Suchergebnisse

The decreasing importance of "legal spatiality," defined as the relationship between law & territoriality, in the present-day world is studied. Although the Westphalian understanding of territoriality persisted through WWII, as evidenced in the US Supreme Court's decision in Ross v. McIntyre (1891), it is asserted that the Supreme Court's decision in Reid v. Covert (1957) substantially weakened legal spatiality within the US legal system. Rather than assert that globalization is solely responsible for the further enervation of legal spatiality, it is asserted that several additional factors have played a considerable role in threatening the connection between the law & territoriality, eg, states presently possess more incentive to protect markets from the extraterritorial activities of citizens & many advanced industrial Western states are willing to assert their laws extraterritorially since economic competition between liberal democratic nations rarely escalates to military conflict. Despite this trend, domains of US law that still prioritize territoriality are acknowledged, eg, laws dedicated to combating drug traffickers & terrorists. J. W. Parker

Gegenstand der Arbeit ist eine Analyse der Ereignisse, die der Erstürmung der Babri-Moschee von Ayodhya durch Aktivisten der hindu-fundamentalistischen Bewegung am 30. Oktober 1990 vorhergingen. Dabei wird eine Untersuchung all der am Konflikt beteiligten Parteien und Organisationen, ihre Geschichte, Strategien und Taktiken vorgenommen: VHP, BJS/BJP, RSS, moslemische Organisationen, Kongreßpartei, Janata Dal. Die Arbeit zeigt die Wandlungen im Hinduismus auf, die sich durch die Ayodhya-Kampagne ergaben und beschreibt deren religiöse Symbolik. Es werden die rechtlichen Aspekte des Problems der Babri-Moschee im unabhängigen Indien analysiert und die Möglichkeiten der Lösung des Konflikts hinterfragt. Die Arbeit verdeutlicht den Stellenwert der Problematik eingebettet in die Gesamtentwicklung des Landes und deren hauptsächlichen politischen Ideen seit dem Jahre 1947. ; The thesis analyses the events leading up to the storming of the Babri Mosque at Ayodhya by activists of the Hindu fundamentalist movement on 30th October 1990. In this context, all parties and organisations involved in the conflict, their histories, strategies and tactics are examined: Vishva Hindu Parishad, Bharatiya Jana Sangh/Bharatiya Janata Party, Rashtriya Svayamsevak Sangh, Muslim organisations, Indian National Congress, Janata Dal. The thesis demonstrates the changes within Hinduism revealed by the Ayodhya campaign and, in doing so, describes its religious symbolism. Legal aspects of the Babri Mosque issue in independent India are also analysed and possible scenarios of conflict resolution explored. The thesis illustrates the importance of the issue in the context of the country's overall development and its central political trends since 1947.

An 'analytic narrative' is the presentation of crucial historical events, using the intuitions of rational choice theory, to clarify the motivations and beliefs of the principal actors. This article attempts to understand a dilemma embedded in the Declaration of Independence: the expected costs of war against Britain far exceeded any possible benefits, if these are construed simply as the removal of colonial taxation. Furthermore, war against Britain necessitated an alliance with a potential aggressive power, France. An analysis is presented indicating that the benefits also included the enormous reward of the west and the 'costs' incorporated possible future aggression by France and Spain. The narrative is extended to the Ratification of the Constitution in 1787, to suggest that the Federalists, and Madison, justifiably feared Spanish aggression in the Mississippi Valley. In the 1790s, consensus (about credible threats by the European powers) fragmented, and this led to entirely different policy preferences by Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans. Napoleon's imperial intentions in Louisiana were, however, thwarted by the defeat of the French forces in Haiti in 1802-03. The result was the Louisiana Purchase of 1803-04. While the necessary causes of these various constitutional transformations can be appreciated, there appears to be an element of contingency, or happenstance, embedded in the sufficient causes. The purpose of the exercise is to attempt to understand the possibly chaotic basis of rapid institutional change. (British Journal of Political Science / FUB)

Der Autor analysiert Entstehung und Entwicklung der Gewerkschaftsbewegung in Senegal von der Kolonialzeit bis in die Zeit nach der Unabhängigkeit. Dabei wird in die Betrachtung einbezogen, welchen Einflüssen aus Europa, speziell Frankreich, dieser Prozess ausgesetzt war. (DÜI-Kör)

Discusses historical basis for a standing UN armed force, effectiveness of burden sharing and regional efforts, verification and monitoring of peace accords, managing civil-military relations in humanitarian interventions, and possible privatization of peacekeeping operations; 5 articles. Text in both English and French. Parallel title: Maintien de la paix: évolution ou extinction?