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The book is a comprehensive narration of the use of expertise in international criminal trials offering reflection on standards concerning the quality and presentation of expert evidence. It analyzes and critiques the rules governing expert evidence in international criminal trials and the strategies employed by counsel and courts relying upon expert evidence and challenges that courts face determining its reliability. In particular, the author considers how the procedural and evidentiary architecture of international criminal courts and tribunals influences the courts' ability to meaningfully incorporate expert evidence into the rational fact-finding process. The book provides analysis of the unique properties of expert evidence as compared with other forms of evidence and the challenges that these properties present for fact-finding in international criminal trials. It draws conclusions about the extent to which particularized evidentiary rules for expert evidence in international criminal trials is wanting. Based on comparative analyses of relevant national practices, the book proposes procedural improvements to address some of the challenges associated with the use of expertise in international criminal trials

In this article are research several aspects the state, problems and vector development of the international transport legislation in Ukraine, and the influential national transport legislation for the volume and quality of transit activity.

Based on a symposium co-sponsored by the Joint Center for Political Studies, the Police Foundation and the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration held on September 7-9, 1976. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The American Bar Association defines a paralegal, or legal assistant, as "a person . . . who is employed . . . by a lawyer, law office, corporation, governmental agency or other entity and who performs specifically delegated substantive legal work for which a lawyer is responsible." Teens learn that a paralegal can specialize in distinct fields, including corporate law, criminal law, and environmental law. They investigate this faced-paced career, and understand the facets of the legal services industry. Besides outlining education requirements and training programs, this accessible volume covers professional responsibilities, ethic codes, kinds of employers, job searches, resume building, and work environments

The article discusses some trends in the development of labor law in Russia, taking into account foreign experience. We consider relations that were not previously formally regulated by law (for example, those arising from actual admission to work by an unauthorized person) or regulated by civil law from the scope of labor law. We noted that in cases where it is impossible to draw a conclusion about the sectoral nature of contractual relations and dependence of the employee, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that they should be considered as labor relations. We also discussed the study of the evolution of the employer's power, subordination as a specific feature of labor relations. We came to conclusion that the new expansion of labor law should be based not on legal but rather on economic interrelations between employee and employer.

Philanthropy—private giving for public purposes by individuals, corporations, and foundations—is a widespread activity. Scholarship on philanthropy is long-standing and can be traced to competing theorizations of gift-giving, wherein the gift has been framed as a case of altruism, self-interest, or reciprocity. Much of the resulting scholarship, in the disciplines of anthropology, economics, evolutionary biology, and psychology, has retained a focus on emphasizing actors' motivations for the scope and scale of philanthropy. Although sociologists have entered into the study of philanthropy more recently, they nonetheless have made important contributions to its understanding by drawing attention to the social bases of philanthropy. Sociologists have done so through the study of the micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors that explain variation in philanthropy; the specification of the institutional and legal arrangements that permit philanthropy; and the delineation of the social contexts that shape the direction and consequences of philanthropy.

This textbook offers a starting point for the education of attorneys and other legal professionals about the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the law, as well as a forum for discussing artificial intelligence's legal and ethical concerns. Intended for classroom use, this book will help students, legal professionals and policymakers alike. AI is swiftly transforming the world, including the legal system. Legal applications to areas such as ethics, human rights, climate change, labor law, health, social protection, inequality, lethal autonomous weapons, the criminal justice system and autonomous vehicles, contract drafting, legal investigation, criminal analysis and evidence investigation, utilize AI. As AI becomes more sophisticated, its impact on the law will likely increase

"Serial no. J-97-100." ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 82 S521-79 ; Includes bibliographies. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Federal habeas corpus for state prisoners is one of the most controversial and emotion-ridden subjects in the entire field of criminal law. Considering the period over which this controversy has continued, it is surely one of the oldest unresolved disputes between the state and federal courts. The removal of an action from a state to a federal court may sometimes cause ruffled feelings, but few judges remain long offended at being relieved of trying a lawsuit. On the other hand, when a federal judge reverses a state judge who has been affirmed by the state appellate courts, forcing him to retry the case or free the accused, the sensibilities of even the most ardent supporter of our dual system of federal and state government are tested. Yet this illustration merely touched the surface of the emotional factors involved and gives little or no hint of the real and vexing legal problems encountered.

September 16, 2007 has been called Baghdad's "Bloody Sunday."' On that scorching afternoon in Baghdad, Iraq, a team of Blackwater Worldwide private military contractors slew seventeen Iraqi civilianS and wounded twenty-seven others. A Blackwater spokesperson claimed that the civilian contractors reacted in response to an attack by enemy combatants and "heroically defended American lives." Despite such claims, U.S. soldiers who arrived at the scene within twenty-five minutes found no evidence of enemy activity and characterized the event as criminal. Despite such evidence and notwithstanding four potential sources of criminal law-international law, host-nation law, U.S. civilian law, and U.S. military law-these Blackwater guards escaped criminal accountability for their actions on Bloody Sunday. Such private citizens employed by the U.S. military in undeclared wars had fallen into a legal loophole, practically beyond the reach of criminal law. They had become "the Untouchables." Prior to Bloody Sunday, Congress had recognized that something must be done to bridge this gap and amended U.S. military law in 2007 to bring the Untouchables within the grasp of criminal law. This Note examines the legal loophole into which modern private military contractors had fallen and concludes that U.S. military law can, and should, be used to hold them criminally accountable.