Suchergebnisse

Un mayor flujo de inversión extranjera directa (IED) en México puede servir de financiamiento para la fabricación de bienes y servicios que contribuyan al crecimiento económico; sin embargo, los inversionistas enfrentan riesgos que pueden llevarlos a bajos niveles de ganancias o incluso pérdidas. A través de un modelo de transferencia, este documento tiene como objetivo revelar la relación entre el Índice de Riesgo-País (IRP) y la IED en México, y con ello contribuir al conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los capitales extranjeros. Los resultados confirmaron la relación inversa entre estas variables; así mismo, la función de correlación cruzada indica que el IRP tiene un efecto retardado cuatro trimestres sobre la IED.
Por tanto, si este país quiere colocarse como una alternativa viable para los capitales extranjeros y beneficiarse de las inversiones a largo plazo, se deberán implementar políticas que lo coloquen como una economía de bajos índices de riesgo.

Abstract


A greater flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico can serve as financing for the manufacture of goods and services that contribute to economic growth; however, investors face risks that can lead to low levels of profits or even losses. Through a transfer model, this document aims to reveal the relationship between the Country Risk Index (IRP) and FDI in Mexico, and thereby contribute to knowledge about the behavior of foreign capital. The results confirmed the inverse relationship between these variables; Likewise, the cross-correlation function indicates that the IRP has a lagged effect of four quarters on FDI. Therefore, if this country wants to position itself as a viable alternative for foreign capital and benefit from long-term investments, policies that place it as a low-risk economy should be implemented.

Southeast Asian countries : "deepening cooperation and sharing the fruits of development" -- Central Asian countries : "complementary advantages and a focus on greenness, cutting edge, and local needs" -- South Asian countries : building an economic corridor -- Northeast Asian countries : strengthening capacity cooperation in the fourth party market -- Other countries : building China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor -- African countries : speed up development with transportation networks and industrialization -- Central and Eastern European countries : innovation-driven development under the "1 + 6" cooperation framework -- The "1 + 2 + 3" pattern promotes practical cooperation between China and Middle Eastern Countries -- Latin American countries build a community with a shared future for China-Latin America cooperation.

Costa Rica provides an excellent example of the neoliberal approach to agricultural policy implemented during the last two decades in Latin America. In the early 1980s, Costa Rica shifted from limited promotion of import substitution industrialisation to export‐led growth and non‐traditional crops. This article presents important findings about the effects of outward‐looking development policies since the 1990s on Costa Rica's patterns of food production and land tenure. While trade liberalisation has diversified agriculture and increased the levels of export production, it has also had negative effects on food security.

Abstract. Private direct investment has been on the decline in the Caribbean countries in recent years, and so have been their private sectors. After they achieved independence, governments as well as peoples, because of growing nationalism, developed hostility to foreign investors. But a considerable number of empirical studies have made it overwhelmingly clear that private foreign investment has made a meaningful contribution to their development process and it is clear that this could be true again. Within this context, the Reagan Administration's Caribbean Basin Initiative may make a significant contribution to Caribbean development. At the outset, 285 new projects appear to be creating 36,000 new Jobs in non‐traditional areas of the economy.

The last decade has seen a resurgence in interest in three direct democracy devices—the initiative, the popular referendum and the recall. These processes reflect the Progressive Era reformers' aim of enlarging the role of citizens and voters as well as restricting or checking the power of intermediary institutions such as state and local legislatures, political parties, and elected executives. The focus of this article is to examine the increased use of the initiative and popular referendum at the state level as well as how the process actually works. The related processes of the recall and teledemocracy are addressed in other articles in this symposium.Statewide Provisions for Initiative, Popular Referendum and RecallThe initiative process permits petitioners to write and, if a sufficient number of valid signatures are gathered, place those proposals on the ballot. The initiative can be placed directly on the ballot (the direct initiative); or before the legislature. If the legislature does not enact the measure or otherwise satisfy the sponsors of the initiative, the sponsors can gather additional signatures and place their proposal on the ballot (the indirect initiative). Five times as many states have the direct initiative as the indirect and, in states that permit both, proponents typically prefer to go directly to the ballot.

The study aims at identifying some of the new factors in te pattern and motivation of Japan's direct investment in the 80s and looks at the effects of that investment on the division of labor in the Asian Pacific region. The discussion is confined to manufacturing activities and the Asian Pacific region will be defined here as comprising Japan, Asian NICs and ASEAN. (DÜI-Sbt)