Suchergebnisse

У монографії досліджується ставлення уряду Франції доби Нанолеона І до південно- західних земель Російської імперії, які сьогодні належать до складу Української держави. Це ставлення розглядається як багаторівневе історичне явище, яке, хоч формувалося під впливом військово-політичного зацікавлення Нанолеона Східною Європою, визначалося змістом інформаційних потоків, які наснажували уяву французьких діячів, а також особливостями культурних узвичаєнь, світогляду, ментальності цих представників західної цивілізації. Головною джерельною базою дослідження стали документи з архівів Франції, Австрії, Польщі й України. Серед використаних у дослідженні наукових методів важлива роль належить інструментарію культурної антропології та психології уяви, який допомагає зрозуміти історичну реальність з точки зору її безпосередніх акторів, тобто Наполеона і його політичного оточення.

This document tracks the temperance movement in Malta which occurred during the British occupation. The movement featured numerous shades of Christianity- namely, Christians, Protestants and Methodists. Two individuals who were responsible for the cause were Reverend John Laverack and George Wisely. ; N/A

The paper explores the evolution of agriculture in Kazakhstan during its accession to the Russian Empire. At this time, two independent sectors were established in the uniform agricultural mechanism of Kazakhstan: The arable farming, which developed due to the colonization policy of the Russian government, and the livestock sector, based on the traditional cattle breeding, originating in Kazakh steppe. The focus of the research is specifically determined by the fact that the agrarian reforms in Kazakhstan in the 21st century are based on the coexistence of these two independent sectors in agriculture. The article thus looks at three main issues. Firstly, according to the sources of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, the migration policy of the Russian government, initiating a vast territorial expansion of the Russian speaking population, and economic transformations in agriculture on Kazakhstan territory. Secondly, the transformation of the livestock sector in Kazakhstan is analyzed in historical retrospect. The author argues that the classic type of nomadic cattle breeding began to change from the turn of the 18th–19th centuries, but the most noticeable changes in the composition of the herd and the type of nomadism were observed from the beginning of the 20th century. Thirdly, the formation of the arable farming, the impetus for the development of which was given by Russian colonization, is studied. The beginning of arable farming among nomads in the Kazakh steppe dates to the beginning of the 19th century, but it was fully developed at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries due to the allotment of lands to peasants from Central Russia. Arable farming is most widespread in Akmola, Turgay, Semirechensk and Syr Darya regions. Thus, the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, considered in the paper, proved to be the beginning of the Kazakhstan agricultural split into two independent sectors: Arable farming and livestock farming. Simultaneously the ethnic factor came to the fore, manifested in the division of the spheres of activity, where autochthon population was engaged in nomadic cattle breeding, and Russian immigrants were mostly engaged in seminatural agriculture.

Intro -- Inhalt -- Einleitung -- Philipp Erasmus Reich und die Verbreitung britischer Literatur in Deutschland -- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing und Johann Joachim Eschenburg als Leser und Vermittler Samuel RichardsonsWege der deutschen Anglophilie im achtzehnten Jahrhundert -- Britische Ästhetiker in der frühen Prager Universitätsästhetik 1763-1848 -- Johann Joachim Eschenburgs Theorie und Literatur der schönen WissenschaftenBezüge zu Henry Home und Hugh Blair -- Eine "Geschichte des Menschen im Kleinen"Johann Karl Wezels Neubearbeitung des Robinson Krusoe (1779/80) und die Vierstufentheorie Adam Smiths -- Lenz, Pope and Satire -- Georg Forsters Positionen zu James CookVom Konkurrenten zum Nachlassverwalter -- Lavaters physiognomische Apodemik in Reisebeschreibungen deutscher Englandreisender im späten achtzehnten Jahrhundert -- Die kreative Aneignung Shakespeares im Werk von Karl Philipp Moritz -- "Durch Wunderkraft erschienen" - Affinitäten zwischen Goethes Faust II und Shakespeares The Tempest -- Lord Byron und Deutschland -- Literarische Anglophilie und deutscher NationalstaatWalter Scott bei Willibald Alexis, Hermann von Pückler-Muskau und Gustav Freytag -- Autoren -- Register.

Some central issues of fin-de-siecle Hungarian philosophy and intellectual tradition can be retrieved from the writings of Jozsef Eotvos and his mid-nineteenth century contemporaries. An ambiguous attitude towards metaphysics, emphasis on sociological issues as well as a regional perspective are apparent in his texts prior to the emergence of the great fin-de-siecle generation of Hungarian intellectuals. They survived the Habsburg Empire thanks to the post-Monarchical literary tradition and Peter Esterhazy's works; they provided an adequate vocabulary for the Central European experience following the Soviet Era. Adapted from the source document.

Defense date: 12 February 2010 ; Examining Board: Prof. Arfon Rees (EUI) - supervisor Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (EUI) Prof. Nathalie Clayer (CNRS, Paris) Prof. Bernd J. Fischer (Indiana University) ; First made available online: 24 August 2021 ; This thesis aims to explore the way the Albanian nationalist intellectuals of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century articulated the existence of an Albanian nation. The existence of such a nation assumed the recognition of certain values and, therefore, the entitlement to enjoy certain rights. The thesis concentrates on the work of four leading Albanian intellectuals and Ottoman imperial statesmen. It is thus a contribution to the study of the intellectual history and political thought as regards to the development of nationalism as an idea and ideology. The study of the nation in the Albanian context is intended to enhance an understanding of the dynamics of nationalism in the context of the decaying Ottoman Empire at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The study also has a wider theoretical dimension. It employs Western ideas on nationalism to study the particular dynamics of the Albanian national movement. But ideas developed in the west do not always correspond to the particular circumstances of the emergent Albanian national movement. As such the thesis offers a critical examination of some of the main Western theories on nationalism and through an examination of the Albanian case poses the need for a rethinking of some of the basic conceptions as regards to the development of the nationalist movements, in the context of a decaying multi- national empire, and in the context of backwardness where the national idea had to be constructed, and in which the role played by intellectuals was especially important.

A critical exploration of travel, animals and shape-changing in fin de siècle literature. Bats, beetles, wolves, butterflies, bulls, panthers, apes, leopards and spiders are among the countless creatures that crowd the pages of literature of the late 19th century. Whether in Gothic novels, science fiction, fantasy, fairy tales, journalism, political discourse, realism or naturalism, the line between the human and the animal becomes blurred. Beastly Journeys examines these bestial transformations across a range of well-known and less familiar texts and shows how they are provoked not only by the mutations of Darwinism but by social and economic shifts that have been lost in retellings and readings of them. The physical alterations described by George Gissing, George MacDonald, Arthur Machen, Arthur Morrison, W.T. Stead, Bram Stoker, H.G. Wells, Oscar Wilde and many of their contemporaries, are responses to changes in the social body as Britain underwent a series of social and economic crises. Metaphors of travel — social, spatial, temporal, mythical and psychological — keep these stories on the move, confusing literary genres along with the indeterminacy of physical shape that they relate. Beastly Journeys will appeal to anyone interested in the relationship between 19th-century literature and its contexts and especially to those interested in the fin de siècle and in metaphors of travel, animals and shape-changing. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

Intro -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Prologue: Piracy in the Historical Literature -- Cuba and Puerto Rico as Focal Points -- The Historiographical Legacy -- The Political Economy of Piracy -- Chapter 2: Cockpit of Empires -- Chapter 3: The Law of Piracy -- Chapter 4: Crossroads of the American Seas: Gulf, Cuba, and Puerto Rico -- The Gulf -- Cuba -- Puerto Rico -- Chapter 5: Royal Navy at Work -- Chapter 6: US Navy Operations -- Chapter 7: Commodore Porter and the Fajardo Affair -- Chapter 8: Common Cause: Royal Navy and US Navy Operations -- The Piratical Seizure of the Mexican and the Capture of the Panda -- Anglo-American Cooperation at Sea-and Tensions -- Chapter 9: Conclusion: The Emergent Alliance -- Appendix A: Chronology of Invasions of Cuba, 1812-1850 -- Appendix B: Chronology of Invasions of Puerto Rico, 1800-1850 -- Appendix C: Sailing Orders to Commodore Porter 1 February 1823 -- Bibliography -- Index

Vicky Karafoulidou Η γλώσσα του Σοσιαλισμού: ταξική προοπτική και εθνική ιδεολογία στον ελληνικό 19ο αιώνα [The Language of Socialism: the Perspective of Class and National Ideology in the Greek 19th Century] Athens: Vivliorama, 2011. 476 pp.

Was Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz' plan for naval expansion and the development of a "risk fleet" as a way to position Wilhelmine Germany as a world power to rival Britain so unique? This comparative study of the modern naval strategy of Germany, Britain, France, and the United States seeks to answer that question. First, Hobson is the only naval scholar to simultaneously compare the "Tirpitz Plan" with plans of the other leading nations of that time. Second, Hobson also interacts with how other scholars have assessed the complex interplay between naval history--both in and outside Germany--maritime law, and naval strategy. Hobson offers a unique interpretation of the causes and objectives of the German Imperial Navy at the end of the nineteenth century, forces that ultimately led to the First World War

In the article, based on the analysis of legal acts, changes in the system of zemsky obligations on the territory of the Belarusian provinces in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century are characterized for the first time. It was noted that in the post-reform period it functioned on the basis of the 1851 Rules of the New Organization of the Zemsky Obligations, but its structure gradually included expenditures on social sphere: financing the rural-medical part, the maintenance of institutions departments' of public charity and primary schools. The corresponding changes were fixed by the laws of 1868, 1883, 1887 and decisions approving zemsky estimates. The study made it possible to identify the main disadvantages of the existing system of zemsky obligations. They included: legislative approval of estimates for a three-year term, the impossibility of prompt redistribution of zemsky funds, bureaucratic procedures for disposing of them, long-term preparation of estimates, which was accompanied by extensive correspondence of central and local authorities. To eliminate these shortcomings, the Ministry of Internal Affairs proposed to reform the existing system of zemsky obligations by introducing Zemstvo self-government on the territory of the Belarusian provinces. However, the ministry met with opposition on this issue from the two most influential dignitaries of the late 19th century: Finance Minister S. Yu. Witte and the Chief Prosecutor of the Synod K. P. Pobedonostsev. An analysis of the estimates of zemsky obligations has led to the conclusion that in the post-reform period the zemsky tax was transformed into the main source to provide the wide range of needs of the local population. At the end of 19th – the beginning of 20th century they amounted to a total of more than 3 million rubles in year. In the structure of the estimates, the share of social spending ranged from 30–40 %. On the territory of the Vitebsk, Minsk and Mogilev provinces these resources were handed over to the institutions of local economy in 1903. In the Grodno and Vilna provinces it was kept the former order of management of the zemsky obligations according to the 1851 Rules of the New Organization of the Zemsky Obligations. Based on the analysis of estimates for these regions, it was first shown the annual amount of expenditures on zemsky duties increased 1.5 times from 1.5 to 2.3 million rubles. At the same time, the share of social spending increased by 1.3 times and reached 48 % on the eve of the First World War. During the post-reform period, the system of zemsky obligations on the territory of the Belarusian provinces underwent a significant evolution. On the basis of an analysis of legal acts and estimates of zemsky duties, it was first proved that this source of local taxation has become the main financial resource for the development of various components of the social sphere in countryside.

The profound social and political changes that took place in China at the turn of the 19th century led to a significant reappraisal of spiritual and aesthetic values in the society. The Western culture infiltration contributed to the reform movement and encouraged new trends in the Chinese visual arts. The artists who returned to China after studying abroad created various associations and art schools. They tried to find new forms and merge the heritage of traditional Chinese painting with the achievements of Western art. In the beginning of the 20th century Beijing becomes the center of social transformation in China and the source of a new cultural movement.