Suchergebnisse

The case study of the port of Cartagena set out in this paper is intended to demonstrate the scientific, technical and cultural value of these constructions and so to contribute to the study of the unknown Mediterranean underwater cultural heritage as a prerequisite and essential step towards the promotion of its value and conservation. The need to erect an arsenal in the city of Cartagena during the 18th century required the construction of an artificial basin in the hidden Mandarache Sea. This project involved a technical struggle against nature requiring the latest expertise for its construction at that time. The study of the designed building solutions, the techniques carried out and the organisational processes performed in these works prove that they are an example on applying the latest know-how at that time by some of the most prominent scientists and technicians in the country. These works were performed by military engineer Mr. Sebastian Feringán Cortés in cooperation with sailor and scientist Mr. Jorge Juan and Santacilia and further consulting with Mr. Antonio de Ulloa. Such significant underwater works in the Arsenal of Cartagena are stated in the records of the time. Mr. Sánchez Taramas (1769) accounts them as unique and considers their study as utterly useful for training future engineers. This article was performed upon the analysis of different historical dossiers found in the Simancas General Archive (Valladolid, Spain), containing manuscripts written by the architects responsible for the building work whose results achieved highlight their historical and technical value and can be applied to other works of similar features around the Mediterranean basin. ; Peñalver Martínez, MJ.; Macia Sánchez, JF.; Lerma Elvira, C.; Segado Vazquez, F. (2013). Evolution of design in building the quay breakwater of the dock in Cartagena harbour. Paradigm of 18th century building knowledge. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 14(3):e7-e13. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2012.11.014 ; S ; e7 ; e13 ; 14 ; 3

Taking the island of Malta as a case study, this research questions the role of development control in delivering urban design quality. Authors have acknowledged the significance of this relationship. However, few studies have tried to assess both sides of the story, focusing instead on the study of either the planning process or final design outcome in isolation. These studies have also generally tended to rely exclusively on either qualitative or quantitative research methods. The Maltese plan‐led discretionary planning system is experiencing interesting times. Recent documents produced by the Kamra tal­‐Periti, the Chamber of Architects and Civil Engineers, together with central Government's National Environment Policy, point to the need for an informed debate on urban design quality in the built environment. Central Government also initiated a planning reform in 2010, which to date has remained focused on the reform of planning procedures within the Malta Environment and Planning Authority, rather than on quality targets. These are also challenging times. The intense residential development that characterised the past decades occurred at the expense of broader qualitative considerations. Its consequences have been compounded by the restrictive spirit of current policy tools, their inadequacy in addressing urban design issues, and the approach of officers and decision‐makers in their regard. It is thus the optimal time to study the Maltese planning system. This research explores the multifarious debates surrounding development control, urban design quality and the Maltese planning context. Using a mixed four-­stage methodology comprising both quantitative and qualitative research tools, it subsequently develops 'process'-­ and 'product'-­related analytical frameworks that respectively assess key themes within the planning process and the quality of urban design outcome on the ground. At the concluding stage, the research draws these frameworks together to determine their possible relationship and provide recommendations to stimulate a rethinking of planning practice.

At present something curious appears to be occurring in the UK in the aftermath of the 'credit crunch', with respect to the political, economic and social complexion of the policies currently being implemented by the Coalition government, and not least in terms of the manner in which they are being introduced. Specifically, as this paper argues, despite a degree of rhetoric to the contrary, asserting a movement towards a more socially 'progressive' and inclusive 'Big Society', the current policy framework appears quite clearly to have been framed from a radical neoliberal perspective, to the extent that much of what is being implemented and proposed bears more than a passing resemblance to the neoliberal Structural Adjustment Programmes imposed by the IMF and World Bank on developing economies since the 1970s. This paper suggests that the implementation of the Big Society agenda - while seeming earnestly advocated by its presumed architect Philip Blond (whose Red Toryism has been cited as providing the intellectual foundation for the project, much as Giddens' Third Way informed 'Blairism') - may have implications that are largely oppositional to its asserted aims. Such initiatives can be considered, in their application at least, as potentially legitimating discourses for the advancing of neoliberal policies against the background of an increasingly uneasy populace. In this vein, the Big Society, as the latest variant of such socio-economic visions, can easily be construed as being little more than a convenient vehicle, employed to rehabilitate and further entrench neoliberalism in the aftermath of its self induced crisis. This view is supported by the observation that a key feature of the Big Society agenda, in practice, appears to be the increasing marketisation of the public realm and, crucially, dismantling the 'Big (Welfare) State', where the latter, in almost Orwellian fashion, is now being indicted for many of the social and economic ills that the 'free market' era has delivered.

[EN] It is difficult, from the perspective of the change to the digital model, to appreciate how revolutionary Superstudio collage proposals were, and how their iconography somehow got to become part of our visual memory. Way beyond the ideological, political, and technological revolution related background contained in their proposals, it turns out transcendental that each and every one of these ideas appear in diverse and precious graphic formats. Inspired in the technological iconography which filtered through advertising as a mass consumption strategy, and in the cultural influence arisen in the American universities that appealed to a return to the values of nature, Superstudio architects were capable of posing a new graphical language to communicate a specific reality emerged in the late seventies¿ Italy, but inherent to a perpetually changing global reality. ; [ES] Desde la perspectiva del cambio al modelo digital, resulta difícil apreciar cuan estéticamente revolucionarias eran las propuestas de collage de Superstudio y como su iconografía, ha pasado a formar parte de alguna manera de nuestra memoria visual. Más allá del trasfondo ideológico, político y de revolución tecnológica que encierran sus propuestas, resulta trascendental que todas y cada una de estas ideas aparezcan en un formato gráfico diverso y preciosista. Inspirado en la iconografía tecnológica que se filtraba a través de la publicidad como estrategia de consumo masivo y la influencia cultural surgida en las universidades americanas que apelaba a una vuelta a los valores de la naturaleza, los arquitectos de Superstudio fueron capaces de plantear un nuevo lenguaje gráfico con el que comunicar una realidad concreta surgida de una Italia de finales de los sesenta, pero inherente a una realidad global en transformación. ; Salgado De La Rosa, MA. (2012). COMPLEJIDAD Y CONTRADICCIÓN. EL LEGADO GRÁFICO DE SUPERSTUDIO. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 17(20):236-245. doi:10.4995/ega.2012.1445 ; SWORD ; 236 ; 245 ; 17 ; 20

La existencia de viviendas cueva en Jódar (Jaén), una pequeña localidad de Andalucía, durante gran parte del siglo XX se presenta como un grave problema de incapacidad política de gobiernos sucesivos para resolver deficiencias vitales de muy diversa índole. El asunto se agravó al finalizar la Guerra Civil Española, pues al sentimiento general de destrucción moral y material, al paro obrero o al hambre, se le unió la dispersión administrativa de los diferentes organismos públicos creados por el Estado para resolver el problema de la vivienda en España. La lenta solución de esta demanda social explica, además, comportamientos característicos de determinados colectivos de la localidad que aún perduran en el tiempo. El tema se ha estudiado analizando el proyecto elaborado en el año 1941 por el arquitecto Francisco López Rivera, que será la base del futuro Barrio de Fátima. ; The existence of cave dwellings in Jódar (Jaén), a small town in Andalusia (Spain), for much of the 20th century is presented as a serious problem of political inability of successive governments to resolve vital weaknesses of a very diverse nature. The issue was exacerbated after the Spanish Civil War, because the general feeling of moral and material destruction, a labour strike or hunger, together with the administrative dispersion of the different public bodies set up by the State to solve the housing problem in Spain. The slow resolution of this social demand also explains behaviour characteristic of certain groups in the town that still persist. The topic has been studied by analysing the draft prepared in 1941 by the architect Francisco López Rivera, which will be the basis for future neighbourhood of Fatima. ; - Grupo de investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada. - Área de Antropología Social. Universidad de Jaén. - Laborarorio de Antropología Social y Cultural (HUM-472). Universidad de Almería. - Departamento de Filosofía II. Universidad de Granada.

The building sector is a key focus area of the Energy Concept of the German Federal Government, among other reasons because it has the potential to avoid a large share of CO2 emissions while also saving costs. Thus far, however, only a small percentage of residential building owners have undertaken comprehensive thermal retrofits, and the target retrofit rate of 2% remains a distant goal. In order to address this low retrofit rate, the Conciliation Committee of the Parliament is currently discussing whether to offer residential building owners a tax incentive for undertaking retrofits that are in line with KfW 85 (roughly 15% better than the new build standard). The main point of contention in the current discussions is the distribution of costs for these tax incentives between the federal and state government levels. In addition, some critics have raised questions about the cost and effectiveness of the current proposal, including whether single or comprehensive retrofits shall be supported, what retrofit depth shall be supported, how much flexibility for the completion of projects shall be granted, and what additional support for stepwise retrofits needs to be given. Because retrofit practitioners have experience with these questions, we have undertaken a survey of 78 thermal retrofitting practitioners (architects, engineers, craftsmen, energy consultants, etc.) ; Der Gebäudesektor ist ein Schlüsselsektor des Energiekonzepts der Bundesregierung, unter anderem da sich in diesem Sektor ein Großteil der CO2 Emissionen mit Gewinn einsparen lässt (Levine et al. 2007). Bisher führt allerdings nur ein geringer Teil der Wohngebäudebesitzer umfassende energetische Gebäudesanierungen durch; die angestrebte Sanierungsrate von 2% liegt somit noch in weiter Ferne (BBSR 2011; Diefenbach et al. 2010). Um dies zu ändern, diskutiert der Vermittlungsausschuss zurzeit, ob Wohngebäudebesitzer eine steuerliche Förderung für Sanierungen auf KfW 85 erhalten sollen. Kern der derzeitigen Diskussionen ist die Kostenverteilung der Steuerförderung über Bund und Länder. Neben dieser Verteilungsfrage wirft der gegenwärtige Gesetzesentwurf aber weitere Fragen auf, die für die Kosten und Nutzen des Gesetzes entscheidend sind. Aufgrund der Erfahrung von Praktikern der Gebäudesanierung mit den folgenden Fragen, haben wir eine Umfrage unter 78 Architekten, Bauingenieuren, Handwerkern, Energieberatern und weiteren Praktikern durchgeführt.

Nowadays, it is known that reserves of non-renewable resources are limited and also the waste sent to the air, soil and earth pollute the environment. Besides proposing a change in the architects¿ way of thinking, the climate change requires an improvement in the environment, politics and social consciousness. The chase for a sustainable architecture has also to consider the close down of materials cycles. The aim of this research is to introduce new concepts for the materials that reach the end of their first life cycle, and in addition evaluate the potential of materials recyclability and building elements, usually used in the building construction. The research method is based on a hierarchy order of an up-side-down pyramid given priority to the reuse and recyclability of materials, which will afterwards support the creation of methods to determine their recyclability levels. The proposition of concepts for all different uses of building materials after the end of their life cycles was elaborated from observation of current recycling methods that are economically doable and likewise based on visits done to building materials recycling points in Spain. The results show the concepts created regarding recycled materials, infracycled, reused and infraused, are more suitable to the current situation if the majority of the materials do not reach their end of life cycle. The level of recyclability works as a tool used to make decisions because they allow to quantify the environment betterment in the building processes of buildings that are made from recycled materials or those that can be recycled. In this way, it allows to increase the build and demolish of buildings that apply reused materials or have recycled content, besides contributing for the reduction of the environment impact in comparison to ordinary buildings. ; Postprint (published version)

Studie je zaměřena na analýzu životního stylu uherské šlechty doby osvícenství, konkrétně na rod Festecicsů a život na jejich zámku Keszthély na severním břehu Balatonu.¨Původně barokní zámek (zbudovaný roku 1702 Johannem v. Hildeprantem) podstoupil v době vlády Györgye Festeticse (1755–1819) některé rokokové úpravy, které dokončil dvorní architekt György Rantz. Zámek i jeho nákladné vnitřní zařízení, které mj. dokládá přechod k novoklasicismu a romantismu, naplnily bezezbytku důležitou reprezentační funkci rodu a zdůrazňovaly bohatství a význam stavebníka. Dojem nádhery násobila hudební a divadelní představení. Od roku 1817 organizoval Festetics dvakrát ročně na svém zámku literární slavnost, Helikon. Hmotná kultura a ušlechtilá zábava byly výrazem politických a společenských úspěchů Györgye Festeticse, jak je zřejmé i ze zařízení knihovny (upravena uherským řezbářem Jánosem Kreblem) a knihovního fondu. V roce 1778 čítal inventář fondu 8000 položek; v roce Györgyovy smrti vzrostl na 25 000 položek. V Keszthely založil roku 1797 G. Festetics také zemědělskou školu nesoucí název Georgicon. Nejprve nesplnila očekávání svého zakladatele, situace se ale změnila s příchodem Jánose Nagyváthyho, významného zemědělského inženýra, který pozvedl nejen úroveň výuky a přitažlivost školy pro studenty, ale i celkovou prosperitu panství Keszthely. O rozkvět Georgicónu se pak zasloužili rovněž odborníci jak Karl Bulla, Ferenc Pethe a János Asbóth. ; The article deals with life style of György Festetics (1755–1819) in his country residence Keszthély at the northern coast of the Balaton around 1800. His court architect György Rantz rebuilt the castle in neo-classicist and romantic style and Festetics organized regular musical and theatrical performances there. From 1817 he arranged twice a year literary festivity called Helikon in his castle. Festetics located also a large and splendid library (1778: 8000 books – 1819 already 25000 books) there. Moreover, he founded agricultural school called Georgicon in Keszthely in 1797 and invited several economic and agricultural experts to improve incomes of his estates.

Facultad de Arquitectura. Programa Interinstitucional de Doctorado en Arquitectura ; The interest to renovate the historical center of the city of San Luis Potosí between 1967 and 1979, arrived under the restorative spirit that permeated the great urban renewals at international and national level in the middle of the last century. Central open spaces, such as squares, squares, gardens and streets, were chosen to carry out the renovation of the heart of the capital. In this context, it was considered to investigate under what particular cultural, political and social circumstances, the projects that transformed the face of the center of the city of San Luis Potosí in the studied period emerged. Basically, interventions were made by two state governments: Lic. Antonio Rocha Cordero (1967-1973) and Lic. Guillermo Fonseca Álvarez (1973-1979). Due to the link between political and civil society in the course of urban operations, where multiple political and social interests converge, the participation of organized civil society, some actors of the Potosi elite, intellectuals, architects and Engineers who figured at this time. At the intersection of space and political-social, some independent and shared purposes and interests were revealed, which permeated the projects of renovation of the central open space. It may be said that although these governments shared a similar ideological and cultural context, each governor intervened the city and its center differently. Rocha Cordero set out to forge the face of a modern and vigorous city in its new limits, while repositioning the history and monuments of the center, showing a cultural spirit tending to safeguard the patrimony even in times when no regulatory instruments were constituted in the State. ; El interés por renovar el centro histórico de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí entre 1967 y 1979, arribó bajo el ánimo restaurador que permeó las grandes renovaciones urbanas a nivel internacional y nacional a mediados del siglo pasado. Los espacios abiertos centrales, tales ...

This work focuses on housing in the Mesopotamian marshlands in Iraq and the current and future human settlements in this region. Its aim is to gain a better understanding of the transformations of nature at work and functioning of the society; its dynamics, its relation to space and the way to project over time. With the goal of understanding how, in the current multiplication mutagenic factors, sometimes antagonistic, the society ensures its continuity and adjusts its home, is essential in establishing a base of knowledges on the local construction culture and to inform decisions regarding the government's project to stabilize the population. The habitat and the preservation of the traditional lifestyle, as well as of its natural environment are subjects of fertile interrogation for the research which points out the question of their located and sustainable evolution rather than their development. The results of this thesis can be a basis for discussion among architects, planners, developers and others researchers dealing with the issue of living in the face of a global environmental degradation. ; Cette recherche est centrée sur l'habitat dans les marais mésopotamiens en Iraq et l'aménagement actuel et futur d'établissements humains durables dans cette région. Elle poursuit l'objectif de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des transformations de la nature à l'œuvre et du fonctionnement de la société, de ses dynamiques, de son rapport à l'espace et de sa façon de se projeter dans le temps, dans cette aire géographique. Saisir comment, dans le contexte actuel de multiplication de facteurs mutagènes, parfois antagonistes, la société des marais assure sa continuité et adapte son habitat est fondamental pour établir une base de connaissances sur la culture constructive locale des marais mésopotamiens et éclairer les décisions concernant le projet gouvernemental de stabilisation de la population. L'habitat et la préservation du mode de vie ainsi que du milieu naturel restent des sujets d'interrogation fertile ...

236 245 17 20 ; SWORD ; [EN] It is difficult, from the perspective of the change to the digital model, to appreciate how revolutionary Superstudio collage proposals were, and how their iconography somehow got to become part of our visual memory. Way beyond the ideological, political, and technological revolution related background contained in their proposals, it turns out transcendental that each and every one of these ideas appear in diverse and precious graphic formats. Inspired in the technological iconography which filtered through advertising as a mass consumption strategy, and in the cultural influence arisen in the American universities that appealed to a return to the values of nature, Superstudio architects were capable of posing a new graphical language to communicate a specific reality emerged in the late seventies¿ Italy, but inherent to a perpetually changing global reality. ; [ES] Desde la perspectiva del cambio al modelo digital, resulta difícil apreciar cuan estéticamente revolucionarias eran las propuestas de collage de Superstudio y como su iconografía, ha pasado a formar parte de alguna manera de nuestra memoria visual. Más allá del trasfondo ideológico, político y de revolución tecnológica que encierran sus propuestas, resulta trascendental que todas y cada una de estas ideas aparezcan en un formato gráfico diverso y preciosista. Inspirado en la iconografía tecnológica que se filtraba a través de la publicidad como estrategia de consumo masivo y la influencia cultural surgida en las universidades americanas que apelaba a una vuelta a los valores de la naturaleza, los arquitectos de Superstudio fueron capaces de plantear un nuevo lenguaje gráfico con el que comunicar una realidad concreta surgida de una Italia de finales de los sesenta, pero inherente a una realidad global en transformación. Salgado De La Rosa, MA. (2012). COMPLEJIDAD Y CONTRADICCIÓN. EL LEGADO GRÁFICO DE SUPERSTUDIO. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 17(20):236-245. doi:10.4995/ega.2012.1445

El texto expone los resultados de la investigación que se originó en el ámbito del Doctorado "Il restauro del Moderno" organizado por el "Dipartimento di Storia e Progetto nell'Architettura di Palermo y se desarrolló a partir de febrero del 2010 en la sede de Medellín de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se analiza la obra de los arquitectos catalanes Josep Lluís Sert y Josep Torres Clavé, fundadores del GATCPAC, realizada en los años treinta del siglo XX, y en particular, El Pabellón de la República española, La Casa Bloc y el Dispensario antituberculoso de Barcelona. De este último la investigación propone el proyecto de restauración, reutilización y ampliación e indaga la posibilidad de conexión con los espacios públicos urbanos adyacentes para dar vida a un conjunto de lugares públicos conectados que tengan un desarrollo democrático también en los niveles superiores con la creación, en la terraza-jardín del edificio, de un sistema público de mirador urbano.ABSTRACTThe text displays the result of the research that was originated in the context of the PhD. research "Il Restauro del Moderno" structured by the Dipartimento di Storia e Progetto nell'Architettura di Palermo, and was developed since February 2010 at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Medellín. It analyzes the firsts works of Catalans architects Josep Lluís Sert and Josep Torres Clavé, founders of GATCPAC, and in particularly one of the first modern spanish constructions, built in Barcelona in the 1930´s, the "Dispensario antituberculoso". The research suggests the work of restoration, reuse and expansion of the Dispensario, highlighting the possibility of connection with the contiguous public spaces, with the intent of producing a system of jointed community places; these would have a democratic development, also at the higher levels, with the design, in the terrace-garden, of an urban balcony.

Nowadays, it is known that reserves of non-renewable resources are limited and also the waste sent to the air, soil and earth pollute the environment. Besides proposing a change in the architects¿ way of thinking, the climate change requires an improvement in the environment, politics and social consciousness. The chase for a sustainable architecture has also to consider the close down of materials cycles. The aim of this research is to introduce new concepts for the materials that reach the end of their first life cycle, and in addition evaluate the potential of materials recyclability and building elements, usually used in the building construction. The research method is based on a hierarchy order of an up-side-down pyramid given priority to the reuse and recyclability of materials, which will afterwards support the creation of methods to determine their recyclability levels. The proposition of concepts for all different uses of building materials after the end of their life cycles was elaborated from observation of current recycling methods that are economically doable and likewise based on visits done to building materials recycling points in Spain. The results show the concepts created regarding recycled materials, infracycled, reused and infraused, are more suitable to the current situation if the majority of the materials do not reach their end of life cycle. The level of recyclability works as a tool used to make decisions because they allow to quantify the environment betterment in the building processes of buildings that are made from recycled materials or those that can be recycled. In this way, it allows to increase the build and demolish of buildings that apply reused materials or have recycled content, besides contributing for the reduction of the environment impact in comparison to ordinary buildings. ; Postprint (published version)

The "transparency trend" is hot for the summer of 2011. At least that is what they said in the fashion capitals of Milan, Paris, and London. In the new summer collections, sheer seethrough dresses reveal the beauties of the human body and leave little to the imagination. Architects too are attracted by the intriguing properties of transparent materials to create a new perception of space and boundaries, which challenges some traditional understandings of private living and daily work life. Whereas in the past, it was a Puritan statement to live without curtains at the windows, to show you had nothing to hide, today, the transparent way of life is often used to enable the owner to display their wealth and luxury. Institutions have increasingly followed this transparency trend in fashion and architecture by using glass for their buildings. Transparency is not only a fashion trend, but also a political challenge. Fashion and politics meet in the huge glass buildings of the European Union in Brussels and Strasbourg, which reflect the Union's strategy to improve its democratic legitimacy; one of the main aims of the Lisbon Treaty (2009). In terms of adaption to this see-through trend, institutions are not only voluntarily moving towards greater transparency, they are being ambushed by those who believe that information is a public good, which should not be guarded by a few. By revealing "suppressed and censored injustices" (WikiLeaks, n.d.), WikiLeaks practices what some call "guerrilla transparency" (The Economist, 2010). When people think of transparency, the recent commotion caused by WikiLeaks' publication of thousands of documents on nationally and internationally sensitive issues is at the forefront of their minds. This event has triggered a worldwide debate on the balance between state security and citizens' right to know.

Статья посвящена малоизвестной работе выдающегося отечественного музеолога Федора Ивановича Шмита «Музеи Союза Советских Социалистических Республик», опубликованной в 1931 г. в Париже. Статья была включена в сборник «Музеи. Международное исследование по вопросу реформы публичных галерей», опубликованный под редакцией Жоржа Вильденштейна. Это был один из первых проектов масштабного международного исследования феномена публичного музея. Его участниками были видные ученые, музейные работники, архитекторы и политики из Европы и Северной Америки. Идеи, высказанные в нем, во многом опередили свое время и были реализованы ИКОМ уже после Второй мировой войны. Известный хорватский музеолог Антун Бауэр считал его знаком «первой музейной революции», окончательно закрепившей за музеем статус публичного института. В статье анализируется также реакция на основные положения статьи Ф. И. Шмита в самом СССР. В приложении опубликован перевод статьи Ф. И. Шмита на русский язык. ; The article is devoted to the little-known work of the outstanding Russian museologist Fyodor Schmit «Museums of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics», published in 1931 in Paris. The article was included in the volume of «Musees. Enquete Internationale sur la reforme des galeries publiques», published under the editorship of George Wildenstein. It was one of the first large-scale international projects, directed to the research of the phenomenon of public museum. Its participants were prominent scholars, museum curators, architects and politicians from Europe and North America. The ideas expressed in this collection, much ahead of their time and have been implemented ICOM after the Second World War. Prominent Croatian museologist Antun Bauer considered this book as a sign of «the first museum of the revolution», finalizing a museum of the status of public institution. The paper also analyzed the response to the main ideas of Shmit article in the USSR. In supplement Russian translation of the article F. I. Schmit published.