Government policy can further the health of the public in four ways, notes Howard Leichter: "It can support biomedical research; improve, guarantee, or subsidize access to health care; regulate environmental and product hazards; and encourage people, through education or regulation, to adopt more healthy life-styles" (p. 6).
Leadership roles, as this study suggests, may lead to breakdowns in individuals who have performed well in more routine positions. When the demand for creativity is high, but the routes to success ambiguous and the end goals controverted, vulnerable individuals may take refuge in drink and engage in public displays which undermine their performance. Such individuals may continue to provide positive contributions to national policy formation. Their loss of control, however, even if it is only episodic, is likely to cause significant others in the environment to depreciate their entire role performance, contributing further to their loss of influence.
Invaluable wisdom on living a good life from the founder of capitalismAdam Smith is best known today as the founder of modern economics, but he was also an uncommonly brilliant philosopher who was especially interested in the perennial question of how to live a good life. Our Great Purpose is a short and illuminating guide to Smith's incomparable wisdom on how to live well, written by one of today's leading Smith scholars.In this inspiring and entertaining book, Ryan Patrick Hanley describes Smith's vision of "the excellent and praiseworthy character," and draws on the philosopher's writings to show how each of us can go about developing one. For Smith, an excellent character is distinguished by qualities such as prudence, self-command, justice, and benevolence—virtues that have been extolled since antiquity. Yet Smith wrote not for the ancient polis but for the world of market society—our world—which rewards self-interest more than virtue. Hanley shows how Smith set forth a vision of the worthy life that is uniquely suited to us today.Full of invaluable insights on topics ranging from happiness and moderation to love and friendship, Our Great Purpose enables modern readers to see the founder of capitalism in an entirely new light—and along the way, learn what it truly means to live a good life
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У статті авторами запропонована методика врахування фактору часу в задачах визначення витрат за етапи життєвого циклу озброєння та військової техніки під час обґрунтування заходів програм розвитку озброєння та військової техніки ЗС України. ; В статье авторами предложена методика учета фактора времени в задачах определения затрат по этапам жизненного цикла вооружения и военной техники во время обоснования задач программ развития вооружения и военной техники Вооруженных Сил Украины. ; In the article, the authors propose a method for taking into account the time factor in the tasks of determining the costs for the stages of the life cycle of weapons and military equipment during the substantiation of the tasks of programs for the development of armaments and military equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
AbstractThis special issue considers the relationship of the life sciences to both public policy and public administration. This makes sense because the bureaucratic process and public administration are deeply involved in the policy process and the development of substantive public policy. The two subjects are intertwined. And a biological perspective can illuminate many aspects of both. That is the focus of this issue.
There seems to be an obvious contradiction in the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Whereas Article III reasonably requests restriction of transfer of biological warfare (BW) and toxin warfare (TW) agents, equipment, and means of delivery, Article X not less reasonably calls for peaceful international cooperation in microbiology. This contradiction became especially obvious in the late 1980s, for two reasons: (1) regional conflicts increased as one of the consequences of the peaceful end of the Cold War, with a corresponding increase in the threat of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and (2) the technology gap between North and South continued to expand, not least as a direct consequence of the rapid development of molecular biotechnology in industrialized countries.
Americans have long been enthralled by visions of the apocalypse. Will the world end through nuclear war, environmental degradation, and declining biodiversity? Or, perhaps, through the second coming of Christ, rapture of the faithful, and arrival of the Antichrist—a set of beliefs known as dispensationalist premillennialism? These seemingly competing apocalyptic fantasies are not as dissimilar as we might think. In fact, Lisa Vox argues, although these secular and religious visions of the end of the world developed independently, they have converged to create the landscape of our current apocalyptic imagination.In Existential Threats, Vox assembles a wide range of media—science fiction movies, biblical tractates, rapture fiction—to develop a critical history of the apocalyptic imagination from the late 1800s to the present. Apocalypticism was once solely a religious ideology, Vox contends, which has secularized in response to increasing technological and political threats to American safety. Vox reads texts ranging from Christianity Today articles on ecology and the atomic bomb to Dr. Strangelove, and from Mary Shelley's The Last Man to the Left Behind series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins, demonstrating along the way that conservative evangelicals have not been as resistant to science as popularly believed and that scientists and science writers have unwittingly reproduced evangelical eschatological themes and scenarios in their own works. Existential Threats argues that American apocalypticism reflects and propagates our ongoing debates over the authority of science, the place of religion, uses of technology, and America's evolving role in global politics.
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Among the founders of our interdisciplinary field of inquiry, Tom Wiegele was preeminent. He was the catalyst in drawing together in a collegial association the many of us who, from different backgrounds, had come to see the unfolding social implications of advances in the life sciences for both public policy and the study of politics. He possessed a combination of leadership skills in both concepts and organization that is rarely found in academia.
Glendon Schubert presented the following article as a paper at the first "Dialogues Panel" at the 1982 meeting of the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences, Denver, Colorado, September 1982. The commentators were Hayward Alker, Jr., and Dina Zinnes. In the dialogue panel concept, different intellectual perspectives are brought to bear on an issue of common concern.—The Editor
Abstract Background Shared housing arrangements (SHA) are alternatives to long-term care facilities for care-dependent people. The collective perspective of nursing professionals working in SHA in dealing with death and dying is missing in recent studies. This study aimed to investigate the perspective of professionals concerning a palliative (farewell) culture in SHA.
Methods In this study two group discussions were conducted with nurses and nursing assistants working in SHA. Data were analyzed using the documentary method, with the aim of working out the professional orientation framework concerning a collective palliative culture.
Results Nurses enable a palliative (farewell) culture. This leads to the fact that hospice services are not used in these SHA. The distance to relatives as well as a short dying process or incomplete dying support can make a successful palliative culture difficult. Depending on the conscious assumption of responsibility for a palliative culture in the nursing concept of SHA, death and dying are discussed at an early stage with the relatives and care-dependent people.
Discussion The constantly progressing palliative culture in SHA is based on nurses' experiences, general practitioners (GP) and relatives. The family carers' role is ambiguous. If they do what they are supposed to do from the professional nurses' point of view and are closely connected to the nurses, they are viewed positively and as enablers of a palliative culture. If family carers' responsibilities are not communicated and they are not in close contact with professional nurses, they are viewed as opponents of a palliative culture. The GPs are seen as enablers of a palliative culture in both discussions. A timely discussion on what might happen in the end of life phase, formalized or not, helps all involved groups to be prepared.
The civil justice system has long struggled to resolve disputes over end-of-life transfers. The two most common grounds for challenging the validity of a gift, will, or trust— mental incapacity and undue influence—are vague, hinge on the state of mind of a dead person, and allow factfinders to substitute their own norms and preferences for the donor's intent. In addition, the slayer doctrine—which prohibits killers from inheriting from their victims—has generated decades of constitutional challenges. But recently, these controversial rules have migrated into an area where the stakes are significantly higher: the criminal justice system. For example, states have criminalized financial exploitation of an elder, which includes obtaining assets through undue influence. Likewise, prosecutors are bringing theft charges against people who accept transfers from mentally diminished owners. Finally, legislatures are experimenting with abuser statutes that extend the slayer doctrine by barring anyone from receiving property from the estate of a senior citizen whom they mistreated. This Article evaluates the benefits and costs of this trend. It explains that these new sanctions deter elder abuse: wrongdoing that is rampant, pernicious, and underreported. Nevertheless, this Article exposes the dangers of criminalizing this unique area of law. First, criminal undue influence and the abuser doctrine may be unconstitutional in some situations. Second, inheritance crimes suffer from the flaws that make probate litigation so unreliable. Third, because inheritance law and criminal law have been traditionally understood as distinct, jurisdictions have not yet figured out how to gracefully merge them. Finally, this Article builds on these insights to argue that states should abolish criminal undue influence, harmonize civil and criminal rules, and create exceptions to abuser laws.
Prior research has demonstrated that a disassembly based end-of-life (EoL) treatment for electronic products is characterized by the highest recovery rates for precious metals (PMs) and non-commodity plastics, such as flame retardant plastics. Nonetheless, EoL electronic products are nowadays also commonly recycled without disassembly in different types of size-reduction based treatments or in an integrated PM smelter-refinery. This disparity of recycling processes adopted worldwide resulted in a high uncertainty on the EoL treatment processes that will be adopted for discarded electronic products. As a result, governments, original equipment manufacturers and recycling companies struggle to determine the economic and environmental value of design for disassembly. For this reason, a methodology is presented to calculate the Composite Rate of Return (CRR) on investing in design for disassembly and the resulting environmental impacts. This methodology is applied to evaluate the economic and environmental benefits of implementing three types of active fasteners for eleven electronic products which are available in both a product service system (PSS) and a traditional sales oriented business model. The performed analyses demonstrate that the preferred EoL treatment, as well as the economic and environmental benefits of implementing design for active disassembly, strongly depends on several product properties and boundary conditions. Based on the performed sensitivity analysis, the application of active pressure and temperature sensitive fasteners is expected to be only economically viable for products placed on the market in a PSS context, in which they will be separately collected with a high collection rate. Furthermore, impulse sensitive elastomer based fasteners are characterized with the highest rate of return and considered to be suited for both products sold in a traditional sales oriented business model and for products used in a PSS.
Although the target article, which attempts to clarify how physiological knowledge may resolve and guide research into aggressive behavior at a political level, raises many important issues, and in particular, draws attention to several specific areas where analyses of physiology and social behavior may be fruitfully pursued, it fails, in my view, to provide a suitable framework for such an endeavor for two reasons: one, a truncated definition of aggression, and two, a confounding of levels of analysis. After examining these two problems, I will end this commentary by highlighting and expanding upon one of those issues raised by Davies which may provide a valuable source of research.
This article is dedicated to a theoretical and legal study of the concept of "the right to respect for family life". It is based on legal analysis of Ukrainian legislation and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It has been argued that the legal bases for state interference in family life are: 1) interference committed under the law, 2) interference with the interests of the majority in a democratic society, 3) interference to prevent disorder, crime, health, morality , rights and freedoms of other citizens.
