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More than 20 years ago, Rojo published [1] an algorithm for solving linear systems where the matrix is tridiagonal symmetric Toeplitz and diagonal dominant. The technique proposed by Rojo is very efficient, O(n), and has been applied successfully in the solution of other similar problems: circulant tridiagonal systems, pentadiagonal Toeplitz systems, etc. In this article we extend Rojo's algorithm to the case of non-diagonal dominant matrices, thus completing a good tool in the aforementioned applications. Other algorithms that solve the same problem are also analysed and compared with the new version of Rojo's algorithm. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ; Supported by Spanish Government (Projects TIN2008-06570-C04 and TEC2009-13741), and Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEO/2009/013). ; Vidal Maciá, AM.; Alonso-Jordá, P. (2012). Solving systems of symmetric Toeplitz tridiagonal equations: Rojo's algorithm revisited. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 219(4):1874-1889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2012.08.030 ; S ; 1874 ; 1889 ; 219 ; 4

This study examines time and trend plots: Application to aggregate mean of water pollutants discharged in streams and rivers in Ibadan environs. The data was collected from the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria. This study is therefore meant to study the impact of the regulatory measures by the government on the discharge of water pollutants in streams and rivers. It is supposed that with these regulatory measures, water pollutants discharge in streams and rivers should be on the decrease. Specifically, data were collected on alkalinity; total hardness; calcium hardness; magnesium hardness; total solids; total suspended solids; total dissolved solids; chloride; sodium chloride; dissolved oxygen; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; oil and grease. The study reveals (1) Aggregate mean of water pollutants quarterly. (2) Gradual reduction of water pollutants discharge in streams and rivers from the fitted model (3) Gradual increase of water pollutants discharge in streams and rivers from the predicted values.

Part 1: Sustainability ; International audience ; Industrial symbiosis (IS) has gained more attention in the production economics as the pressure on companies increases for the reduction of waste emissions as well as of primary resources consumption. At present, as the number of IS initiatives increases, many issues about its boundaries, such as the entities involved and the resources shared/exchanged, still continue to remain open. A common classification of IS networks does still not exist.Input-output matching is the most significant tool to analyze IS. To this aim, we adopt an input-output approach for defining an IS network, and for proposing a classification model at the technical level (i.e. physical flow type, number of production chains involved, and network structure).The proposed approach is applied to several existing IS networks to describe as it works. This classification framework can be useful for companies to set strategies and for local government to plan policies.

In this paper, we argue that government approaches to addressing the claims of Aboriginal peoples in Canada are insufficient. Historically, these approaches have focused on redistribution. At the same time, these approaches have all but ignored recognition. We argue that a more holistic approach that addresses both redistribution and recognition is necessary. Further, we attempt to show that our approach is consistent with the tenets of liberalism. By conceiving of Aboriginal politics as such, the state may be better able to address claims. We begin by providing a theoretical overview of redistribution and recognition, respectively. Then, we proceed to show how redistribution and recognition must work together in an adequate account of justice with respect to Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Finally, we offer a conception of Aboriginal politics that fulfills this desideratum, and integrates the principle of recognition and redistribution in a way that is within the bounds of liberalism.

ResumenEn Venezuela, al igual que en otros países de Latinoamérica, durante el siglo XIX la tesis federalistase llegó a identificar con el liberalismo político, lo que no ocurrió en países como Francia, donde el pensamiento liberal, derivado de las ideas de la Ilustración, contribuyó a reforzar la tendencia centralista, que venía desde el antiguo régimen. En las presentes consideraciones se pretende descubrir el origen de esta diferencia, para lo cual se analiza el itinerario ideológico de los ambos conceptos enEuropa, en Norteamérica y en Venezuela.Liberalism and federalismAbstractIn Venezuela, as well as in other Latin American countries during the XIX century, the Federalist thesis became associated with political liberalism, unlike other countries such as France, where liberal thinking stemmed from illustration and aided in reinforcing centralist trends from previous governments. These considerations seek to unveil the origin of the difference, by analyzing the ideological itinerary of both concepts in Europe, North America and Venezuela.

Although government-funded specialist smoking cessation services in England offer advice and support to smokers motivated to quit, only a small proportion of smokers make use of this service. Evidence suggests that if smokers are proactively and personally invited to use services, use will be higher than with a standard referral made by health professionals. Computer-based systems generating personalised tailored communications also have the potential to engage with a larger proportion of the smoking population. In this study smokers are proactively invited to use the NHS Stop Smoking Service (SSS), with a personal computer-tailored letter and the offer of a no-commitment introductory session designed to give more information about the service. The primary objective is to assess the relative effectiveness on attendance at the NHS SSS, of proactive recruitment by a brief personal letter, tailored to individual characteristics, and invitation to a taster session, over a standard generic letter advertising the service.

Rabies is a prime example of a neglected tropical disease that mostly affects communities suffering from inequitable health care [1]. The false perception that rabies impacts on society are low is due to case under-reporting and limited awareness of the disease burden [2], [3]. Effective tools for elimination of terrestrial rabies are available [4]. While the sustained deployment of these tools has led to some remarkably successful interventions [5], [6], canine rabies continues to claim lives in rabies-endemic countries and areas of re-emergence, where >95% of human deaths occur as a result of bites by rabid domestic dogs [7], [8]. Control programs targeting dogs can effectively reduce the risk of rabies to humans [3], [9]. However, the design and implementation of such programs still pose considerable challenges to local governments, and a lack of easy-to-use guidelines has been identified as an important reason for this.

Biological diversity was an invaluable asset because it had amazing potency. The uniqueness of nature and its climate had put Indonesia as megabiodiversity country. In other side, high exploration of resources and policies have a little concern on ecology and biodiversity preservation had threatened sustainability of species. Regulation of Forestry Minister number 324/2010 stated Tulobolo-Pinogu Resort of Boganinani Wartabone National Park as a limited production forest. According Government Regulation Number 7/1999, ebony (Diospyros spp.) was protected species. The objective of this research was to inventory all of tree species in Tulabolo-Pinogu especially eboni as to attempt of biodiversity conservation. This study used transect lines method with 3 hectare sampling area. This research found 6 species of ebony, 3 has been reported that D. buxifolia, D. minahassae and D. korthalsiana, 3 newly reporte D. cauliflora, D. malabarica and D. pilosanthera. All of ebony were found is very limited and vulnerable.

As of April 2010, all maternity care at government healthcare facilities in Sierra Leone is provided at no cost to patients. In late 2010, we conducted a community health census of 18 sections of the city of Bo (selected via randomized cluster sampling from 68 total sections). Among the 3421 women with a history of pregnancy who participated in the study, older women most often reported having a history of both home and hospital deliveries, while younger women showed a preference for hospital births. The proportion of lastborn children delivered at a healthcare facility increased from 71.8% of offspring 10–14 years old to 81.1% of those one to nine years old and 87.3% of infants born after April 2010. These findings suggest that the new maternal healthcare initiative has accelerated an existing trend toward a preference for healthcare facility births, at least in some urban parts of Sierra Leone.

In 1998 the federal government launched a consultation process which pointed out that nothing significant had been done to change federal anti-cruelty laws in Canada since 1892. The consultation process concluded that among other concerns, outdated wording of the law has prevented the prosecution of many serious animal abusers. Since 1999 there have been a number of failed amendments to the Criminal Code anti-cruelty provisions. This study examines the trajectory of the proposed changes since 1999 to the present, using official transcripts of Canadian parliamentary debates, and seeks to understand the politics of animal cruelty legislation in Canada. Using thematic analysis, this paper explores how resistance to the amendments is articulated and rationalized, as well as the grounds upon which proponents argue in favour of amending the anti-cruelty provisions. The study ultimately sheds light on the failure to bring 19th century Canadian criminal laws into the 21st century.

Health is seen as a major key for development and many developing country governments invest in ICT-based Health Information Systems (HIS). The purpose of this paper is to explore physicians' hopes and fears for implementing Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems in Bangladeshi hospitals. Data was collected through interviews and observations at two Bangladeshi hospitals. We found very little use of EHR systems at the hospitals and many physicians were skeptical of using EHR systems. Whereas this skepticism could be seen as a symptom of backward thinking our analysis found much of this skepticism to be reasonable. In this way this research contributes to the ongoing debate on how to implement HIS in developing countries. We articulate and analyze users' concerns beyond mere "attitudes" and "acceptance". Our results show that the fears and concerns on the hospital floors are legitimate and should be taken into consideration when HIS projects are initiated.

There is a growing concern amongst football supporters, government and the wider community about the increasing level of financial and operational difficulties facing many of today's professional football clubs. The focus of much of this concern currently centers on the many of the clubs owners and where their interests really lie. Clubs that were once the cornerstones of local communities run with sporting success as the primary motivator are seemingly becoming the 'playthings' of wealthy individuals with no links to the community or the clubs history. This paper details a history of club ownership in the Premier League through to present day. It then examines current regulation in the football industry and focuses on the applicability of Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006. The paper concludes by detailing alternative forms of ownership as a possible solution to one of footballs most enduring corporate governance challenges.

It has been accepted for a long time that ministries use external support during the lawmaking process. When the Ministry of Economics delegated the drafting of an entire bill to a private law firm, concerns about governmental capacity and an intransparent route of access for special interests have been raised. The empirical analysis of delegated law drafting and temporary employment of experts, seconded from business firms and interest groups to ministries, shows that both phenomena remain small in scale and therefore of limited impact. By looking at the reasons why there is a "law drafting by contract" at all, it is revealed that not all German ministries are sufficiently staffed with qualified personnel to deal with more complex and innovative subjects of legislation. Given the high expectations which are addressed at government sovereignty during the lawmaking process, this appears as an unresolved problem of policy-making in the German political system. Adapted from the source document.

In the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. government oversaw the production of civil defense films designed to educate the population about what to do in the event of nuclear war. This article uses films from two distinct periods -- the early 1950s and the early 1960s -- as a point of departure for discussing U.S. civil defense policies during the Cold War. The article traces four key shifts in the film program's rhetorical strategies. First, an early focus on ideological matters was replaced with an emphasis on practical steps citizens could take. Second, the early conventionalizing of nuclear dangers was replaced by a more subtle integration of those dangers into everyday life. Third, the early films' narrative structures were replaced by a straightforward, documentary-style approach. Finally, the early flippancy with which nuclear war was treated was replaced by a deadly seriousness. These rhetorical shifts indicate that the civil defense establishment was capable of reacting to scientific, political, and popular pressures. Adapted from the source document.

In the preservation of local culture, local government policy is required to make local regulation (Perda)which can be used as a handbook for architects and building owners, when making a plan fordevelopment in public areas but do not forget to give a typical sign of Makassar or 'raises 'traditionalarchitectural style of South Sulawesi in building offices or public buildings. South SulawesiProvincial Government's efforts to pioneer the construction of buildings or new buildings that stillemphasizes architectural Bugis-Makassar, as exemplified in 1978 by building the Office of theParliament of South Sulawesi and South Sulawesi Governor's Office, is an effort to respond positively.But these efforts did not last long. The architects, in for some time, still seems to apply the modelTimpalaja (timpanon) as a prominent feature of traditional roof Bugis-Makassar on the buildings, alsoseemed to have started to disappear from the presence of buildings or new buildings that would be anew icon for the city of Makassar.