Suchergebnisse

Four pillars of US influence in the world are identified: military strength, diplomatic/cultural influence, natural resource independence, & international trade competitiveness. Policies are offered that are designed to keep the first two pillars intact, & to reverse the erosion of the second two. Specifically, the strategy of "circumscribed engagement" is presented whereby the US would demarcate a zone of cooperation, (including the Western hemispheric bloc & a special interest area that includes Siberia, Oceania, & West/Central & Southern Africa) & a zone of competition (including Europe, the western USSR, the Far East, the Middle East, South Asia, etc) in the world. While policies toward the zone of cooperation are intended to strengthen economic & political ties between nations, policies toward the zone of competition reflect the need to maximize relative advantage while reducing financial, diplomatic, & military commitment. The adroit use of balance of power techniques to manage the external environment must be relearned. Involvement in the zone of competition must be extremely selective, & primarily limited to the temporary emplacement of "moving tripwires" on the basis of vital national interests. Military resources required to carry out such a strategy are considered. 2 Figures. Modified AA

Intermarriage is a growing phenomenon among the Chinese in the United States. Reasons are: More Chinese are coming to this country resulting in a doubling of the population over the past decade; mixed marriages are no longer illegal; the Chinese are intermingling; and social barriers against them have been lowered. Nevertheless, marriage with a person of a different race or ethnicity can pose problems between the couple involved due to physical or cultural differences and Lo mixed offspring of the union. Family objection is a major hurdle and puts an extra burden on the relationship. Societal attitudes are changing, but not fully accepting as yet. This study looks at Chinese American intermarriage based on data in New York City. Findings are drawn from census data, marriage license applications, and personal interviews with 50 intermarried couples. It is a pioneer study revealing rates of intermarriage. It provides age, sex, generation, education, occupation, income, and ethnicity of the marital partners. It gives divorce rates, family and societal attitudes as well as fertility rates for in and outmarried Chinese females. Some comparisons are made with non-Chinese groups and Chinese in other regions of the country.

This paper examines recent data on religious intermarriage in Canada. Religious intramarriage continues to be the highest (60+ percent) among Jews, followed in rank order by non-Christians, Pentecostals, and Mennonites. Among these more "resistant" groups, exogamy among Jews significantly increased over the past decade, while religious endogamy significantly increased among Pentecostals. Lutherans, Presbyterians and Anglicans continue to be the most secular in their mate choice patterns (less than 31 percent intermarry). When religious outmarriage occurs, between 28 and 73 percent of the marrying population do so, the group of "second choice" is typically Roman Catholic regardless of one's religious background. Among the provinces for which religious intermarriage data are available, there is only minimal variation among Fundamentalists, Lutherans, and Presbyterians. About the same proportion of Fundamentalist Protestants intramarry, regional or socio-cultural factors notwithstanding. The majority of Lutherans and Presbyterians, however, outmarry regardless of provincial residence. In contrast, the intermarriage variations by province among the other religious groups are quite apparent. Although there is partial support for the Western tilt hypothesis- -the view that secularism systematically increases from Eastern to Western Canada- -further analysis is required to assess the correlates of interprovincial variations in religious intermarriage.

A lack of correspondence exists between the image of the American male as a father-figure and field data gathered on adult male-child interaction. The U.S. father-figure is examined in two time frames demarcated by the mid-1970s. In the earlier intervale both media portrayal, exemplified by SATURDAY EVENING POST cartoons, and "conventional wisdom" depicted American men as incompetent or irrelevant child caretakers. In the later interval, the men were presumed to be potentially useful; yet were thought to be failing to meet that potential appropriately. During the 1970s, field observations (N=49,154 children) in the United States and seventeen other cultures indicated high levels of adult malechild interaction. Compared to the men and children in the other countries, the United States adult malechild dyad appears to be quite typical. It is suggested that the portrayal and incorporation of the image of the "indifferent" or "underutilized" father-figure is part of a cultural socialization process. Since humor is one societal mechanism that perpetuates symbol systems, suggestions are given as to why males may be portrayed in this negative light and implications this may have for shifts in a society more aware of sex role stereotyping.

This paper is an analysis of three Nigerian ethnic groups, their kinship structures, and their efforts at industrialization. We argue that in Nigeria, kinship and historical development have necessitated alternative approaches to industrialization, which do not comply with the Western model of urbanization and the transition to - nuclear families. The Yoruba, Igbo, and Ibibio ethnic groups are each reviewed in turn with regards to their kinship patterns, the resources available to them, and their traditional occupations, which are considered the determining factors in their orientation to industry. The Yoruba, who have a tradition of non-industrial urban residence, are the most industrialized, as industries are predominantly urban based. The Igbo, are taken to be less industrial than the Yoruba, as they have refined their indigenous craft skills into smallscale service industrie's. Finally, the lbibio, are considered the least industrial as they have continued their primary occupation of farming in government run plantations. In assessing Nigeria's industrialization process, we introduce the concept of "ethnic industrialization" which suggests that the various ethnic groups of Nigeria direct their industrializing activities to certain types of industry in accord with their own social, cultural, and historical development.

This article is concerned with convergencies and radiations of the family and household structures in Guatemalan society and their possible relation to sub-cultural styles and personality types. Survey procedures with formal analytical devices are combined in an effort to supersede methodological difficulties making compatible the analysis and quantification of a large number of cases with a systemic view of the family. Kinship, consanguinity-affinity, lineality-collaterality, and generation are used as structural variables in the description, analysis, and comparison of the families of the five major social segments of Guatemalan society. These segments are: Traditional and Modified Indians, Rural Ladino (nonIndian) and Low, Middle, and High Urban. Comparisons across stages of the household-family cycle were made possible by the subdivision of the total 1,105 family sample into two comparable sub-samples defined by the age of the female head of the household. The results obtained contradict a variety of misconceptions and prejudices regarding the family in various social segments including the Traditional Indian and the Middle Urban, and they may provide a useful platform for gaining a better understanding of how Guatemalan society is assembled and works, and for identifying sources of tension and conflict within it.

The study deals with the relationship between regional structure and children's social problems. Theoretical interest is focussed on deviant behaviour. Its association with social structure is described by a general model of deviant behaviour. On account of the model it would appear that deviant behaviour can de divided into two main types. Characteristic of the one is passiveness, relative stability over time and weak impact of contagion effects while the reverse is true of the other. The empirical part deals with the regional distribution of child welfare cases and other forms of deviant behaviour on the basis of representative data on the municipalities in Finland. The results indicated that differences in the effectiveness of official control could not account for regional variation in the number of child welfare cases. Important determinants were shared community values, stability of the community structure and regional historical differences in cultural patterns. Child welfare cases arise when individuals in close interpersonal relationship to the child do not compensate for the parent's low resources of their total absence. The risk increases if there is only one parent, if the parents are deviant or otherwise isolated from the community, and if the informal community functions poorly.

This book argues that interior architects have a responsibility to practice their profession in collaborative ways that address the needs of communities and of to be the agents of social justice and cultural heritage. The book is divided into three sections, based on three pivotal themes — community engagement, social justice and cultural heritage. Each section has chapters that put forward the principles of these themes, leading into a variety of fascinating case studies that illustrate how socially sustainable design is implemented in diverse communities across the world. The second section includes four concise case studies of community housing issues, including remote-area indigenous housing and housing for the homeless. The third section offers two extensively researched essays on design and cultural heritage — a case study of the development of a redundant industrial site and a historical study of gendered domestic interiors.The book appeals to a wider audience than the design community alone and challenges mainstream interior design/interior architecture practitioners nationally and internationally to take a leading role in the field of socially responsible design. The issues raised by the authors are relevant for individuals, communities, government and non-government organisations, professionals and students."In the twenty-first century we seem to have entered into a new world of knowledge discovery, where many of the most exciting insights come not from the authority of a traditional discipline, but from the dialogue that happens at the hubs and intersections of thought — the arenas where different disciplines and approaches, different schools and habits of thinking, come together to collaborate and contend. This collection is a good example of this, and I hope the book will be widely read and its lessons learned and applied." Tim Costello, Officer of the Order of Australia, Chief Executive, World Vision Australia.

Tap the skills of your most vital resource-employees. This book shows you how to improve individual and organizational performance by aligning corporate strategy with the management of people. You will learn why some people are more successful than others and how that can work for your organization. Whatever your role---CEO, manager, or human resource professional---Achieving the Perfect Fit guides you in how your organization can use employee skills and talents to gain the competitive edge. This book shows you how to: Improve your competitive position Get the right people for the right job Relate pay to skills Manage cultural differences Develop the leaders of tomorrow An impressive team of international human resource management consultants provides you with new contributions and up-to-the-minute case studies. Attain business success through leveraging individual performance with Achieving the Perfect Fit. Tap the skills of your most vital resource-employees. This book shows you how to improve individual and organizational performance by aligning corporate strategy with the management of people. You will learn why some people are more successful than others and how that can work for your organization. Whatever your role---CEO, manager, or human resource professional---Achieving the Perfect Fit guides you in how your organization can use employee skills and talents to gain the competitive edge. This book shows you how to: *Improve your competitive position *Get the right people for the right job *Relate pay to skills *Manage cultural differences *Develop the leaders of tomorrow An impressive team of international human resource management consultants provides you with new contributions and up-to-the-minute case studies. Attain business success through leveraging individual performance with 'Achieving the Perfect Fit.' Improve your competitive position Get the right people for the right job Relate pay to skills Manage cultural differences Develop the leaders of tomorrow.

"Ímperial Genus begins with the turn to world culture and ideas of the generally human in Japan's cultural policy in Korea in 1919. How were concepts of the human's genus-being operative in the discourses of the Japanese empire? How did they inform the imagination and representation of modernity in colonial Korea? Travis Workman delves into these questions through texts in philosophy, literature, and social science. Imperial Genus focuses on how notions of human generality mediated uncertainly between the transcendental and the empirical, the universal and the particular, and empire and colony. It shows how cosmopolitan cultural principles, the proletarian arts, and Pan-Asian imperial nationalism converged with practices of colonial governmentality. It is both a genealogy of the various articulations of the human's genus-being within modern humanist thinking in East Asia, as well as an exploration of the limits of the human as both concept and historical figure."--Provided by publisher

China has made great achievements in education since the start of its reform and opening up policy. The exploration of China's education reform has never stopped while facing the challenges of educational development in the new era. When it comes to education, the report of the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to "implement the fundamental task of Moral educationˮ and "make more contributions to nurturing socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique, aesthetic and hard-working spirit. In the past few years, moral education was placed on the same important position as professional education and actively carried out in all levels of educational institutions such as primary and high schools, colleges and universities. Taking the general course "Introduction to Chinese Tea Cultureˮ offered by Chinese university as an example, this paper tries to discuss the teaching practice and reflection of "moral educationˮ in liberal studies. Focusing on the teaching implementation process of "Introduction to Chinese Tea Cultureˮ, the paper analyzes the development and the potential value of moral education, and the value of traditional Chinese culture to guiding the moral education in Chinese universities from the perspective of "cultural confidenceˮ. This paper analyzes the development of moral education teaching and the exploration of moral education potential in the implementation process of "Introduction to Chinese tea cultureˮ, aiming to analyze the value of Chinese excellent traditional culture in guiding moral education in Chinese Colleges and universities from the perspective of "cultural confidenceˮ. As a general course of liberal studies opened in Chinese universities in recent years, "Introduction to Chinese Tea Culture" contains great potential for moral education, which benefits from the rich cultural connotation, philosophical thought and humanistic spirit in Chinese traditional tea culture itself. It is necessary to dig deep into the spiritual connotation of Chinese tea culture to maximize the moral education role of this course.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana penyebaran virus corona di KotaMalang dan bagaimana dampaknya terhadap kondisi sosial budaya serta mencari tahulangkah strategis dalam upaya penanganan. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan yaknimetode studi kuantitatif deskriptif dibantu dengan tinjauan studi literatur sederhana yangsesuai dengan materi atau pembahasan penelitian. Populasi dari penelitian adalah seluruhmasyarakat Kota Malang dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling kepada pemerintah daerah Kota Malang, pihak yang bertugas di bidang kesehatan di KotaMalang, dan masyarakat sekitar yang ada di Kota Malang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,ditemukan bahwa penyebaran COVID-19 di Kota Malang terus mengalami kenaikan danmemberikan dampak sosial budaya ke arah negatif, khususnya setelah diberlakukannyaPembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Dari mulai tingkat perceraian tinggi, interaksisosial terbatas, hingga pengaruh sosial pada perempuan dan anak-anak. Maka dari itu, perludiberlakukan langkah strategis dengan penggunaan demografi sosial berdasarkan penurunanmobilitas sosial masyarakat di Kota Malang.Kata kunci: Dampak Covid-19, sosial budaya, strategi ; This study aims to analyze how the spread of the corona virus in Malang City and how itaffects socio-cultural conditions and find out strategic steps in handling efforts. The researchmethod used is descriptive quantitative study method assisted by a simple literature studyreview in accordance with the material or research discussion. The population of thisresearch is all people of Malang City with the determination of the sample using purposivesampling technique to the local government of Malang City, those who are in charge of thehealth sector in Malang City, and the surrounding community in Malang City. Based on theresults of the study, it was found that the spread of COVID-19 in Malang City continued toincrease and had a negative socio-cultural impact, especially after the implementation ofLarge-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). Starting from the high divorce rate, limited socialinteraction, to social influence on women and children. Therefore, it is necessary toimplement strategic steps by using social demographics based on decreasing social mobilityin Malang City. Keywords: impact of COVID19, socio-cultural, strategy

Starting out from the ostentatious heyday of Black nationalism during the Garvey-movement, common explanations for the rise of Black nationalism in the United States are critically re-considered. Adopting a theory-inspired approach based on nationalism studies this dissertation applies an innovative research design which combines a social structural analyses with a focus on cultural processes of group formation, providing a more holistic explanation for the rise of Black nationalism in the U. S. in general. The thesis argues that nationalisms are not ad-hoc phenomena but develop over time and that the causes of the success of Black nationalism as a mass movement in the early 20th century (Garveyism) must also be looked for in the late 19th century. Hence, based on a sound definition of nations and nationalism and in light of numerous cases of grassroots Black nationalism, which this study revealed, the claim of the non-existence of popular Black nationalism before Garveyism is rejected. Subsequently, the analysis of the dynamics of the formation of Black national identities pores on its preconditions and highlights their gradual development in two case studies. Additionally, instead of being an elite phenomenon, the Southern and lower class character is pointed out. Further, it is demonstrated that it is above all the political sphere which influences the formation of collective cultural identities, such as Black nationalism, countering prevalent notions of cultural or economic approaches. Eventually, it is demonstrated, that the dynamics and processes which gave rise to 19th century Black nationalism are the same which were at work during the early 20th century. It is furthermore concluded that the latter was considerably built on previous developments that transpired before the First World War and that Black nationalism then has to be seen as a broader phenomenon of which Garveyism was only the most successful. ; Author Daniel Hanglberger, M. A. ; Dissertation Universität Linz 2021

AbstractThis paper tries to review and compare the perspective of constructivism and Ashabiyah. The discussion of this paper includes an explanation of the concepts of constructivism and Ibn Khaldun's asabiyah, the two concepts will also be explained in the case study of the European Union, from the case study it will be seen how the two perspectives have some of the same characters but some are different. Constructivism and Asabiyah in the context of European integration both have unifying factors, but these factors are different if constructivism is an interest in Ashabiyah the factor is a cultural project. Constructivism and asabiyah both lead to a common interest in realizing a social order or political institution, what is different is if in constructivism the actor tries to form an identity that shapes interests by creating a political institution, while according to Asabiyah the actor forms a social solidarity and brotherhood to realize a political institution that accommodates interests. So constructivists emphasize the formation of new identities by actors on the basis of common interests, whereas in Asabiyah there is no emphasis on identity but on making cultural projects that can be accepted by all political institutions.Keywords: Constructivism, Ashabiyah, European Union AbstrakPaper ini mencoba mereview dan membandingkan perspektif konstruktivisme dan Asabiyah. Pembahasan paper ini meliputi penjelasan tentang konsep kontruktivisme dan asabiyyah Ibnu Khaldun, akan dijelaskan pula dua konsep tersebut dalam studi kasus Uni Eropa, dari studi kasus tersebut akan terlihat bagaimana kedua perspektif tersebut mempunyai beberapa karakter yang sama tetapi ada juga yang berbeda. konstruktivisme dan asabiyyah dalam konteks integrasi Eropa sama-sama mempunyai faktor yang bersifat pemersatu, tetapi faktor tersebut berbeda jika pada konstruktivisme berupa kepentingan pada Ashabiyah faktornya adalah cultural project. Konstruktivisme dan asabiyyah sama-sama mengarah pada sebuah kepentingan bersama dalam mewujudkan ...

The term subaltern refers to a subordinate position in terms of class, gender, race and culture. A subaltern is someone with a low ranking in a social, political or other hierarchy. It can also mean someone who has been marginalized or oppressed. It was originally used by Antonio Gramsci for the proletariat whose voice was not heard. It has since come to stand in for all subordinate subjects in society and has been revived in history to draw a distinction between the elite and the non-elite within colonized society. It has been almost thirty-five years since Ranajit Guha has taken an initiative in 1982 with his edited series on Indian historiography to provide an alternative history of the subaltern and the silenced. Since then, the crisis, prevailing in the Indian society on the lines of class, caste, gender and religion drew the attention of the subalterns. However, the changing scenario has posed new challenges for the actualization of the subaltern existence in different domains. It is, therefore, important to investigate the culture of subordination and a counter-culture of resistance. Postcolonial literature is the result of a clash between imperial culture and indigenous cultural practices. Postcolonial literature and criticism inquires into and analyses the consequences of colonization. It sees and re-examines history from the point of view of the colonized. . It examines how natives have been represented in the colonial text to create an epistemological framework that will help the colonizers to claim their domination over the 'other' party. Postcolonial theory studies this resistance and counter-discourse which emerged from the indigenous literature as a reaction against the domination of the colonizers. The colonized country suffers from the cultural domination of the colonizer, and it requires political and cultural identity. Subaltern Studies is an offshoot of recent postcolonial criticism. Resistance is the tool through which the dominated and oppressed subalterns made their appearance more ...