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ABSTRACT*:  Public utilities, public enterprises, privatizations, liberalizations and related topics have been the object of far reaching and intense debate among economists, politicians and practitioners for more than a century. Ideas have frequently changed, and practical solutions chosen to manage public utilities have also undergone significant changes over time. Presently we are witnessing a renewed debate on the relative opportunity of public and private enterprise. In the last twenty years privatization and liberalization have dominated the field. The outcome of this process has produced mixed results. Merits and demerits of privatization, liberalization and regulation are reviewed and discussed in the first part of the paper. The second part of the paper provides an overview of the scientific work of CIRIEC related to issues of public enterprises and services of general interest. It refers primarily to relevant research activities done in the International Scientific Commission 'Public services/Public enterprises'. Over the past two decades CIRIEC contributed some recognized theoretical and empirical studies dealing with the functioning, governance and reform of public enterprises, based on an international perspective. Theoretical arguments and empirical findings put forward in this paper leads to the conclusion, that the often stated dominant position against public enterprises is not at all convincing. In order to arrive at a fair and valid evaluation of public utilities, it is indispensable to look more closely to the particular circumstances of the technological, economic and social environment and the goals of the provision of a concrete service of public interest.

'Sustainability: Key Issues' is a comprehensive introductory textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students doing courses in sustainability. Highly original, it covers the very broad spectrum of ideas covered under sustainability, from participation, resilience, growth, ecological modernism through to culture, sustainable communities and sustainable consumption. Each chapter covers one key idea, and has been written by an expert in that field.--

"Global Privacy Issues" published on by Oxford University Press.

This past year, I spent some time supporting an effort to develop a set of hazard report review guidelines to be used by engineers assigned to hazard report review teams. The subject reports were developed by contractors for a major program and the review was done by a government team. The engineers were selected for their engineering expertise and, in most cases, were getting their first experience in assessing hazard analysis reports. I was reminded of my own start in the field of system safety almost 40 years ago. While I acknowledge that almost all readers of Journal of System Safety (JSS) are experienced system safety practitioners, we all had to start somewhere. In my case, it was with little guidance or formal training.

In most industrialized countries, the end of the Cold War marked a change in focus from preparedness for war to an increasing focus on civil society's own vulnerability and safety. To meet new threats and changing risks, there is also a need for new analytical concepts. Societal safety is a concept developed in Norway during the last decade. It could be defined as: 'The society's ability to maintain critical social functions, to protect the life and health of the citizens and to meet the citizens' basic requirements in a variety of stress situations'. It aims to be a systematic approach for understanding, mitigating and responding to social problems such as extraordinary stresses and losses, interferences in complex and mutual dependent systems, or lack of trust in vital social institutions. Future threats to society are not limited to specific sectors or areas, but stem from complex interactions amongst economic, technological, social and cultural factors. Thus, the main challenges to improve societal safety will be the ability to coordinate, organize and assign clear roles to different actors at the international, national and local levels. Societal safety has interfaces with other safety‐related areas such as national security, sustainable development, human security and incident management (handling of isolated accidents, common illness and ordinary criminal acts). Societal safety is, however, a sensitive political issue containing dilemmas and value choices that are hardly possible to perceive or solve as pure scientific problems.

Development of a system software safety program was required as part of an effort to secure government safety certification of a complex and intrinsically hazardous software-controlled system under development by several contributing companies. The author was part of a team of software safety support engineers reporting to one of the contributing companies. This paper summarizes some of the highlights of the lessons learned during development of this program.

This is the first book to examine the views of a number of theorists from ancient times to the 19th century on a range of welfare issues: wealth, poverty and inequality; slavery, gender issues, and the family; child rearing and education; crime and punishment; the role of government in society; the strengths and weaknesses of government provision vis-à-vis market provision. The book also looks at the values of the various theorists as well as their perception of human nature for these tend to underpin their welfare views.

It still remains an open problem as to which directions and methods are necessary to choose in the situations of risk, xenophobia, and intolerance, so as to settle disputes and resolve conflicts; it should be done in such a
way as to have the desired social effects and to properly implement moral principles, including responsibility for the real future of one's own, of one's community, and of the whole human species. The author justifies the
position that the processes of transformation of the social order should take a more remarkable account of the requirements of safety culture and praxeology recommendations.

Foodborne illness is a big problem. Wash those chicken breasts, and you're likely to spread Salmonella to your countertops, kitchen towels, and other foods nearby. Even salad greens can become biohazards when toxic strains of E. coli inhabit the water used to irrigate crops. All told, contaminated food causes 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year in the United States. With Outbreak, Timothy D. Lytton provides an up-to-date history and analysis of the US food safety system. He pays particular attention to important but frequently overlooked elements of the system, including private audits and liability insurance. Lytton chronicles efforts dating back to the 1800s to combat widespread contamination by pathogens such as E. coli and salmonella that have become frighteningly familiar to consumers. Over time, deadly foodborne illness outbreaks caused by infected milk, poison hamburgers, and tainted spinach have spurred steady scientific and technological advances in food safety. Nevertheless, problems persist. Inadequate agency budgets restrict the reach of government regulation. Pressure from consumers to keep prices down constrains industry investments in safety. The limits of scientific knowledge leave experts unable to assess policies' effectiveness and whether measures designed to reduce contamination have actually improved public health. Outbreak offers practical reforms that will strengthen the food safety system's capacity to learn from its mistakes and identify cost-effective food safety efforts capable of producing measurable public health benefits

An important component of training a specialist in any specialty is the formation of systematic knowledge of health and safety, life protection, the legal basis of relations between employer and employee in the implementation of his rights about healthy and safe working conditions. Nowadays, there has been a sweeping trend to a significant decreasing the auditorium hours of occupational safety, that prompted us to analyze the problematic issues and the creation of prospects for improving teaching of this discipline. The aim of the study was analysis of teaching issues, justification of the expediency and the importance of training the discipline "Occupational Health and Safety" for future specialist in Pharmacy (Industrial pharmacy) and formation of proposals about ways to improve education approaches. The article highlights the relevance of the study of pharmaceutical department students the discipline "Occupational Health and Safety". According to the current problems and the global transition to a mixed form and e-learning in higher education establishments it's noted the importance of changes in the organization of training. The psychosomatic features of students in the transition to distance learning are analyzed. It is established that in today's conditions the training of the future specialist with the appropriate awareness of safety situations is one of the most important areas of his professional education. For creating a systematic students' understanding and consciousness, it's necessary teaching discipline "Occupational Health and Safety"on the high scientific and technical level, with sufficient quantity of auditorium hours, applying various forms, means, techniques and innovative methods of e-learning activities with an accent on dual education. Special attention should be paid to inspection nand boosting in knowledge of regulatory and legislative acts, because of ignorance or violation of the law does not exempt a person from the responsibility. ; Важливою складовою підготовки фахівця будь-якої спеціальності є формування системних знань щодо охорони праці, безпеки життєдіяльності, правових основ відносин між роботодавцем та працівником у реалізації його права на здорові та безпечні умови праці. Останнім часом чітко прослідковується тенденція до значного скорочення аудиторних годин викладання дисциплін з охорони праці, що спонукало нас до аналізу проблемних питань і формування перспектив викладання даної дисципліни. Метою нашого дослідження було провести аналіз питань, що виникають у навчальному процесі, обґрунтувати доцільність та необхідність вивчення дисципліни «Охорона праці в галузі» майбутніми спеціалістами у галузі «Фармація (Промислова фармація)» та сформувати пропозиції щодо шляхів вдосконалення освітніх підходів. У статті висвітлені питання актуальності вивчення випускниками фармацевтичних факультетів закладів вищої освіти дисципліни «Охорона праці в галузі». Відповідно до проблем сьогодення та глобального переходу на форми змішаного і дистанційного навчання у закладах вищої освіти, зазначено важливість змін в організації навчання. Проаналізовано психосоматичні особливості студентів при переході на дистанційну форму навчання. Встановлено, що в умовах сьогодення підготовка майбутнього фахівця з відповідним усвідомленням ситуацій щодо безпеки є одним із найважливіших напрямів його професійної підготовки. Для формування у студентів системного розуміння необхідно викладати дисципліну «Охорона праці в галузі» на високому науково-технічному рівні, з достатнім обсягом аудиторних годин незалежно від напрямків спеціальностей, застосовуючи різні форми, засоби та інноваційні методи навчальної діяльності з акцен­том на дуальній освіті. Окрему увагу варто приділяти вивченню та аналізу нормативно-правових актів, оскільки незнання чи порушення закону не звільняє особу від відповідальності.

As part of the HSR Supplement 26 "Historical Social Research: An International Journal for the Application of Formal Methods to History, 2004-2014" this document presents a brief information on all Special Issues and Foci published in Historical Social Research from 2004 to 2014 inclusive. Furthermore, the contents of the HSR Supplements No.16-25 are presented.