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In negotiations of what a standard language is or should be, language criticism – with its evaluation of language and its speakers – has a central role. The article gives an overview of how the attitudes towards standard written as well as spoken British English have developed and changed over time and in the various socio-historical contexts. From a diachronic perspective, a tendency can be observed which begins with an orientation towards the linguistic variety used by the sophisticated elite in the middle of the 18th century and gradually moves towards acceptance and appreciation of local dialects and new standard varieties other than British English in the 20th century. For a long time, however, the ability to use 'correct', i. e. standard language, has been associated with education, appropriate social behaviour and decorum. This view is still subliminally present in British English and other national varieties, such as American English, today. Standardisation also plays a role in the public debates about the politically correct use of certain forms of language as well as in academic discussions about the influence that linguistic discourse exerts upon the attitudes formed about certain social groups.

"This volume has been printed by the Political Economy Club of London for private distribution . The tracts contained in it are taken from the originals supplied by J.R. McCulloch, esq., who has also been good enough to contribute the preface."--Note facing t.p. ; With reproductions of original t.p. ; "One hundred copies printed." ; Mode of access: Internet.

AbstractEthnic minority groups have been and remain underrepresented in the British political system. However, we know little about how white immigrant origin groups—who share outgroup status based on non-native history, but differ to ethnic minority groups in terms of not having minority status—compare. Further, contemporary representational study also must concern itself with the quality, not just presence, of representation provided. This research therefore longitudinally compares the access to parliamentary roles for ethnic minority, white immigrant, and white British MPs. It finds that visibility of non-native status holds back descriptive representation—based on both appearance and non-British sounding names.

Cover -- Half Title -- Also by Randall Balmer -- Title -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Epigraph -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -- INTRODUCTION. To Everything a Season: The Peculiar Passion Surrounding Team Sports -- CHAPTER 1. It Breaks Your Heart: The Industrial Revolution and the Origins of Baseball -- CHAPTER 2. A Great Moral Force: The Civil War and the Origins of Football -- CHAPTER 3. Soul of a Nation: The Canadian Confederation and the Origins of Hockey -- CHAPTER 4. A Labyrinth of Wanderings: Urbanization and the Origins of Basketball -- CONCLUSION. Shut Up and Dribble: From the Sanctuary to the Stadium -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- INDEX -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR.