabantsundu ('Black Opinion'). This appeared in Xhosa, a brave and pioneering venture. Jabavu found himself at the intersection of liberal ideas in the Cape's South African Party and the repressive policies of Cecil Rhodes's 'Progressives'. The second was John Langalibalele Dube (1871–1946) of the Natal, an essayist, educator and articulate politician who with his wife Nokutela founded the first Zulu/English newspaper Ilanga lase Natal (The Sun of Natal) in 1903. Deeply influenced by Booker T. Washington whose work he knew at the first hand as a student in the USA, Dube wrote for and spoke to a mixed audience in South Africa, wanting to combine western education and mores with local customs and traditions. Journalism, editorship and interventions by people of the eminence of Jabavu and Dube who belong to the place is important and impressive and impactful. But when the person concerned is an 'outsider', such a role gets invested with an additional stamp—that of a somewhat lonesome individuality. This is what happened with two of Jabavu's and Dube's contemporaries, M. K. Gandhi (1869–1948) who founded and ran Indian Opinion from Durban and Phoenix in 1904, mainly on the issues facing the Indian South African community, and the British-born subject of Victorian Britain, and essentially a visiting Briton, Albert Cartwright (1868–1956).

This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of two Polish translations of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. The authors of the translations are Anna Przedpełska-Trzeciakowska and Magdalena Gawlik-Małkowska. Attention is given to rendering irony, which is the novel's characteristic feature. The analysed excerpts illustrate the main translation strategies and techniques used in the Polish translations. A comparative analysis shows that techniques applicable to rendering humour and culture-bound elements can be used to translate irony as well. The Polish translations convey irony, but there are differences caused by the translators' interpretations and by their choice of s trategies and techniques. Przedpełska-Trzeciakowska often uses the strategy of foreignization, but she tries to guide the reader so that they can perceive the implicature. Gawlik-Małkowska's translation is more literal and more modern, and its irony is more covert. ; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Poland ; Magdalena Żochowska is a graduate of Philology, English in business and translation at Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland. She is nearing completion of her Master's Degree in Journalism and Social Communication, and in English Studies. Her research interests include 19th-century literature and its translations as well as readers' self-representation in social media. ; magdaz3636@gmail.com ; 86 ; 33 (2/2021) ; 104 ; Allemann, B. 1986. O ironii jako o kategorii literackiej. Pamiętnik Literacki: czasopismo kwartalne poświęcone historii i krytyce literatury polskiej 77: 227-242. ; Attardo, S. 2000. Irony as relevant inappropriateness. Journal of Pragmatics 32: 793-826. ; Austen, J. 2004. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Barnes & Noble. ; Austen, J. 2005. Duma i uprzedzenie. Warszawa: Hachette Polska. [translated by Anna Przedpełska-Trzeciakowska] ; Austen, J. 2012. Duma i uprzedzenie. Warszawa: Prószyński i S-ka. [translated by Magdalena Gawlik-Małkowska] ; Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. London: Routledge. ; Birkelund, M. 2016. Translating the implicit. In: S. Vikner, H. Jørgensen & E. van Gelderen (eds.), Let us have articles betwixt us: Papers in Historical and Comparative Linguistics in Honour of Johanna L. Wood, 111-128. Aarhus: Department of English – School of Communication and Culture – Aarhus University. ; Booth, W. C. 1975. A Rhetoric of Irony. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press. ; Chakhachiro, R. 2009. Analysing irony for translation. Meta: Journal des traducteurs 54: 32-48. ; Chiaro, D. 2006. Verbally expressed humour on screen: Reflections on translation and reception. JOSTRANS: The Journal of Specialised Translation 6: 198-208. ; Chowdhury, P. K . R. 2 019. Jane Austen the novelist as an ironist. [Unpublished PhD thesis], University of North Bengal, Siliguri. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/148114 (3 February 2019). ; Delabastita, D. 1993. There's a Double Tongue: An Investigation Into the Translation of Shakespeare's Wordplay, with Special Reference to Hamlet. Amsterdam: Rodopi. ; Garmendia, J. 2010. Irony is critical. Pragmatics & Cognition 18: 397-421. ; Grice, P. 1991. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press. ; Hejwowski, K. 2006. Kognitywno-komunikacyjna teoria przekładu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. ; Hutcheon, L. 1995. Irony's Edge: The Theory and Politics of Irony. London/New York: Routledge. ; Jakobson, R. 1959. On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/jakobson.pdf (09 March 2021). ; Kaufer, D. S. 1986. Ironia, forma interpretacyjna i teoria znaczenia. Pamiętnik Literacki: czasopismo kwartalne poświęcone historii i krytyce literatury polskiej 77: 315-326. ; Khalaf, L. 2017. Irony and feminism in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. International Journal of English Research 3: 70-73. ; Lievois, K., & Schoentjes, P. 2010. Traduire l'ironie. Linguistica Antverpiensia 9: 11-23. ; Mitchell, S. 2009. Daily Life in Victorian England. Wesport, Connecticut/London: Greenwood Press. ; Molina, L. & Albir, A. H. 2002. Translation techniques revisited: A dynamic and functionalist approach. Meta: journal des traducteurs / Meta: Translators' Journal 47: 498-512. ; Munday, J. 2010. Introducing Translation Studies. Theories and Applications. London/New York: Routledge. ; Nida, E. 1964. Toward a Science of Translating: With Special Reference to Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ; Owji, Z. 2013. Translation strategies: A review and comparison of theories. Translation Journal 17. https://translationjournal.net/journal/63theory.htm (24 August 2020). ; Østergaard, S. 2014. The definition and processing of irony. Not published in a journal. https://www.sdu.dk/-/media/files/om_sdu/institutter/isk/forskningspublikationer/rask/rask+40/oestergaard.pdf (20 November 2020). ; Skorov, P. 2009. Translating literary irony: Elements for a practical framework. Vertimo Studijos 2: 88-103. ; Tuwim, J. 1955. Jarmark rymów. In: Dzieła. Warszawa: Czytelnik. ; Vallès, D. 2014. Applying Juliane House's Translation Quality Assessment Model (1997) on a humorous text: A case study of "The Simpsons". New Readings 14: 42–63. ; Venuti, L. 2008. The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. London/New York: Routledge. ; Vinay, J. P. & Darbelnet, J. 1972. Stylistique Comparée du Français et de L'Anglais: Méthode de Traduction. Paris: Didier. ; Wilson, D. & Sperber, D. 2012. Meaning and Relevance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; Zabalbeascoa, P. 2005. Humor and translation, an interdiscipline. Humor – International Journal of Humor Research 18: 185-207. ; Web 1 – Irony. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/irony (19 December 2018). ; Web 2 – Keep your breath to cool your porridge. https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/keep+your+breath+to+cool+your+porridge (24 August 2020). ; Web 3 – Save one's breath. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/save-one-s-breath (24 August 2020).

As a poetic exploration of the collaborative practice of Kelly + Jones (2014-2020), this article critiques processes employed by the artists to excavate writing and site with attention to aspects of sound. The sites of investigation include a disused quarry in Cambridge, UK . The use of the chalk quarry creates a unique ambience/ambiance – which can be considered theoretically in relation to phenomenological, dialogical, and post- feminist perspectives, in tandem with a partnered site of an old staircase with integral chalkboard in a former inner-city Victorian school. The site-specific nature of the investigation requires that environmental ambience is noted and processed through the body as a material quality instrumental in rendering form. The material ambience of site is also embroiled with the cultural ambiance of received convention and practices that seep into diverse modes of expression through and off the body that is inescapably conditioned by the translation of social relations. Also to consider is an inter-relational translation from environment to tissue where cultural memory embeds in the yet-to-emerge gestures of the anticipated. Throughout this text ambience is a reference to physical and sensed qualities and ambiance to the cultural uptake that conditions individual subjectivity within its political realm. The gouging and scarring of the landscape where chalk has been blasted, hacked and removed, and the striking of surfaces inherent in chalk on board in regimes of education and enculturation chime with the violent and strident nature of writing a subject into being, even more evident in acts of resistance. The sifting of dust particles into the lungs of workers and educators are a reaction inducing irritant causing bodies to spasm in coughs and soft tissue to mobilise and swell. The artists value this material and cultural aspect as a site of troublesome proliferation on the side of the feminine. The collaborative writing offers a glimpse into the artists' questioning of the material world of the human body and the spent bodies of marine-life which create chalk deposits, in order to explore the dialogic relationship of the body and its ambiant hauntological qualities . Though the project holds personal resonance and subjectivities for the artists tethered to site intimacy, in this instance they opt to share their research through the distance of third person. Through the culturally received dominance of the masculine empirical voice this could be viewed as a replication and appropriation of a hierarchical voice-as-trope rather than a subversion towards the non-binary. The artists have different intentions for use. By putting aside the intimacy of the first person the artists intend to draw attention to the there-yet-not-there qualities of the hauntological scene and to perhaps open a space where the reader can insert their own subjectivity as they wander through a newly encountered and perhaps dense terrain. A reader may find their own ways to enter the unoccupied space of first person and disrupt the flow of words and events, altering the course of the article within their individual encounter. Similarly, the practical research around writing resists using text because of its inherently hierarchical disposition in terms of gender, race and class codes and exclusions. By refusing to offer decipherable text in the practical investigations the artists set up an alternative provocation utilising grammatical signs and symbols. By tampering with the form and avoiding the defining sense of a word they aim to resist boundaries and enable 'the structural enigma which inaugurates the scene of writing'. (Castricano 2001) As part of their investigation into the site of writing, this essay creatively contemplates the role of the body as an instrument for making and storing sculptural sound documentation to excavate work based on re/calling, un/calling, production and erasure within phenomenological experience. Kelly + Jones embrace the unknown within research-creation as the ground for potentiality in thinking around chalk's materiality and the cultural significance of mark-making as a condition of writing a subject into being. The collaboration probes how this might be distilled into enmeshed visual and audial practice through creating a micro-ecology of sound-body interventions. Through their improvised gestures ambiance is situated as a dis/embodied oscillation that only exists in the moment of interplay between artists and site, which the artists consider live 'jamming sessions' within a responsive and improvised practice. The unforetold of improvisation and the discursive nature of ambiance necessitate the grapple of emergent subjectivity and its possible transgressions. The relationship between sound-body-landscape blurs the lines of formation of ambiance, as a site of re/action. Ambiance's unfaithful and generative translation into gesture resists ontological distinctions and casts shimmering generative interplays. The exploratory works in the quarry consider the artist as instrument and sensitised corporeal recording device, the pit as echo chamber, and the artists' interventions in the site as soundscapes – visceral, live scores that are embodied. The positioning of the artists' bodies as a point of resonance in building sculptural soundscapes constitutes a fragile and precarious interplay with the site. This evolving body of work is a series of multimedia-based artefacts and live works that explore the contextual process of writing through the body and the writing of sound-as-site into being. ; Hyperallergic

Peter R. Coss and Trevor John, eds., The early records of medieval Coventry, with the Hundred Rolls of 1280 (Records of social and economic history. New ser. xi: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1986. PpN. J. Williams, The maritime trade of the East Anglian ports, 1550‐1590 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. PpSouthamptonPeter Clark and David Souden, eds., Migration and society in early modern England (Hutchinson, 1988. PpThe Queen's University of BelfastPeter Edwards, The horse trade of Tudor and Stuart England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. PpUniversity of HeadingPaul Slack, Poverty and policy in Tudor and Stuart England (Longman, 1988. PpUniversity of HullSydney Check!and, The Elgins, 1766‐1917: a tale of aristocrats, proconsuls, and their wives (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1988. PpDeakin University, GeelongStanley H. Palmer, Police and protest in England and Ireland, 1780‐1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. PpUniversity of KansasRoger Lloyd‐Jones and M. J. Lewis, Manchester and the age of the factory (Croom Helm, 1988. PpUniversity of LeedsRobert Fitzgerald, British labour management and industrial welfare, 1846‐1939 (Croom Helm, 1988. PpCollege of St Paul and St May, CheltenhamDavid Jones, The origins of civic universities: Manchester, Leeds and Liverpool (Routledge, 1938. PpUniversity of East AngliaJ. A. Jowitt and A. J. Mclvor, eds., Employers and labour in the English textile industries, 1850‐1939 (Routledge, 1988. PpThe Queens University of BelfastT. R. Gourvish and Alan O'Day, eds., Later Victorian Britain, 1867‐igoo (Macmillan, 1988. PpThe Queen's University of BelfastKathleen E. McCrone, Sport and the physical emancipation of English women, 1870‐1914 (Routledge, 1988. PpThe Flinders University of South AustraliaWilliam J. Fishman, East End, 1888 (Duckworth, 1988. PpUniversity of LancasterDavid Kynaston, The Financial Times: a centenary history (Viking, 1988. PpUniversity of BristolBarbara Brookes, Abortion in England, 1900‐1967 (Croom Helm, 1988. PpUniversity of LancasterLinda Bryder, Below the Magic Mountain: a social history of tuberculosis in twentieth‐century Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. PpUniversity of GlasgowRobert W. D. Boyce, British capitalism at the crossroads, 7979‐7932: a study in politics, economics and international relations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. PpUniversity of BristolHerbert Loebl, Government factories and the origins of British regional policy, 1934‐1948 (Avebury: Gower Publishing, 1988. PpThames PolytechnicL. S. Pressnell, External economic policy since the war. Vol. i: The post‐war financial settlement (H.M.S.O., 1087. PD. v + SOI. 7 tables. 27 appendices. W)Imperial College, LondonH.J. Graff, The legacies of literacy (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987, PpWorcester College, OxfordR. M. Schwartz, Policing the poor in eighteenth‐century France (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988. PpUniversity of WarwickSergio Aiolfi, Calicos und gedrucktes Zeug: die Entwicklung der englischen Textiherede‐lung und der Tuchhandel der East India Company, 1650‐1750 (Stuttgart: Steiner, 1987. PpBielefeld UniversityJ. A. Marino, Pastoral economics in the kingdom of Naples (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. PpUniversity of EssexMyron P. Gutmann, Toward the modern economy: early industry in Europe, 1500‐1800 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988. PpUniversity of DurhamV. P. Danilov, Rural Russia under the new regime, translated and introduced by Orlando Figes (London: Hutchinson; Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1988. PpSchool of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of LondonLewis H. Siegelbaum, Stakhanovism and the politics of productivity in the USSR, 1935‐1941 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. PpUniversity of WarwickRonald Hoffman, John J. McCusker, Russell R. Menard, and Peter J. Albert, eds., The economy of early America: the revolutionary period, 1763‐1790 (Charlottesville, Virginia: United States Capital Historical Society; published by the University Press of Virginia, 1988. 30)Deakin University, GeelongSteven Ruggles, Prolonged connections: the rise of the extended family in nineteenth‐century England and America (Madison, Wisconsin and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. PpUniversity of GlasgowVincent P. Carosso, The Morgans: private international bankers, 1854‐1913 (London and Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1987. PpEdinburghHoward M. Gitelman, Legacy of the Ludlow massacre: a chapter in American industrial relations (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988. PpUniversity of BirminghamPaul A. Tiffany, The decline of American steel: how management, labor and government went wrong (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. PpBirkbeck College, University of LondonDietmar Rothermund, An economic history of India from pre‐colonial times to 1986 (Croom Helm, 1988. PpUniversity of BirminghamRyoushin Minami, The economic development of Japan: a quantitative study (Macmillan, 1986. PpLondon School of Economics & Political ScienceRichard Hodges, Primitive and peasant markets (Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. PpUniversity of Wales, SwanseaHubert H. Lamb, Weather, climate and human affairs: a book of essays and other papers (Routledge, 1988. PpJohn Kington, The weather of the 1780s over Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. PpLa Trobe University, MelbourneSolomos Solomou, Phases of economic growth, /S50‐/973: Kondratieff waves and Kuznets swings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. PpUniversity of WarwickE. J. Hobsbawm, The age of empire, 1875‐1914 (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987. PD. xii + AOA. 54 elates, n tables. 6 maps. 16.95)University of BristolE. L. Jones, Growth recurring: economic change in world history (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Pp

E. B. Fryde, William de la Pole, merchant and king's banker, (1366) (Hambledon Press, 1988. PpGrenville Astill and Annie Grant, eds., The countryside of medieval England (Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. PpLondonSusan Dwyer Amussen, An ordered society: gender and class in early modern England (Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. PpThe Open UniversityEric Kerridge, Trade and banking in early modern England (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988. PpGonville and Caius College, CambridgeRoger B. Manning, Village revolts: social protest and popular disturbances in England, 1509‐1640 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. PpLucinda McCray Beier, Sufferers and healers: the experience of illness in seventeenth‐century England (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. PpWellcome Unit for the History of Medicine, OxfordJ. S. Hurt, Outside the mainstream: a history of special education (Batsford, 1988. PpD.G. Wright, Popular radicalism: the working‐class experience, 1780‐1880 (London and New York: Lonsman. 1988. Po. x + 211. Paperback 5.95)Boyd Hilton, The age of atonement: the influence of evangelicalism on social and economic thought, 1795‐1865 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. PpWadham College, OxfordLilian Lewis Shiman, Crusade against drink in Victorian England (Macmillan, 1988. PpStewart Angas Weaver, John Fielden and the politics of popular radicalism, 1832‐1847 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987. PpAlan Armstrong, Farmworkers: a social and economic history, 1770‐1980 (Batsford, 1988. PpFrank Neal, Sectarian violence: the Liverpool experience, 1819‐1914: an aspect of Anglo‐Irish history (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987. PpJudy Slinn, Linklaters & Paines: the first one hundred and fifty years (Longman, 1988. PpCity of London PolytechnicW. J. Reader, The history of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1871‐1971 (Peter Peregrinus Ltd. on behalf of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1987. PpWilliam P. Kennedy, Industrial structure: capital markets and the origins of British economic decline (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. PpDavid Hey, Family history and local history in England (Longman, 1987. PpGeoffrey Jones (ed.), British multinationals: origins, management and performance (Aldershot: Gower, 1986. PpBernard Wakes, A class society at war: England, 1914‐1918 (Berg, 1987. PpThe Open UniversityAnne Crowther, British social policy, 1914‐1939 (Macmillan, 1988. PpLondon School of Economics & Political ScienceG. S. Peden, Keynes, the Treasury and British economic policy (Macmillan, 1988. PpBrunei UniversityRoger Price, A social history of nineteenth‐century France (Hutchinson, 1987. PpPeter D. Slachura (ed.), Unemployment and the great depression in Weimar Germany (Macmillan, 1986. PpKing's College, LondonPeter Hayes, Industry and ideology: IG Farben in the Nazi era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. PpPrinceton UniversityJohn H. Pryor, Geography, technology and war: studies in the maritime history of the Mediterranean, 649‐1571 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. PpDavid Cressy, Coming over: migration and communication between England and New England in the seventeenth century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. PpPolytechnic of North LondonMarcus Rediker, Between the devil and the deep blue sea: merchant seamen, pirates, and the Anglo‐American maritime world, 1700‐1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. PpDalhousie UniversityW. Ross Yates, Joseph Wharton, Quaker industrial pioneer (London: Golden Cockerell Press/Associated University Presses, 1988. PpLondon School of Economics & Political ScienceDavid Eltis, Economic growth and the ending of the transatlantic slave trade (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. PpRider College, New JerseyDavid C. Klingaman and Richard K. 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PpBill Albert and Adrian Graves, (eds.), The world sugar economy in war and depression, 1914‐40 (London and New York: Routledge, 1988. Pp

Book reviewed in this article:THE STRUGGLE FOR ASIA 1828–1914 A Study in British and Russian Imperialism. By David Gillard (London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1977)THE INCH OF TIME Memoirs of Politics and Diplomacy. By Howard Beale (Melbourne: Melbourne University)MUCKING ABOUT: An Autobiography. By Paul HasluckINVESTIGATING SOCIAL MOBILITY. By Leonard Broom, P. Duncan‐Jones, F. Lancaster Jones and Patrick McDonncllTAMING THE WILDERNESS: The First Decade of Pastoral Settlement in the Kennedy District. By Anne Allingham (Townsville: James Cook University, 1977)AUSTRALIA IN THE NEW WORLD ORDER: Foreign Policy in the 1970s. Edited by J A.C. Mackie (Melbourne: Nelson and the Australian Institute of International Affairs, 1976)CRITICAL ISSUES IN ORGANIZATIONS. Edited by Stewart Clegg and David Dunkerley (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977)THE ORIGINS OF BRITISH BOLSHEVISM. By Raymond Challinor (London: Croom Helm, 1977)EARLY VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT. By Oliver MacDonagh (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977)A SURVEY OF MEMBERS OF THE AMALGAMATED METAL WORKERS' UNION IN THE SYDNEY METROPOLITAN AREA. By the 1976 Field Studies Class, Department of Government, University of Sydney.AUSTRALIAN EXTERNAL POLICY UNDER LABOR: Content, Process and the National Debate. By Henry S. AlbinskiAUSTRALIA'S MILITARY ALLIANCES: A Study in Foreign and Defence Policies. By B. Chakravorty (New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1977)FRANCE 1848–1945, vol. 2: intellect, Taste and Anxiety. By Theodore ZeldinPLANNING—BECOMING—DEVELOPMENT A Study of Public Participation in Localized Social Planning Leading Towards Community Development. An Australian Assistance Plan Experience. By Tom O'BrienCOMRADE CHIANG CH'ING. By Roxane Witke (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977)NOBLES AND THE NOBLE LIFE 1295–1500. By Joel T. Rosenthal (London: Allen and Unwin, 1976)RURAL CATALONIA UNDER THE FRANCO REGIME: The Fate of Regional Culture Since the Spanish Civil War. By Edward C. HansenROBERT DELAVICNETTE ON THE FRENCH EMPIRE Selected Writings. Edited by William B. CohenTHE CANADIAN HOUSE OF COMMONS: Procedure and Reform. By John B. StewartSCOTLAND AND NATIONALISM: Scottish Society and Politics, 1707–1977. By Christopher Harvie (London: Allen and Unwin, 1977THE TRANSFER OF POWER, 1942–7, vol. 7: The Cabinet Mission. Edited by Nicholas Mansergh and Penderel Moon (London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1977)PARTIES AND PARLIAMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1964–1975: Two Studies. By P. Loveday and E.P. WolfersDOCUMENTS ON AUSTRALIAN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 1901–1918. Edited by Gordon Greenwood and Charles GrimshawAMERICAN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE MIDDLE EAST, 1784–1975: A Survey. By Thomas A. BrysonTHE ORIGINS OF THE MOROCCO QUESTION 1880–1900. By F.V. Parsons (London: Duckworth, 1976)ALTERNATIVES OF ETHNICITY: Immigrants and Aborigines in Anglo‐Saxon Australia. By William W. BostockTHE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT, 1939–1949. By Dennls J. DunnPEASANTS, POLITICS AND REVOLUTION: Pressures towards Political and Social Change in the Third World. By Joel S. MigdalTHE MARXIST CONCEPTION OF IDEOLOGY: A Critical Essay. By Martin SeligerTHE FIJI INDIANS: Challenge to European Dominance 1920–1946. By K.L. GillionRACE AND POLITICS IN FIJI. By Robert NortonAUTHORITARIANISM AND CORPORATISM IN LATIN AMERICA. Edited by James M. MalloyHUMAN NEEDS AND POLITICS. Edited by Ross FitzgeraldSTRUKTUREN DER UNTERENTWICKLUNC INDIEN 1757–1914: Eine Fallstudie über abhängige Reproduktion. By Werner KellerTOCSIN: Radical Arguments Against Federation 1897–1900. Edited by Hugh AndersonREVOLUTIONARY UNDERGROUND: The Story of the Irish Republican Brotherhood 1858–1924. By Leon O'BroinTHE PORTUGUESE ARMED FORCES AND THE REVOLUTION. By Douglas PorchFRANCE 1870–1914 Politics and Society. By R.D. AndersonTITO AS A POLITICAL LEADER AND EXTERNAL FACTORS IN YUGOSLAV POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT. By R.F. MillerCompiled and edited by Kenneth W. Wiltshire. (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1977)THE DIARIES AND CORRESPONDENCE OF DAVID CARGILL, 1832–1843. Edited by Albert J. SchützRESISTANCE IN THE DESERT Moroccan Responses to French Imperialism 1881–1912. By Ross E. DunnEdited by R.J. Johnston (Armidale: Department of Geography, University of New England, 1977)THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT AND EDUCATION 1964–1976 Political Initiatives and Developments. Edited by I.K.F. Birch and D. SmartA CHURCH FOR ITS TIME The Story of St. Thomas' Church, Toowong, Brisbane. By Helen GregoryTHE DEFENCE OF AUSTRALIA—FUNDAMENTAL NEW ASPECTS The Proceedings of a Conference Organised by lhe Strategic and Defence Studies Centre. Edited by Robert O'NeillTHE FUTURE OF TACTICAL AIRPOWER IN THE DEFENCE OF AUSTRALIA: The Proceedings of a Conference Organised by The Strategic and Defence Studies Centre.PUBLIC POLICY: Problems and Paradoxes. By Hugh V. Emy (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1976)WALTER MURDOCH: A Biographical Memoir. By John La NauzeTHE AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL SYSTEM. By Jean Holmes and Campbell SharmanPEOPLE VERSUS POWER. By Kenneth M. McCaw (Sydney: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978)PARTIES OUT OF POWER IN JAPAN, 1931–1941. By Gordon Mark BergerRECOLLECTIONS OF AN INDONESIAN DIPLOMAT IN THE SUKARNO ERA. By Ganis Harsono, edited by C.L.M. Penders and B.B. HeringHANDBOOK OF RESEARCH DESIGN AND SOCIAL MEASUREMENT. Third Edition. By Delbert C. Miller (New York: Longman Inc., 1977)THE QUEENSLAND YEARS OF ROBERT HERBERT, PREMIER: Letters and Papers. Edited by Bruce KnoxDEUTSCHE MILITÄRVERWALTUNGEN 1938/39 Die militärische Besetzung der Tschechoslowakei und Polens. By Hans UmbreitANTARCTICA: Or Two Years Amongst the Ice of the South Pole. By Otto Nordenskjold and J.G. AndersonTHE POLITICAL THEORY OF MONTESQUIEU. By Melvin RichterCHINA AND THE WORLD SINCE 1949: The Impact of Independence, Modernity and Revolution. By Wang Cungwu (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1977)

Book reviewed in this article:THE HOVERING GIANT: U.S. Responses to Revolutionary Change in Latin America. By Cole BlasierRATIONALITY AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: Contributions to the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences. Edited by S.I. Benn and G.W. MortimorePOLITICAL OBLIGATION. By Richard E. FlathmanELECTORAL BEHAVIOR A Comparative Handbook. Edited by Richard RoseABORIGINES IN COLONIAL SOCIETY, 1788–1850: From 'Noble Savage' to 'Rural Pest'. Edited by Jean WoolmingtonBLACK VIEWPOINTS: The Aboriginal Experience. Edited by Colin Tatz assisted by Keith McConnochieKANT AND THE PROBLEM OF HISTORY. By William A. GalstonTHE MAKING OF INDIAN POLICY 1853–1865 Relations of the Court af Directors, the India Board, the India Office and the Government of India. By Prashanto K. ChatterjiTOLERATION. By Preston KingTHE GERMAN PUBLIC MIND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: A Social History of German Political Sentiments, Aspirations and Ideas. By Frederick HertzINSIDE THE MONSTER: Writings on the United States and American Imperialism. By José Martí. Edited and with an introduction and notes by Philip S. FonerPUBLIC POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION IN AUSTRALIA A Reader. Edited by R.N. Spann and G.R. CurnowPROBLEMS IN AUSTRALIAN HISTORY Religion in Early Australia: The Problem of Church and State. Edited with an introduction by Jean WoolmingtonW. DILTHEY: SELECTED WRITINGS. Edited, translated and introduced by H.P. RickmanTHE LAW IN CRISIS Bridges of Understanding. By C.G. WeeramantryBROADCASTING IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA. By Ian K. MackayNEW DIMENSIONS OF WORLD POLITICS. Edited by Geoffrey L. Goodwin and Andrew LinklaterTHE CABINET OFFICE TO 1945. By S.S. WilsonFREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE A Study of the Political Ideas of Hegel's Phenomenology of Mind. By Judith N. ShklarTHE SOCIAL PROBLEM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF ROUSSEAU. By John CharvetJEAN BODlN AND THE RISE OF ABSOLUTIST THEORY. By Julian H. FranklinBLACK ARMADA. By Rupert LockwoodSIR MATTHEW NATHAN British Colonial Governor and Civil Servant. By Anthony P. HaydonTHE ART OF ANTICIPATION: Values and Methods in Forecasting. Edited by Solomon Encel, Pauline K. Marstrand and William PagePROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN SOCIAL FORECASTING. Edited by Christopher Freeman, Marie Jahoda and Ian MilesTHE TRANSFER OF POWER, 1942–7, vol. VI, THE POST‐WAR PHASE New Moves by the Labour Government, 1 August 1945–22 March 1946. Edited by Nicholas Mansergh and Penderel MoonU.S. POLICY AND STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC. By Yuan‐Li WuFOIJNDATIONS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. By Peter B. HarrisINTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL SCIENCE. Third edition. By Carlton Clymer Rodee, Totton James Anderson, Carl Quimby Christol and Thomas H. GreeneTHE STRANGE NEUTRALITY, SOVIET‐JAPANESE RELATIONS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1941–1945. By G.A. LensenLAND TENURE IN PRE‐REVOLUTIONARY CHINA Kiangsu Province in the 1920s and 1930s. By Robert AshA CRITICAL GUIDE TO THE KWANGTUNG PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES DEPOSITED AT THE PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE OF LONDON. By David PongSOCIETY AND POLITICS IN GERMANY 1500–1750. By G BeneckeIN THE ANGLO‐ARAB LABYRINTH: The McMahon‐Husayn Correspondence and its Interpretations 1914–1939. By Elie KedourieTHE ARABS IN ISRAEL. By Sabri JiryisTHE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT, FROM COMINTERN TO COMINFORM. By F. ClaudinWOMEN AS CITIZENS A Comparative Review. By Josephine F. MilburnWHITE ON THE MEDIA. By Brian WhiteMATHEMATICAL APPROACHES TO POLITICS. Edited by H.R. Alker, Jr., K.W. Deutsch and A.H. StoetzelSOCIALIST OWNERSHIP AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS. By Wlodzimierz Brus, translated by R.A. ClarkePUBLIC, TRADE UNION AND COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE IN GERMANY: The Commonweal Idea. By Walter Hesselbach, translated from the German by Karl KuhneSOVIET FOREIGN POLICY, 1962–1973 The Paradox of Super Power. By Robin EdmondsA HANDBOOK TO ELECTIONS IN UTTAR PRADESH 1920–1951. By P.D. Reeves, B.D. Graham and J.M. GoodmanUNTO GOD AND CAESAR Religious issues in the Emerging Commonwealth 1891–1906. By Richard ElyLEADERSHIP IN FIJI. By Rusiate NayacakalouLOCAL POLITICS AND THE RISE OF PARTY: The London Municipal Society and the Conservative Intervention in Local Elections 1894–1963. By Ken YoungSOLDIERS AND POLITICS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: Civil‐Military Relations in Comparative Perspective. By J. Stephen HoadleyA BLANKET A YEAR. Bv Leonard Broom and F. Lancaster JonesABORKINAL HEALTH. By Peter M. MoodieKASHMIR IN TRANSITION 1885–1893. By Dilip Kumar GhoseA RESEARCH GUIDE TO AUSTRALIAN POLITICS AND COGNATE SUBJECTS (ARGAP). By Henry Mayer with Margaret Bettison and Judy KeeneMINDFUL MILITANTS The Amalgamated Engineering Union in Australia, 1920–1972. By T. SheridanTHE FUTURE OF AUSTRALIAN FEDERALISM. By Gordon Greenwood. Second editionMELBOURNE STUDIES IN EDUCATION 1976. Edited by Stephen Murray‐SmithROYAL COMMISSIONS AND DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEES IN BRITAIN A Case‐study in Institutional Adaptiveness and Public Participation in Government. By T.J. CartwrightLEGISLATIVE STAFFING: A Comparative Perspective. Edited by James J. Heaphey and Alan P. BalutisTHE SILENT DICTATORSHIP The Politics of the German High Command under Hindenburg and Ludendorff, 1916–1918. By Martin KitchenTRIAL OF FAITH Religion and Politics in Tocqueville's Thought. By Doris S. GoldsteinVOTING FOR THE QUEENSLAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1890–1964. By Colin A. Hughes and B.D. GrahamVOTING FOR THE VICTORIAN LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1890–1964 (1975).VOTING FOR THE NEW SOUTH WALES LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 1890–1964 (1975).VOTING FOR THE SOUTH AUSTRALIAN, WESTERN AUSTRALIAN AND TASMANIAN LOWER HOUSES 1890–1964 (1976).OUR PARTNERSHIP. By Beatrice Webb. Edited by Barbara Drake and Margaret I. Cole with an introduction by George FeaverA CONSTITUTION FOR THE SOCIALIST COMMONWEALTH OF GREAT BRITAIN. By Sidney and Beatrice Webb. With an introduction by Samuel H. BeerMETHODS OF SOCIAL STUDY. By Sidney and Beatrice Webb. With an introduction by T.H. MarshallTHE CORRESPONDENCE OF G.E. MORRISON, vol. I, 1895–1912. Edited by Lo Hui‐min