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If taken at its extreme, Russia's Mar 2000 presidential election is a fundamental turn away from democracy. Although the election was conducted as constitutionally prescribed, the state still has too much power in the electoral process. Vladimir Putin was able to succeed because of his popularity in the Russian-provoked war with Chechnya, as well as the facts that Yeltsin resigned early & Putin had all the resources of the state for his campaign. Putin is not prodemocratic, & the fact that he was elected shows that the future of democracy in Russia is uncertain. In The Feudal Analogy, Charles H. Fairbanks, Jr., suggests that Russia may be similar to a feudal state, with its lack of distinction between the welfare of the ruling class & that of the larger community. In Can Electoral Autocracy Survive?, Lilia Shevtsova states that Russia has reached a dead end because it has failed to choose a civilizational model. R. Larsen

Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Part 1: Histories -- Chapter 1. Jewish Combatants of the Red Army Confront the Holocaust / Altshuler, Mordechai -- Chapter 2. Ilʹia Ehrenburg and the Holocaust in the Soviet Press / Rubenstein, Joshua -- Chapter 3. Jews at War: Diaries from the Front / Budnitskii, Oleg -- Chapter 4. Jews as Cossacks: A Symbiosis in Literature and Life / Estraikh, Gennady -- Chapter 5. How the Jewish Intelligentsia Created the Jewishness of the Jewish Hero: The Soviet Yiddish Press / Zeltser, Arkadi -- Part II: Representation, Documentation, and Interpretation -- Chapter 6. Foreshadowing the Holocaust: Boris Slutskii's Jewish Poetic Cycle of 1940/41 / Grinberg, Marat -- Chapter 7. Poetry After Kerch': Representing Jewish Mass Death in the Soviet Union / Murav, Harriet -- Chapter 8. Between the Permitted and the Forbidden: The Politics of Holocaust Representation in The Unvanquished (1945) / Gershenson, Olga -- Chapter 9. From Photojournalist to Memory Maker: Evgenii Khaldei and Soviet Jewish Photographers / Shneer, David -- Chapter 10. Memoirs / Slutskii, Boris / Romm, Mikhail / Rybakov, Anatolii -- Chapter 11. Afterword Soviet Jews in World War II: Experience, Perception and Interpretation / Gitelman, Zvi -- Index

The role of Russia in the European energy security has never before been pictured as ambivalent as today. Arguments based on security policy considerations dominate the public und academic debate of energy security. This article examines the securitization arguments & regards the existing interdependencies, which link European & Russian energy industries. Adapted from the source document.