Suchergebnisse

The article discusses the transformation of international population policies after the 1994 UN Conference on Population & Development in Cairo in the context of neoliberal rationalities as they are analyzed in governmentality studies. With this perspective, it is possible to avoid the false alternative interpretation of post-Cairo policies -- between the thesis of rupture because of the establishment of the reproductive rights & health paradigm on the one hand, & the pure continuity of analyzing this paradigm as merely external "feminized" rhetoric on the other. The predominance of a health rationale after Cairo aiming to reduce "risks" related to pregnancy makes it possible to articulate antinatalist demographic strategies with discourses about individual self-determination. By the differentiation of risk factors & risk groups, this process of medicalization also opens population policies up for fragmented & flexible strategies corresponding to neoliberal "security policies" by governmentality studies. 76 References. Adapted from the source document.

Independent Namibia's struggles to create a functioning democracy have made great strides, including a successful regional & local election process in 1992. Soft state problems, eg, external dependence, weak state capacity for development, & penetration of the state by particularistic class & ethnic interests, threaten independence. The economic dominance & potential for military intervention by South Africa restricted the options available to the new South West Africa Political Organization government. The intimidation & sabotage in the UN Security Council Resolution Number 435 election left the government fragmented & weakened its effectiveness in redressing past injustices. Despite adopting moderate economic & progressive social policies, the rewards from trade & investment have been minimal. The independence honeymoon & modest improvements have bought the government time, but a soft state situation limits success & has created openings for new class formations. 3 Tables, 3 Appendixes, 56 References. Adapted from the source document.

In jüngster Zeit gibt es vermehrt Vorschläge, einen Staatsfonds bzw. ein Vermögensportfolio der öffentlichen Hand zur Stärkung der Altersvorsorge oder auch zur Stabilisierung des allgemeinen Staatshaushalts aufzubauen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt dieser vom Institut zur Zukunft der Arbeit (IZA) erstellte Forschungsbericht eine Übersicht über die strukturellen Charakteristika ausgewählter staatlich organisierter oder verwalteter Fonds, die in anderen Ländern bereits etabliert sind. Wichtig für die Auswahl war, dass die Fonds ein substanzielles Volumen (gemessen in Relation zum jeweiligen BIP) erreicht haben und primär dem Zweck der Absicherung von Alterseinkünften dienen. Neben einer ländervergleichenden Charakterisierung zentraler Merkmale dieser Staatsfonds werden auch in Kurzdarstellungen der betrachteten Staatsfonds Problemlagen der jüngeren Vergangenheit betrachtet.

"State of Health: Pleasure and Politics in Venezuelan Health Care under Chávez takes readers inside one of the most controversial regimes of the 21st century for an in-depth account of how poor people's lives changed when the state reorganized its health system. This lively and accessible ethnography looks at the pleasure people took in new features of government health care such as personalized doctors' visits, health activism, and therapeutic dancing. Based on extensive participant observation and interviews, this book shows that government health care in revolutionary Venezuela excited people because it provided more than medicine. Health programs empowered and affirmed poor people as valued members of society, making it clear that their lives mattered. This book explains the meanings of socialized medicine from the vantage point of historically marginalized Venezuelans, who made up the majority of the country's population. It offers a singularly unique account of daily life in Chávez's Venezuela. Although people's lives have changed dramatically since the Chávez era, this book provides lasting insights into how ordinary people experience radical moments of social and political change. State of Health signals a paradigm shift in the field of medical anthropology by establishing the value of studying pleasure with the same seriousness of purpose with which ethnographers study suffering. This book shows how paying more attention to the positive aspects of medicine could revolutionize our understanding of how health care gives meaning to people's lives"--Provided by publisher

In this sure-to-be-controversial book, leading management thinker Henry Mintzberg turns his attention to reframing the management and organization of health care. The problem is not management per se but a form of remote-control management detached from the operations yet determined to control them. It reorganizes relentlessly, measures like mad, promotes a heroic form of leadership, favors competition where the need for cooperation, and pretends that the calling of health care should be managed like a business. This professional form of organizing is the source of health care's great strength as well as its debilitating weakness. In its administration, as in its operations, it categorizes whatever it can to apply standardized practices whose results can be measured. When the categories fit, this works wonderfully well. The physician diagnoses appendicitis and operates; some administrator ticks the appropriate box and pays. But when happens when the fit fails - when patients fall outside the categories or across several categories or need to be treated as people beneath the categories? To cope with all this, Mintzberg says that we need to reorganize our heads instead of our institutions. He discusses how we can think differently about systems and strategies, sectors and scale, measurement and management, leadership and organization, competition and collaboration. The overall message of Mintzberg's masterful analysis is that care, cure, control, and community have to work together, within health-care institutions and across them, to deliver quantity, quality, and equality simultaneously. -- Provided by publisher.

Why the United States has failed to establish a comprehensive high-quality child care programme is the question at the centre of this book.

AbstractThe international community has been struggling to reach agreement on the non-proliferation and elimination of nuclear weapons since they were first used in 1945. Encouragingly, recent global debate has, for the first time, focused on the devastating humanitarian consequences that the use of nuclear weapons will have not only for nuclear weapons States but for all humanity. The fact that the risks and overwhelming humanitarian consequences of a nuclear event are so high, combined with the inability of the global community to adequately respond to the needs of victims, has compelled policy-makers to consider new ways to work towards the prohibition of the use of nuclear weapons under international law. This article examines how the "humanitarian initiative" has reframed the nuclear weapons debate away from the traditional realm of State security, deterrence and military utility, and towards the grim reality of the humanitarian impacts that would confront humankind if nuclear weapons were ever used again.

UNMAS colleagues in the field and at Headquarters drew on their reserves of resilience and empathy to deliver life-saving programmes with innovative approaches - such as the early inclusion of COVID messaging in risk education campaigns. We relied on and deepened our partnerships. Working closely with national authorities, donors and implementing partners we managed to maintain and eventually resume operations and serve communities that live with the constant threat of explosive ordnance. Allow me to highlight some of our accomplishments of 2020: UNMAS responded to a request from the Ethiopian government to assess the threat in parts of that country, and deployed to Armenia and Azerbaijan as part of a joint United Nations mine action assessment to support humanitarian responses in conflict-affected areas following hostilities in and around Nagorno-Karabakh. Consistent with the Secretary-General's Agenda for Disarmament, UNMAS established and led a coordinating task force on a whole-of-system approach to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). The UNMAS IED Threat Mitigation Advisory Team established a mobile training team in Entebbe, which will support regional training centers and bilateral partners to conduct pre-deployment training for United Nations troop contributing countries consistent with United Nations standards. UNMAS embarked on a change management process to increase organizational accountability and effectiveness, addressing the recommendations of a 2019 Office of Internal Oversight Serivces audit, and will continue to strengthen our delivery model in 2021. Perhaps the most singular accomplishment of 2020 has been the extent to which UNMAS programmes contributed to the protection of civilians from physical harm in the face of ongoing instability and protracted conflict.

In 2020, UNMAS Iraq prioritised the following areas of support: Support government and national mine action entities with managing, regulating, and coordinating a mine action response through Technical Support (TS) initiatives; Deliver Explosive Ordnance Risk Education (EORE) at the community and national level; and Provide Explosive Hazard Management (EHM) response in support of humanitarian and stabilization efforts. Due to the nature of threats posed by EO, UNMAS and its implementing partners are among the first responders allowing the humanitarian community and local authorities to intervene quickly and efficiently to help civilians. A significant mine action capacity gap remains in Iraq. The unprecedented nature of EO contamination, the sheer magnitude of dispersion, in addition to the untraditional ways in which they were planted, means that all who are in the vicinity of contaminated areas are at grave risk. Sporadic accidents due to improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and explosive remnants of war (ERW) have shed light on the crucial work that UNMAS together with other mine action organizations and the GoI, continue to conduct daily, and why a need for support remains, both advisory and on the field, to ensure that all clearance conducted abide by the international mine action standards (IMAS). In March 2020, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the GoI to adopt swift measures including strict curfew and movement restrictions, applying also to mine action stakeholders. In this context, UNMAS Iraq observed all United Nations (UN) measures, as well as national and local government regulations and restrictions such as curfews, social distancing, wearing face masks, limiting staffing levels, work from home instructions, and movement restrictions in an attempt to contain, or slow down, the spread of COVID- 19. UNMAS prepared business continuity plans and a "Safe Working Place" document to inform, prepare personnel, and mitigate against the spread of the Corona virus during travel, office, and field work. UNMAS Iraq also responded through a "Protect, Plan, and Resume" approach aiming to protect key relationships and processes and maintain a mine action capacity ready to ready to resume activities gradually when restrictions where lifted, which occurred in late June/early July. Throughout, UNMAS was able to maintain communication and technical support to the national authorities.

NPA's Result Framework in the Cooperation Agreement with Norad 2016-2019 is built on the logic that for people toinfluence democratisation processes in their societies they have to mobilise, and to mobilise they have to be organised. We have structured the Periodic Result Report 2016-2018 in five chapters. The first chapter is an Introduction to NPA and our Civil Society Programme, including a profile of our partners. The second chapter on Results is split in five sections. The first section briefly presents the different country contexts where partners operate, including working conditions for CSOs and examples on how partners have sought, and achieved, to influence democracy in their societies. The second section reflects on partners' capacity to mobilise around common issues, and the achievements made by demanding implementation of existing laws, or protest against corrupt authorities and breach of human rights. The third section reflects on partners' capacity to organise people with a common cause, and achievements. made in strengthening competencies and capacities, making them more democratic and inclusive, and increasing their memberships when relevant. Selected result examples provide more in-depth experiences within each of these sections. The fourth section reflects on Project implementation, including a reflection on risks and cost efficiency. The fifth section describes NPA's added value. Norwegian People's Aid - Periodic Results Report 2016-2018 5 Chapter three, Other issues, includes cooperation and cross-cutting issues. Chapter four includes evaluations and reviews, lessons learned, and sutstainability. Chapter five is an Overview of finances. Finally, an annex lists partner abbreviations, their full names and country. The indicator "yearly targets" largely relate to number of partners. Hence, when numbers of partners change, yearly targets change. Several country programmes have reduced or increased number of partners during the period, or changed partners initially listed in plans and result framework. For instance, Mozambique added four new partners in 2017, and Palestine added six partners in 2018 to assess whether these could be more long-term partnerships in the years to come.

During 2013, the expertise of UNMAS staff and specialized equipment continued to be in incredibly high demand. UNMAS was requested to remove explosive threats caused by armed conflict and respond to emergencies in a dozen countries. UNMAS expert advice and good practices were also sought by many, in international and regional diplomatic and technical settings, from the conference rooms of Geneva and New York, to Mali and the Central African Republic. In 2013 UNMAS made the world safer; UNMAS spearheaded humanitarian mine action in Mali, assisted United Nations deployment in the Central African Republic, completed the landmine survey of the 11 provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, attained agreements to demine in the West Bank and built secure weapons storage facilities in Libya. In Abyei, Afghanistan, Somalia, South Sudan and the territory of Western Sahara, UNMAS coordinated, led and implemented large-scale clearance operations and risk awareness campaigns to facilitate freedom of movement and public safety

Bridges between Worlds was a global conference sponsored by the European Union that addressed fundamental questions about the place of landmine victim assistance in other domains, such as the worlds of disability, heath care, education, employment, development, poverty reduction and human rights. The Bridges between Worlds Chairperson's Summary highlights that those who care deeply about the fulfilment of the Convention's promise to landmine victims and survivors have much in common with those concerned with the wellbeing and the rights of women, girls, boys and men injured and living with disabilities regardless of the cause.

Our work in helping to protect and empower local communities contributes to wider humanitarian, peace and development dividends, and delivers concrete and measurable results. Our success stories are the product of the generous support provided by UN Member States' funds allocated by the UN General Assembly for the mine action components in seven peacekeeping operations, and by donors' considerable extra-budgetary funding support. Despite challenges, 16 donor governments, the European Union (EU), the Common Humanitarian Trust Fund for Sudan (CHF) and students from Pace University in New York contributed to the Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance in Mine Action (VTF). The VTF received US $63.5 million throughout the reporting period, compared to US $90.7 million in 2009 and US $92.5 in 2008. The 30 percent decrease in incoming funds is palpable and expected to have an impact on UNMAS operations in 2011.

2010 was an important year for everyone striving for a world free of landmines, cluster munitions and other explosive remnants of war. It was particularly important for the Antipersonnel Mine Ban Convention (APMBC) and for its implementation. The evaluation of the APMBC Implementation Support Unit (ISU) confirmed the appreciation of the States Parties and other stakeholders for the effective work of the ISU and for the role played by the GICHD in hosting it. Moreover, the entry into force of the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) on 1 August 2010 represented a positive legal and political step in supporting the fight against indiscriminate weapons. It is encouraging for operators in the field, who have surveyed, cleared and destroyed all kinds of ordnance over many years. Some of the procedures, methods and techniques developed for the disposal of landmines can be used directly for cluster munitions clearance; others may need adaptation. The GICHD is undertaking research and developing practical tools to meet these challenges. In December 2010, the First Meeting of States Parties to the CCM took place in Vientiane, Lao PDR. The GICHD participated in this major event and organised a side-event focusing on the implementation of the new Convention. The GICHD's dedication to support the full implementation of both the APMBC and the CCM, and towards humanitarian disarmament in general, will remain strong in 2011 and beyond. I would, therefore, like to thank our donors for their support, which enables the GICHD to fulfil its important mission.