Suchergebnisse

COVER -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- PART I OVERVIEW -- 1 OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND RISKS: THE PROBLEMS AND THE ILO RESPONSE -- An unacceptable situation -- Variations in performance -- Countries -- Economic sectors -- Sizes of enterprise -- Groups at particular risk -- Major OSH instruments -- 2 KEY PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -- Core OSH principles -- Rights and duties -- Workers' rights -- Employers' responsibilities -- Governments' duties -- PART II NATIONAL FRAMEWORK DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION -- 3 GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -- 4 NATIONAL POLICY ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -- General aims and principles -- Policy formulation and review -- Policy instruments -- National laws, labour codes and regulations -- Role and obligations of the competent authority -- Policy coordination -- Education and training -- 5 NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -- 6 NATIONAL PROGRAMMES FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -- A national profile on occupational safety and health -- 7 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY WITHIN THE ENTERPRISE -- General framework -- Employers' responsibilities -- Workers' duties and rights -- Safety and health committees -- 8 MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -- Management commitment and resources -- Workers' participation -- Training -- Organizational aspects -- Setting priorities -- Planning and development activities -- The place of OSH management in the enterprise -- Performance measures -- The OSH management cycle -- PART III OPERATIONAL MEASURES -- 9 LEGISLATION, ENFORCEMENT AND COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS -- Labour inspection -- Collective bargaining -- 10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE -- Surveillance of the working environment -- General framework -- Monitoring of exposure -- Occupational exposure limits (OELs).

Institutional policies and scientific practice have changed, in response to public concern about scientific misconduct. Not much research has been done either to understand the phenomenon or to evaluate the responses.

Successful public policy implementation is almost always problematic. Seismic safety policies are prone to implementation problems, and it is at least arguable that seismic safety policies may be more susceptible to implementation problems than some other policies. This paper focuses on efforts to implement seismic safety policies in thirteen local California communities. The most important aspects of seismic safety policy implementation in California are (1) the role of key governmental personnel, (2) the political environment surrounding the issue of seismic safety, and (3) the treatability of the issue itself. Given the way these three aspects interact, and because seismic safety is not an issue that generates consistent expressionis of organised public support, policy implementation will always falter unless a highly committed and motivated core of public officials diligently pursue implementation. Absent these personnel, the perceived intractability of the problem and lack of visible political rewards for supporting seismic safety make seismic safety a policy area prone to unsuccessful or incomplete implementation.

Despite its contribution to the global and national economies, the construction industry is notorious for being unsafe. In such an environment, project management personnel play an important role in leading safety task implementation and creating positive safety climate in construction projects. This, subsequently, leads to accident prevention through the efforts of eliminating unsafe acts and conditions. In order to do so, project management personnel need to possess sufficient skills. Therefore, this present research has investigated the role of project management personnel s skills (comprising conceptual, human, political, and technical skills) in implementing safety management tasks and developing safety climate. This research applied mixed methods research design. Two hundred seventy-three quantitative data were collected using online surveys and were analysed using structural equation modelling method to develop a model that shows relationships between the research variables. Thereafter, qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with eight experienced construction practitioners. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis to find recurring themes. The results of the quantitative analysis show that self-awareness, visioning, and apparent sincerity are the foundation skills; scoping and integration, and self-management are the first-tier mediator skills; and social awareness, social astuteness, and relationship management are the second-tier mediator skills. These skills contribute to the implementation of safety management tasks, which leads to safety climate development. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts identified two main recurring themes. The first theme is the verification of the final model derived from the quantitative analysis. The second theme focuses on methods to develop the important skill components for improving construction safety performance. This also involves training and learning processes that should be provided. The research findings ...

This Road Safety Management Capacity Assessment (RSMCA) seeks to gain a broad understanding of the Government of Vanuatu's road safety management capacity to support its plans to improve road safety outcomes throughout the country. The RSMCA follows the seven critical road safety institutional management functions (Bliss and Breen 2013) to identify key challenges and provide recommendations for improvement in road safety management, and similarly addresses the Safe System pillars for the interventions level. The seven institutional management functions include: results focus, coordination, legislation, finance and resource allocation, promotion and advocacy, monitoring and evaluation, and research and development of knowledge transfer. The Safe System pillars include road safety management, safe roads and mobility, safe vehicles, safe road users, post-crash care, and safe speeds. The RSMCA's alignment with both the road safety institutional management functions and the Safe System Approach in turn aims to help the Government of Vanuatu to prioritize targeted next steps to address road crash death and serious injury in the country.

Through a nationally representative U.S. survey of 1,214 participants, this study examined attitudes toward the role of corporations in public interest communications and response to a series of recent high-profile corporate social advocacy cases. Findings provide preliminary evidence for what types of public interests are most appropriate for organizations to address, based on perceived motivations, commitment to advocacy, and dimension of corporations as actors for social change. Results from this study suggest demographic differences by political viewpoints, age, income, education, and gender. However, an overall level of agreement across all respondents indicates that corporations should engage in addressing important social issues, which is particularly noteworthy given that the U.S. population skews conservative.

Through a nationally representative U.S. survey of 1,214 participants, this study examined attitudes toward the role of corporations in public interest communications and response to a series of recent high-profile corporate social advocacy cases. Findings provide preliminary evidence for what types of public interests are most appropriate for organizations to address, based on perceived motivations, commitment to advocacy, and dimension of corporations as actors for social change. Results from this study suggest demographic differences by political viewpoints, age, income, education, and gender. However, an overall level of agreement across all respondents indicates that corporations should engage in addressing important social issues, which is particularly noteworthy given that the U.S. population skews conservative.

Sociology Reference Guide: Issues of Health & -- Illness -- Contents -- Introduction -- Medicalization -- Legal & -- Ethical Issues of Life & -- Death -- Public Health Issues -- Disability & -- Impairment -- Child Obesity -- Youth Suicide -- Sociology of Addiction -- Substance Abuse Prevention & -- Education -- Sex Addiction Disorders -- Sex, Gender & -- Sexuality: Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- Mental Health & -- E-Therapy -- Holistic Medicine -- Doctor-Patient Communication -- Long-Term & -- Institutional Care -- Religion & -- Health -- Grief & -- Bereavement.