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This book is the product of a study conducted by the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Ministry of Urban Housing and Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA). Its objective is to highlight some of the problems faced by street vendors in conducting their daily business and to examine how financial institutions, especially those in the banking sector, can include street vendors in their credit policies. Data was collected from 15 cities across the country. Not surprisingly, while issues such as public space utilisation have been deliberated upon at length, those concerning the nature of credit transactions and concurrently the financial inclusion of street vendors have scarcely received focussed attention. In the absence of formal credit, street vendors largely depend on loan sharks, who charge high interest rates ranging from 350% to 800% per annum. The problem of formal credit aside, another equally important factor is the inflexible attitude of the civic authorities towards street vending. Given their informal status, this is particularly apparent because they are forced to conduct business in the absence of legal protection, making them vulnerable to rent seeking by the authorities. The acceptance of the National Policy for Urban Street Vendors by a few states and the subsequent bill to protect the livelihood of street vendors should help them gain legitimacy and subsequently credit to run their businesses at proper rates. The book examines and analyses these issues.

"India and the Quest for One World is the gripping story of India's quest to create a common destiny for all people across the world based on the concept of 'human rights.' In the years leading up to its independence from Great Britain, and more than a decade after, in a world torn asunder by unchecked colonial expansions and two world wars, Jawaharlal Nehru had a radical vision: bridging the ideological differences of the East and West, healing the growing rift between capitalist and communist, and creating 'One World' that would be free of empire, exploitation, and war. Madame Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Nehru's sister, would lead the fight in and through the United Nations to turn all this into a reality. An electric orator and outstanding diplomat, she travelled across continents speaking in the voice of the oppressed and garnering support for her cause. The aim was to lay the foundation for global governance that would check uncontrolled state power, address the question of minorities and migrant peoples, and put an end to endemic poverty. Mahatma Gandhi's legacy would go global. All that stood between the Indians and success was their own fallibility, diplomatic intrigue, and the blinding haze of mistrust and overwhelming fear engendered by the Cold War. As Manu Bhagavan recounts the story of this quest, iconic figures are seen through new eyes as they challenge all of us to imagine a better future. Based on seven years of research, across three continents, this is the first truly international history of newly independent India"--

"In its 2001 report on global climate, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the United Nations prominently featured the 'hockey stick, ' a chart showing global temperature data over the past one thousand years. The hockey stick demonstrated that temperature had risen with the increase in industrialization and use of fossil fuels. The inescapable conclusion was that worldwide human activity since the industrial age had raised CO2 levels, trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and warming the planet. The hockey stick became a central icon in the 'climate wars, ' and well-funded science deniers immediately attacked the chart and the scientists responsible for it. Yet the controversy has had little to do with the depicted temperature rise and much more with the perceived threat the graph posed to those who oppose governmental regulation and other restraints to protect our environment and planet. Michael E. Mann, lead author of the original paper in which the hockey stick first appeared, shares the real story of the science and politics behind this controversy. He introduces key figures in the oil and energy industries, and the media front groups who do their bidding in sometimes slick, bare-knuckled ways to cast doubt on the science. Mann concludes with an account of the 'Climategate' scandal, the 2009 hacking of climate scientists' emails. Throughout, Mann reveals the role of science deniers, abetted by an uninformed media, in once again diverting attention away from one of the central scientific and policy issues of our time"--Provided by publisher

Intro -- Conversations with Remarkable Native Americans -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- PREFACE: Tragic wisdom and survivance -- INTRODUCTION: From forgotten Americans to Indigenous rights -- PROLOGUE: Conversation with Gerald Vizenor -- 1. N. Scott Momaday, poet, novelist, painter, and UNESCO Artist for Peace -- 2. Suzan Harjo, policy advocate, journalist, essayist, and poet -- 3. Richard West, lawyer and founding director of the National Museum of the American Indian -- 4. Emil Her Many Horses, curator, National Museum of the American Indian -- 5. Sven Haakanson, director of the Alutiiq Museum, Kodiak, Alaska -- 6. Veronica Tiller, historian, consultant, and writer -- 7. Erma Vizenor, tribal chair, White Earth Reservation, Minnesota -- 8. Louisita Warren, elder of Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico -- 9. Tony Abeyta, painter and sculptor -- 10. David Bradley, painter and sculptor -- 11. Darren Vigil Gray, painter and musician -- 12. Jill Momaday, actress, model, and former chief of protocol, state of New Mexico -- 13 . Rulan Tangen, dancer and choreographer -- 14. Robert Tim Coulter, lawyer, founder and director of the Indian Law Resource Center -- 15. Kenneth Deer, journalist, educator, and UN Indigenous representative -- 16. United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples -- EPILOGUE: In memory of Deskaheh -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index of People -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- General Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

The United Nations Security Council unanimously expressed concern about the possible impacts of climate change on peace and security in its session of 20 July 2011. The open debate with a record participation of UN member states clearly underlined the need for climate protection and early action to reduce the security implications of climate change. With contributions from policy makers and leading scholars, this edited volume offers the reader the opportunity to learn about key positions in the debate on the security risks of climate change and the prospects of climate diplomacy. Particular emphasis is given to water resource management, global food security, and rising sea levels that threaten coastal areas and low-lying island states. The authors explore ways to further develop regional cooperation and dialogue in light of a changing climate and provide strong arguments for urgent action that complements international climate negotiations. To this end, they stressed the importance of enhancing the dialogue on climate change and security, building early warning capacities and fostering partnerships for early action and conflict prevention. This book builds on a conference on Climate Diplomacy in Perspective hosted by the German Federal Foreign Office and adelphi in Berlin in October 2011. Opened by the German Minis ter of State Cornelia Pieper, UNEP Executive Director Achim Steiner, Bangladesh's Minister of Environment Hasan Mahmud, and Mohamed Shareef, Minister of State in the Republic of Maldives' Environment Ministry, the conference welcomed 100 policy-makers and experts from over 30 countries.

Peacebuilding, Power, and Politics in Africa is a critical reflection on peacebuilding efforts in Africa. The authors expose the tensions and contradictions in different clusters of peacebuilding activities, including peace negotiations; statebuilding; security sector governance; and disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration. Essays also address the institutional framework for peacebuilding in Africa and the ideological underpinnings of key institutions, including the African Union, NEPAD, the African Development Bank, the Pan-African Ministers Conference for Public and Civil Service, the UN Peacebuilding Commission, the World Bank, and the International Criminal Court. The volume includes on-the-ground case study chapters on Sudan, the Great Lakes Region of Africa, Sierra Leone and Liberia, the Niger Delta, Southern Africa, and Somalia, analyzing how peacebuilding operates in particular African contexts.
The authors adopt a variety of approaches, but they share a conviction that peacebuilding in Africa is not a script that is authored solely in Western capitals and in the corridors of the United Nations. Rather, the writers in this volume focus on the interaction between local and global ideas and practices in the reconstitution of authority and livelihoods after conflict. The book systematically showcases the tensions that occur within and between the many actors involved in the peacebuilding industry, as well as their intended beneficiaries. It looks at the multiple ways in which peacebuilding ideas and initiatives are reinforced, questioned, reappropriated, and redesigned by different African actors.
A joint project between the Centre for Conflict Resolution in Cape Town, South Africa, and the Centre of African Studies at the University of Cambridge.

The Arctic, the Antarctic, and the Hindu Kush-Himalayas form a unique trio called the three poles. Mainly composed of snow, rock, and ice, these precious regions contain vast areas of wilderness for humanity. Together they make up the primary water resource of this planet and directly shape our climate. This book presents a first-ever global assessment and progressive review of the three poles and the urgent need for their protection. Sins of the past have irrevocably harmed these regions, and the future looks bleak with the global population reaching 9 billion by 2060 and climate change on the rise. Presented here is a wide-reaching and coherent overview of the poles' biodiversity, habitats, and ongoing destruction. Failed protection and social targets set by the United Nations and other bodies are exposed while economic growth and urban sprawl continue unabated. Polar regions play a major role on the global agenda as they are rich in oil and other resources, marking them for contamination, overfishing, and further degradation. The chapters are written by experts in their fields, and their evidence leaves no doubt that we already live beyond our carrying capacity on a finite space. A global protection role model and several outlook scenarios are proposed to help set in motion polar protection priorities that are actually valid. That way, it may not be too late to salvage this huge, last wilderness so relevant for the well-being of humanity and at least protect what is still left.

In Corruption and Organised Crime in Europe, Gounev and Ruggiero present a discussion of the relation between organized criminals and corruption in the EU's 27 Member States. The book draws on research and scholarly work the editors carried out, respectively, within the Center for the Study of Democracy (CSD) in Bulgaria, and within academic institutions, as well as on behalf of the European Commission and the United Nations. Combining empirical data and theoretical debates, the book focuses on three main areas of the relationship between corruption and organised crime: public bodies, the private sector and criminal markets. It presents the findings of a recent research project carried out by the CSD on behalf of the European Commission, providing an analysis of the specific national contexts in which corruption and organized crime thrive. The essays also address institutional responses and policies, focusing particularly on how EU Member States attempt to sever the links between the official economy, the political sphere and organized crime. The second part of the book presents case studies, written by some of the foremost international experts on the subject matter, analysing corrupt exchange and criminal organisations, concentrating on specific European countries - Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Russia, Spain and the UK. As the first comprehensive study of corruption and organised crime in the countries of the European Union, the book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of criminology, sociology, law and international politics, as well policy makers and law-enforcement agencies.

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Boxes, Figures and Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- Introductory rationale -- The parameters of the book -- How the book is structured -- PART I THE EVERY CHILD MATTERS JOURNEY -- 2 The Historical Context -- The impact of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) -- Historical context of children's services -- Poor Laws and the welfare state -- Maria Colwell -- Jasmine Beckford -- The Children Act 1989 -- Victoria Climbié. -- How ECM is changing the children's services landscape -- Changes to training and professional development -- Improving the efficacy of multi-agency working -- Legislation to embed ECM -- Leadership and management -- Annual children and young people's plans -- New roles and organizations to embed integrated children's services -- Children's trusts -- Children's centres -- New roles -- Criticisms of ECM -- Conclusion -- 3 The Theoretical Framework -- A child's perspective of childhood -- Interdisciplinary approaches to childhood -- Discourses on childhood -- Theories of power and the effect on adult-child relations -- Classical liberalism, embedded liberalism and neoliberalism -- The Third Way and concepts of 'capital' -- Conclusion -- PART II MULTI-AGENCY WORKING IN CHILDREN'S SERVICES -- 4 Social Care -- Social care policy context -- Systems and service integration -- Social Work Practice models -- Multi-agency working -- Looked-after children -- Conclusion -- 5 Education -- Education and the ECM context -- Early years education -- Multi-agency working -- Impact of ECM on the primary curriculum -- Pupil voice -- Extended schools -- Conclusion -- 6 Child Healthcare and Wellbeing -- Child healthcare in the twenty-first century -- Disability -- Children with chronic health conditions.

"This book is a comprehensive guide to Australian coastal and marine law. Since the landmark enactment of the Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 (Cth), and the subsequent High Court decision in NSW v Commonwealth, there have been rapid developments in Australian coastal and marine law and policy. The Offshore Constitutional Settlement paved the way for offshore management between the Commonwealth, States and the Northern Territory, and from this foundation a raft of new environmental laws were adopted in the 1980s and 1990s, often promoted by international developments such as the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, or through new marine pollution conventions adopted by the International Maritime Organisation. In the last decade as a result of the increased profile associated with concerns over climate change, whaling, and major maritime incidents such as the Pasha Bulker (2007), Pacific Adventurer (2009), the Montara oil platform spill (2009), and Shen Neng I (2010) there has been greater environmental consciousness and concern about the need to have a comprehensive legal framework in place to deal with these issues. The book particularly reflects upon how Australian law regulates and manages a range of environmental issues which arise in the coastal zone and the marine environment. The Australian maritime domain is the focus of analysis, including all areas within State and Territorial jurisdiction, and areas within Commonwealth control and regulation. Activities that are subject to specific consideration include the continental shelf, fishing, indigenous rights, marine parks, marine pollution, ports and harbours, and shipping"--

Intro -- HAMAS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: A CLOSER LOOK -- HAMAS IN THE MIDDLE EAST: A CLOSER LOOK -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 HAMAS: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS* -- Summary -- Introduction: Issues for Congress -- Overview -- Threats Hamas Poses -- Rockets and Smuggling Tunnels -- Gaza Militias and Security Forces -- Comparison with Other Middle East Terrorist Groups -- Ideology and Policies -- Overall Goals -- On Israel's Existence and the Jews -- On a Two-State Solution -- On the Use of Violence -- On Its Model for an Islamic State -- Use of Media -- Leadership and Organization -- In General -- Internal Tensions? -- In Gaza -- Popular Support -- Sources of Assistance -- Iran, Syria, and Hezbollah -- Charities and Individuals -- Possible Options for Congress -- U.S. Aid to Palestinians -- Aid to Strengthen Non-Hamas Groups and Individuals -- U.S. Security Assistance in the West Bank103 -- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) in Gaza -- Restrictions on Aid to Hamas or PA Government Including Hamas -- U.S. Assistance to Israel to Counter Rocket Threat -- Countering Financial and Smuggling Networks -- Terrorist Designations and Legal Action -- Sanctions on Iran and Syria -- Anti-Smuggling Efforts in Egypt and Elsewhere -- Countering Hamas Media -- Addressing Hamas in a Regional Context -- Oversight -- Inclusion of Hamas in Negotiations?128 -- International Dimensions -- Conclusion -- Appendix A. Historical Background and U.S. Policy -- Pre-1987: Hamas's Emergence -- 1987-1995: Gaining Attention -- 1995-2004: Violence and International Opposition -- 2005-2006: Israel's Gaza Disengagement and the Palestinian Legislative Council Election Campaign -- 2006-2010: Confronting an Empowered Hamas -- Appendix B. Key Dates in Hamas's History -- Chronology -- Appendix C. Major Hamas Leaders

This exciting new book grew out of an international symposium held at FAO, Rome in July 2008, but it is not just a collection of papers from that symposium. Rather, the publication brings together work on social-ecological marine research that cuts across disciplines, identifies key common elements and approaches that promote resilience of marine social-ecological systems in the face of global changes, and points to next steps.The book comprises contributions on conceptual issues relating to social-ecological responses in marine systems to global changes; offers illustrative case studies of specific examples of social-ecological responses in marine systems to significant environmental changes manifested locally; develops a syntheses between natural and social scientists on the topic, and points the way forward with innovative approaches to the use of science and knowledge in management, policy and advice.World Fisheriesis part of Wiley-Blackwell's prestigious Fish and Aquatic Resources Series, and encompasses chapters from many scientists at the top of their fields worldwide. Carefully drawn together and edited by four world experts in the area, World Fisheriesis a landmark publication which is an essential purchase for all fisheries managers worldwide. Rosemary E. Ommer, Department of History, University of Victoria, CanadaR. Ian Perry, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, CanadaKevern Cochrane, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, ItalyPhilippe Cury, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, IRD – IFREMER Université Montpellier II, France

Annotation, Never before have so many people worried about the effects of military conflict. At a time when terrorism is opening the way for new forms of warfare worldwide, this book provides a much-needed account of the real dangers we face, and argues that the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and of war are attainable and necessary goals. Written by Nobel Peace prizewinner and former nuclear physicist Joseph Rotblat, and biologist/ psychologist Robert Hinde, War No More provides expert insight into the nature of modern warfare -- including 'weapons of mass destruction'. Examining the key factors that are believed to contribute to conflict, they explain how best to approach a peaceful future. If war is ever to be eliminated, Hinde and Rotblat argue that we must address key issues such as the gap between rich and poor; we must have fully effective arms controls; and above all we must have better education. The authors emphasize the United Nations -- as well as non-governmental organizations, religious groups, and grassroots movements -- also have important parts to play. Joseph Rotblat was involved in the creation of the first atom bomb, but left the project during the war, when it became clear that Nazi Germany was not building its own bomb. Since the end of the Second World War he has dedicated his life to campaigning against nuclear weapons and co-founded the Pugwash conferences. Robert Hinde was a pilot in World War 2, is now a Cambridge University Professor and has written extensively on war and strategies for peace

"International development is now a major global activity and the focus of the rapidly growing academic discipline of development studies. The Encyclopedia of International Development provides definitions and discussions of the key concepts, controversies and actors associated with international development for a readership of development workers, teachers and students. With 600 entries, ranging in length from shorter factual studies to more in-depth essays, a comprehensive system of cross references and a full index, it is the most definitive guide to international development yet published.Development is more than a simple increase in a country's wealth and living conditions. It also implies increasing people's choices and freedoms; it is change that is inclusive and empowering. Development theory and practice has important applications to questions of economic growth, trade, governance, education, healthcare, gender rights and environmental protection, and it involves issues such as international aid, peacekeeping, famine relief and strategies against HIV/AIDS. The Encyclopedia treats these topics and many more, and provides critical analyses of important actors within development such as the United Nations and World Bank, non-governmental organizations and corporations.Contributors to this volume reflect the multidisciplinary and international nature of the subject. They come from social science disciplines such as economics, international studies, political science and anthropology, and from specialities such as medicine.This Encyclopedia provides crucial information for universities, students and professional organizations involved with international development, and those interested in related topics such as international studies or other studies of social and economic change today"--

Intro -- CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN -- CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION: CRIME WITHOUT PUNISHMENT -- 1. WOMEN MISSING -- 2. THE SLAVE TRADE, RENAMED HUMAN TRAFFICKING -- 3. RAPE IN WAR, AND PROGRAMMED RAPE -- 4. FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION -- 5. ENFORCED CHASTITY AND ITS COROLLARY -- 6. CHILD MARRIAGE -- 7. DOMESTIC ABUSE -- PART I: CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN CONCEPT AND LAW -- THE LAWS GOVERNING CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN CONSTITUTING OBLIGATIO ERGA OMNES -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN -- ELEMENTS OF CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN -- SOURCES OF THE LAW -- CONVENTIONS -- CUSTOMS -- JUDICIAL DECISIONS -- GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW -- RESOLUTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS -- PUBLICISTS -- JUS COGENS -- SUBJECTS OF CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN -- THE PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN -- CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY -- CONCLUSION -- THE HUMAN RIGHTS DESIGN: A CRITIQUE OF 'UNIVERSALITY' IN A PATRIARCHAL WORLD -- INTRODUCTION -- THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: A FEMINIST CRITIQUE -- STEPS IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION: CEDAW -- CONCLUSION -- ETHICAL AND META-ETHICAL APPROACHES TO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN -- META-ETHICS OR PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICS -- NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PENAL ETHICS AND THE QUESTION OF FEMALE GENDER2 -- EXAMINING THE DESIRE TO IMPOSE VALUES -- THE ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (2002): THE IMPACT OF THE COALITION OF WOMEN'S GROUPS -- INTRODUCTION -- WOMEN'S CAUCUS AT THE ROME CONFERENCE -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Primary Sources -- Periodicals, NGO Publications -- Secondary Sources (Scholarly Articles, Opinions) -- PART II: CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN TIMES OF CONFLICT -- RAPE AND OTHER SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN ARMED CONFLICT: A LEGAL LOOK AT THE ISSUES -- I. EXISTING INTERNATIONAL LAW -- II. CASES BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL COURTS.