Suchergebnisse

En este artículo pretendemos dar una mirada geopolítica, de la percepción política y estratégica, que proyectó Simón Bolívar en la Carta de Jamaica, internacionalizando la posición de la América meridional ante el contexto mundial. El mismo lo hemos estructurado de la siguiente manera: Introducción; 1.- Bolívar y el tiempo de la emancipación; 2.- Múltiples apreciaciones de la Carta de Jamaica; 3.- La mirada del provincialismo hispanoamericano en la Carta de Jamaica; 4.- La interpretación Chavista de la Carta de Jamaica; 5.- El enfoque geopolítico en la Carta de Jamaica; y las consideraciones finales. ; In this article we give a look geopolitical, political and strategic perception, which projected Simon Bolivar in the Charter of Jamaica, internationalizing the position of South America to the global context. The same we have structured as follows: Introduction; 1.-Bolivar and time of emancipation; 2.- Multiple appraisals of the charter of Jamaica; 3.- Look hispanic american provincialism in the Charter of Jamaica; 4.- The Chavista interpretation of the Charter of Jamaica; 5.- Geopolitical approach in the Charter of Jamaica; and final considerations. ; 61-90 ; claumon@cantv.net

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Gem of Central Asia -- 1.1.1 Contributions to Science -- 1.2 Central Asia and Uzbekistan in the Works of Ancient Authors -- 1.3 Location -- 1.4 Nature -- 1.4.1 Climate -- 1.4.2 Temperature -- 1.4.3 Solar Radiation -- 1.4.4 Precipitation -- 1.4.5 Climate Change -- 1.4.6 Flora and Fauna -- 1.4.7 Flora -- 1.4.8 Fauna -- 1.5 History -- 1.6 The Revival of the Great Silk Route -- 1.7 Common Resources, History, and Future -- References -- 2: Historical Geography -- 2.1 State Building -- 2.1.1 Ancient History -- 2.1.2 Medieval Development -- 2.1.3 Colonization -- 2.1.4 The Soviet Period -- 2.1.5 Independence -- 2.2 Governance -- 2.2.1 Government -- 2.2.2 The Electoral System -- 2.2.3 After Karimov -- 2.3 Cultural Geography -- 2.3.1 Historical Roots -- 2.3.2 Cultural Life -- 2.3.3 Religion -- 2.3.4 Gender Issues -- 2.3.5 Education -- 2.3.6 Music -- 2.3.7 Theater -- 2.3.8 Literature -- 2.3.9 Newspapers and Magazines -- 2.4 Architecture -- 2.4.1 Ancient Monuments -- 2.4.2 Modern Architecture -- 2.5 Food -- 2.5.1 Bread Is Sacred -- 2.5.2 The Tea Ceremony -- 2.5.3 Uzbek Cuisine -- 2.5.4 Fruit and Vegetables -- 2.6 Clothing -- 2.7 Traditions and Rituals -- 2.7.1 Weddings -- 2.7.2 The Birth of a Child -- 2.7.3 Consecration of the Mother -- 2.8 Holidays -- 2.8.1 New Year -- 2.8.2 Navruz -- 2.8.3 Religious Holidays -- 2.9 Arts and Crafts -- 2.9.1 Cold Steel from Fergana -- 2.9.2 Gold Embroidery -- 2.9.3 Carpet Weaving -- 2.9.4 Embroidery -- 2.9.5 Ceramics -- 2.9.6 Silk Fabrics -- 2.9.7 Copper Embossing -- 2.9.8 Wood Carving -- References -- 3: Geography of Resources -- 3.1 Global Geological Processes and Geology of Uzbekistan -- 3.1.1 Geological Evolution of Asia -- 3.1.2 Geological Evolution of Uzbekistan.

A los fines de dilucidar la metamorfosis de las jefaturas mapuche-tehuelches del norte de la Patagonia entre 1850 y 1880, este trabajo compara los corpus de correspondencia en español que los primos Llanquitruz y Saygüeque escribieron con la ayuda de secretarios al inicio y al final del período, durante coyunturas críticas de sus respectivos cacicatos. El autor indaga cuáles fueron los cambios cualitativos entre ambas estructuras políticas, proponiendo una reconsideración del tropo de la máquina de guerra, un concepto diseñado por Deleuze y Guattari para pensar la ambivalencia de las estrategias nómadas en relación al poder. El artículo recupera dicha metonimia para analizar la dinámica de negociación y conflicto entre estas jefaturas con el emergente Estado argentino. Se interpretan además las representaciones mapuche-tehuelches de las estructuras de poder y parentesco, el territorio y la geopolítica, mediante los textos que producían los indígenas. ; In order to elucidate the metamorphosis of the Mapuche-Tehuelche chiefdoms in Northern Patagonia between 1850 and 1880, this paper compares the corpuses of correspondence written in Spanish by cousins Llanquitruz and Saygüeque with the assistance of their secretaries, during critical times in their respective chiefdoms. The author explores the qualitative changes between each political structure, proposing a review of the trope of the "war machine", a concept developed by Deleuze and Guattari, useful to reason upon the nomadic strategies and their ambivalence in relation to power. The article recalls this metonymy to analyze the dynamics of negotiation and conflict between these chiefdoms and the emerging state of Argentina. It also recognizes the MapucheTehuelche representations of the structures of power and kinship, territory and geopolitics, by focusing on texts produced by indigenous people. ; Fil: Vezub, Julio Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the role of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in the framework of Latin American integration processes, in light of the main transformations of domestic and regional politics, the ideological turns in some of the member countries and geopolitical tensions in Latin America in the last decade. The analysis is based on a historical and documentary review of some of the most significant Latin American integration processes, the political and economic tensions that have inspired them, locating and prioritizing the role of the PA from the crises of some regional spaces (economic and sociopolitical) such as the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Methodologically, a historical hermeneutic analysis was made (Habermas, 1997) of the secondary information collected: press archives, founding documents, the regulations, and the joint declarations of the summits of the member countries of the Pacific Alliance in a period of time that goes from its foundation in 2011 to 2020. Among the main findings of this study was the vindication of the relationship between economic and sociopolitical integration and the development of forms of South-South cooperation in the continent with the leadership of some of the Emerging Countries of Latin America. Keywords: regional integration, Pacific Alliance, Economic Integration, Political Integration, Ideological Turns. ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el papel de la Alianza del Pacífico (AP) en el marco de los procesos de integración latinoamericana, a la luz de las principales transformaciones de la política doméstica y regional, los giros ideológicos en algunos de los países miembros y las tensiones geopolíticas en América Latina en la última década. El análisis partió de una revisión histórica y documental de algunos de los procesos de integración latinoamericana más significativos, las tensiones políticas y económicas que los han inspirado, ubicando y priorizando, el rol de la AP a ...

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; "The next energy crisis by Geoffrey Chandler": p. 17-25. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 77 S441-19 ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

La creación de espacios extractivos, agroindustriales y ecológicos en los territorios indígenas plantea una serie de interrogantes sobre el futuro de esos territorios y, especialmente, sobre el proyecto de autonomía territorial y política de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina y el mundo. Esos espacios son ante todo espacios sociales y están atravesados por relaciones de poder que definen fronteras móviles entre la vida y la muerte, la dominación y la autonomía, la inclusión y la exclusión. Este artículo indaga sobre la situación del pueblo y del territorio awá en Ecuador en un contexto de incremento de las presiones territoriales-ambientales por parte del estado y las empresas forestales, mineras y palmicultoras, y de la multiplicación de las acciones enfocadas a la conservación de su "naturaleza" por parte de los actores involucrados en las ecopolíticas globales. ; The creation of extractive, agro-industrial and ecological spaces in indigenous territories raises a series of questions regarding the future of these territories and, particularly, the indigenous project of territorial and political autonomy in Latin America and elsewhere. These spaces are first of all social spaces, crossed and interwoven by power relations that define mobile frontiers between life and death, domination and autonomy, inclusion and exclusion. This paper deals with the situation of the Awá people and their territory in Ecuador, in a context of growing territorial and environmental pressures from the state, logging, mining, and palm-oil companies, as well as from the growing interest and actions regarding the conservation of its "nature".

A questão ambiental e dos recursos naturais, pela mudança climática em curso, crescente escassez e aumento populacional global, se tornou motivo de preocupação e de segurança internacional. A América do Sul se insere nesse contexto devido à sua riqueza natural e hídrica, o que desperta interesse internacional e torna latente a necessidade de marcos regulatórios para essas questões. O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um panorama dos recursos naturais sul-americanos, especialmente da água, buscando não apenas ressaltar como esse tema ganha espaço no cenário internacional e no âmbito da segurança, mas evidenciando a necessidade premente de ações compartilhadas entre os Estados sul-americanos na construção de diretrizes para o manejo e defesa dessa riqueza natural da região, algo que envolve inclusive interesses globais. ABSTRACTThe environmental and natural resources issues, because of the ongoing climate change, the growing scarcity, and the global population growth have become a cause of concern and international security. South America is inserted in this context due to its natural and water richness, which attracts international interest and makes latent the need for regulatory frameworks in this area. The objective of this article is draw a scenery of the South American natural resources, especially water, not only to highlight how this issue gains space in the international scene and in the area of international security, but highlighting the urgent need of shared actions among the southern americans states on the construction of guidelines for the management and the defense of this natural wealth of the region, something that involves global interests.Palavras-Chave: Recursos Naturais; América do Sul; Recursos Hídricos; Segurança Internacional; Meio AmbienteKeywords: Natural Resources; South America; Water Resources; International Security; Environment Recebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018 | Aceito em 24 de março de 2018.Received on January 30, 2018 | Accepted on March 24, 2018.

El presente es un artículo teórico que expone en qué consiste y cuáles son las propuestas principales de la denominada geopolítica crítica, así como cuáles son las principales apreciaciones al respecto desde la geopolítica clásica y neoclásica. En tal sentido, señalamos que la propuesta de geopolítica crítica, realizada por un grupo de geógrafos políticos anglosajones, se ha traducido en un importante estímulo al debate epistemológico en geografía política, así como también en otras disciplinas que estudian la política mundial, tales como la Ciencia Política y las Relaciones Internacionales, entre otras. Dicho debate ha ocurrido principalmente —si bien no únicamente— en la academia anglosajona, siendo menos desarrollado y conocido en la academia latinoamericana. Asimismo, contextualizamos este debate en el desarrollo histórico de la geografía política como disciplina académica. ; This is a theoretical article that exposes the meaning and the main proposals of the so-called critical geopolitics, as well as which are the main criticisms that have arisen from classical and neo-classical geopolitics. In this sense, it is pointed out that the critical geopolitics proposal, made by a group of Anglo-Saxon political geographers, has resulted in an important stimulus to the epistemological debate in Political Geography, as well as in other disciplines that study world politics, such as Political Science and International Relations, among others. This debate has occurred, mainly (although not only) in the Anglo-Saxon academy, being less developed and known in the Latin American academy. Likewise, this debate is contextualized in the historical development of political geography as an academic discipline.

Energy geopolitics are currently strained by three factors: the acceleration of global warming to which fossil combustion contributes, the growing dispute over these resources and their progressive depletion. Despite the climate crisis, companies and governments are forcing the hydrocarbon frontier, advancing on deposits that require techniques such as fracking, mega-mining and deep-water platforms. On a scale, South America reproduces these dynamics and tests such ventures. Due to their magnitude, the two most prominent examples of this are those of Vaca Muerta, in the southwest of Argentina, and Pre-salt, on the Brazilian coast. In this article we will study their historical development, the actors participating in their exploitation and their projections. ; La geopolítica de la energía se encuentra tensionada actualmente por tres factores: la aceleración del calentamiento global al cual contribuye la combustión fósil, la creciente disputa por estos recursos y su progresivo agotamiento. Pese a la crisis climática, empresas y gobiernos fuerzan la frontera hidrocarburífera, avanzando sobre depósitos que requieren de técnicas como el fracking, la megaminería y las plataformas de aguas profundas. A escala, Sudamérica reproduce estas dinámicas y ensaya emprendimientos de este tipo. Por su magnitud, los dos ejemplos más destacados de ello son los de Vaca Muerta, al sudoeste de Argentina, y el Pré-sal, en el litoral de Brasil. En este artículo estudiaremos la trayectoria histórica, los actores participantes en su explotación y las proyecciones de ambos.

Intro -- Foreword -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Studying Russian geopolitical imagination -- Renaissance of geopolitics -- Conspiracy, dialogue and political participation -- Part I Geopolitical Culture: Approaches to Understanding -- 1 The Logic of Recognition, Confrontation and Exceptionalism in Russian Geopolitical Culture -- Russia's "perpetual geopolitics" -- Struggle for recognition and Russian geopolitical imagination -- "Large space" and isolationism -- The stigma of barbarism -- Conclusions -- 2 Creating Usable Spaces in Education: Textbooks on Geopolitics -- Introduction -- Geopolitics Redux: Studying, Teaching, Selling -- Geopolitics: Ideology or pragmatism? -- "Laws of geopolitics" -- Securitization in textbooks -- Biopolitics and the rhetoric of "energy" -- Spatialization of history and the anti-colonial rhetoric -- Conclusions -- 3 "Civilizationism" in Russian Geopolitical Culture -- Introduction -- The mainstream political debates, "sovereign democracy" and the ideology of "Edinaia Rossiia" -- ROC and civilizational discourses -- The logic of fragility and security in civilizational discourses -- Conclusions -- 4 Geopolitical Imagination and Russian Imperial Science Fiction -- Introduction -- The Big Other of post-Soviet SF -- Geopolitics of civilizations -- The imperial sublime in Russian SF -- Biology and energy -- Engaging with Strugatsky brothers -- Orthodox SF -- Conclusions -- Part II Imaginary Places -- 5 "Holy Russia" -- Introduction -- "Holy Russia" project -- "Holy Russia" as a civilization -- Mapping Kirill's pastoral visits -- 6 Continent Eurasia in Russian Geopolitical Imagination -- Introduction -- Defining Eurasian continentalism -- "Naturalness" -- Hyperbole of development -- Hyperbole of autonomy -- Hyperbole of authenticity -- Conclusions.