Suchergebnisse

Circular migration of population in the most simple way be identified as a ?? process of leaving and then returning to one?s place of origin? (Newland, 2009, p.6). As experts note, this process is not new, but ?? it is newly on the policy agenda of governments? (Newland, 2009, p.6), as it causes remarkable challenges for both donor?s and destination?s countries. This concerns Georgia as well. Emigration is a new phenomenon for Georgia. It first manifested itself at the beginning of 1990s by the large-scale emigration flows for permanent residence in other countries triggered by war and economic crisis in Georgia. Emigration patterns later transformed into temporary migration flows of working age population that left Georgia to have higher earnings abroad. Hence, as a typical post-Soviet country Georgia was seriously affected by out-migration after its independence in 1991. The last 2002 population census in Georgia registered a drop of some 20 percent compared to the population registered in the 1989 census (State Department for Statistics of Georgia, 2003). ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

This paper aims to improve the understanding of migration-development links by comparing the evaluation of Mexico-US and Morocco-EU migration over the twentieth century. Despite significant differences, Mexico and Morocco share a common geopolitical location on the global South-North migration frontier as well as their position as prime source countries of predominantly low-skilled migrants into the US and EU. The analysis highlights the large extent to which Mexican and Moroccan migration is determined by political-economic transformations in the US and EU. Persistent economic gaps and migrant networks partly explain why, instead of decreasing migration, the recruitment freezes in Mexico (1964) and Morocco (1973) have contributed to increased reliance on family and irregular migration and a diversification of migration origins and destinations. Simultaneously, policy-driven changes in labour market structure caused an increased demand for casual and informal labour in the service sector, agriculture and construction. In light of this evidence, it would be naïve to expect the 2008 financial crisis to cause a fundamental shift in migration trends because political-economic conditions fuelling migration have remained unaltered. Similarly, in spite of the considerable contributions of Mexican and Moroccan remittances to the improvement of income and living standards in origin areas, it is unrealistic to assume that migration and remittances alone can overcome generically unfavourable development conditions. Therefore, improving general development conditions through structural political and economic reform seem the most viable policy to increase the development potential of migration. If such reform does occur, Morocco and, particularly, Mexico may transform into immigration countries in the medium to long term.

Immigration is on top of the European political agenda. Illegal immigration at the European boarders is a central issue. The European approach to deal with this problem so far was to close the boarders and to enhance controls. These measures did not lead to a decline of the quantity of illegal immigrants, but to a shift of routes. In recent years, European politicians recognized that determent does not change the immigration situation in Southern Europe. Hence, new approaches towards legal immigration such as temporary and selective immigration are discussed. These concepts are the basis for the following analysis. This thesis identifies a way to deal with illegal Immigration by applying temporary and selective immigration. On the basis of existing immigration theories we develop an economic model to demonstrate the functionality of temporary migration. The incentives of the migrants are essential for the parameters of the model. The incentive to leave right on time to the home country is supported by a monetary incentive. In the model legal migration is possible on a fixed-term visa, while it is not possible to migrate without this visa. In the initial situation there is only illegal immigration. The model explains the constraints for a working concept of temporary immigration. We find that the capital market conditions for immigrants are crucial. The results show that the implementation of temporary immigration is feasible if the return of the migrants is supported financially. There is a simultaneous discourse on the European level about controlling illegal migration and the implementation of temporary immigration as well as about desirable migration of qualified migrants. This work analyses both aspects in one model. To do so we combine the model of temporary migration with a selection approach. This approach generates a selection of qualified and unqualified migrants after a probation period. The selection instruments are a tax on working income and a monetary bond for leaving the country. The migrants ...

Beeinflusst Migration Selbstbild und Identität von Männern? Und wenn ja, wie und in welchem Ausmaß? Diese und verwandte Themen werden in diesem Buch aufgegriffen und erläutert. Im Austausch zwischen Männer-, Migrations- und Gewaltforschung werden Ressourcen, Erfahrungen und Handlungsansätze in der Arbeit mit Migranten auf verschiedenen Ebenen vom Kindergarten über die Jugendarbeit bis zu Gewaltprävention und Erwachsenenbildung diskutiert. Was haben Männlichkeit, Migration und Gewalt miteinander zu tun? Gibt es überhaupt eine Verbindung zwischen diesen Themen? Die Beiträge dieses Buches belegen diese Verbindung sehr klar. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Interesse, das stereotype Bild gegenüber "fremden" und "gefährlichen" Männern mit Migrationshintergrund aufzubrechen und die ab- bzw. ausgrenzende Wahrnehmung zu überwinden. Dabei ist es wichtig, die Vielfalt von Männlichkeiten, männlichen Lebenslagen und Lebensentwürfen zu berücksichtigen und effizient zu erschließen. Differenzierungen zwischen und Zusammenhänge von Migration, sozialer Lage, Geschlechterbeziehungen, Generationenfolgen oder sozialem Milieu werden ebenso beleuchtet wie die vielfältigen Chancen einer Ressourcenorientierung in der Sozialen- und Bildungsarbeit mit Jungen und Männern. Die so entstandene Dokumentation zielt auf eine Lücke in der Erforschung und Reflexion sozialer Praxis mit Männern ab. Die Autoren aus den verschiedensten Wissenschaftsbereichen – von Sozialwissenschaftlern über Pädagogen bis hin zu Theologen und Medizinern – vertreten unterschiedliche Theorieansätze zwischen sozialem Konstruktivismus, Genderanalysen und Männerforschung. So ist ein anregendes Buch über ein noch nicht weit erforschtes, aktuelles soziales Handlungsfeld entstanden. Aus dem Inhalt: Männlichkeit, Migration und Bildung Männlichkeiten in der Migrationsgesellschaft Interkulturelle Familien- und Erziehungsberatung Männergesundheit in Deutschland Der Hintergrund Migration – zersplitternde Identitäten Männlichkeit, Migration und Gewalt Männlichkeitskonzepte türkischer Jugendlicher und ihre Bedeutung für die Soziale Arbeit mit Straffälligen Beteiligungsgerechtigkeit in der Bildung mit älteren Migranten

Circular mobility being interpreted as a fluid movement of people between countries presumes that it can bring benefits to all the parties involved. However, in regard to contemporary Belarus, circular migration and - broadly - circular mobility bring more problems than benefits. In the long-term perspective, Belarus, as a country of origin, seems to lose more than to gain even if there are some short-term benefits (such as remittances and decrease of potential unemployment pressure on the Belarusian economy). In what follows I explain the pluses and minuses of circular migration. ; Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM-East) is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Modeling patterns of human migration -- Earliest human migrations, to 40,000 BP -- Peopling northern and American regions, 40,000 to 15,000 BP -- Agriculture, 15,000 BP to 5000 BP -- Commerce, 3000 BCE to 500 CE -- Modes of movement, 500 CE to 1400 CE -- Spanning the Oceans, 1400 to 1700 -- Labor for industry and empire, 1700 to 1900 -- Diasporas and nations in expansion, 1900 to 1980 -- Migration in global transformation, 1980 to 2050.

"Die Studie liefert eine aktuelle und ausführliche Analyse der Faktoren, die auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent zukünftige Migrationen auslösen können. Nach einer kurzen Einbettung des Begriffs Migrationspotenzial in migrationstheoretische Ansätze, werden vier Aspekte beleuchtet: 1. die demographischen Strukturen des afrikanischen Kontinents im Vergleich zu Europa; 2. die Entwicklung von Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt; 3. politische Faktoren wie Regierungsformen und Konflikte; 4. umweltrelevante Faktoren wie z.B. Auswirkungen des Klimawandels. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug gesetzt zu den aktuellen regulären und irregulären Migrationsbewegungen zwischen Afrika und Europa sowie den bereits hier lebenden afrikanischen Bevölkerungen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Analysen der Entwicklung des Migrationspotenzials erfolgt eine qualitative Einschätzung der möglichen zukünftigen Migrationen innerhalb Afrikas, nach Europa und nach Deutschland." (Autorenreferat)

This International Encyclopedia of Migration will define and explicate terms, concepts and key topics with widespread usage and recurring relevance for learning about and developing the fields of both international and internal migration. With migration being partly defined in the modern era by law and public policy, the subject includes knowledge not only from these areas but also from a full array of academic disciplines. Hence, this encyclopedia will include material from such fields as anthropology, archaeology, criminology, demography, economics, education, ethnic studies, geography, health sciences, history, law, linguistics, public policy, political science, psychology and sociology. As migration has been such an important part of the peopling of all parts of the world, this encyclopedia will also include synopses of major geographic movements from ancient and early history. The International Encyclopedia of Migration will be a significant resource for students, teachers, practitioners, scholars and researchers interested in or working on any aspect of migration in any field. It should be particularly useful for people seeking information and knowledge about migration from fields other than their own